Only when calves are well managed can they play their due production performance.

The main points of calf feeding management are as follows:

First, feed colostrum well.

Colostrum refers to the milk produced by dairy cows within 4 ~ 7 days after delivery.

Calves should eat colostrum within 1 ~ 1.5 hours after birth, and should not give too much colostrum for the first time to prevent digestive disorders; The second feeding should be 6-9 hours after birth and last for 5-7 days.

When the calf is nursing, if it often leans its head on the cow's breast and swallows less times, it means that the cow's milk production is low and the calf is not full. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the nutritional level of dairy cows, increase milk production, or supplement calves.

If white foam appears at the mouth of the calf after sucking for a period of time, it means that the calf is full, so it is necessary to control the milk quantity properly to avoid indigestion of the calf.

Second, timely supplementary feeding.

When calves start ruminating 20 days after birth, they should set up a small trough and start feeding high-quality hay or pasture and concentrate, and let them eat freely.

When feeding concentrated feed for the first time, calf feed can be coated on calves' lips to induce them to lick. After 2 ~ 3 days, you can put the feed tray into the calf pen and let the calf feed lick freely.

Because the initial intake is small, you can't put too much feed, so you must change it every day to keep the feed and feed plates fresh and clean.

At first, feed 10 ~ 20g dry powder every day, and it can be increased to 80 ~ 100g after a few days. After a period of adaptation, it is fed with mixed wet materials, that is, dry powder and warm water are mixed and saccharified.

The amount of wet material can gradually increase with age.

In order to prevent calf diarrhea, antibiotic feed can be supplemented.

Each head was supplemented with chlortetracycline 10000 international units, and feeding was stopped after 30 days.

Third, early weaning.

Beef cattle should be weaned in time after breastfeeding for 5 ~ 6 months.

Weaned calves should be divided into male and female groups to prevent premature mating.

In winter and spring, fattened calves are fed in the house. In order to maintain a high daily gain, add about 1.5 kg of mixed concentrate every day and feed silage or high-quality hay. In winter and spring, weaned female calves can be raised in semi-grazing and semi-shed, twice a day in the morning and evening, and grazing nearby for 4-5 hours during the day.

At present, grazing is forbidden in some parts of the north, and all cattle are kept in houses. In this case, more attention should be paid to supplementing trace elements and vitamins to ensure the nutritional balance of the diet.

For large-scale cattle farms, weaned calves should be fed and managed in groups according to their age, physical size and health status.