abstract

1. Abstract is a brief statement of the contents of the report and paper, with no comments.

2. Reports and papers should generally have abstracts, and international exchanges should also have foreign language abstracts (mostly in English).

3. The abstract should be independent and self-sufficient, that is, the necessary information can be obtained without reading the full text of reports and papers. There are data and conclusions in it. It is a complete essay, which can be used independently, quoted and used for process promotion. The content of the paper should contain the same main information as the report and paper, so that readers can determine whether it is necessary to read the full text, and it can also be used for secondary documents such as abstracts. Generally, the purpose, experimental methods, results and final conclusions of the research work should be explained, with emphasis on the results and conclusions.

4. Chinese abstracts generally do not exceed 200 ~ 300 words; Foreign language abstracts should not exceed 250 real words. In case of special needs, the number of words can be slightly more.

5. Except that there is really no alternative, no numbers, tables, chemical structures, symbols and terms are unknown and are common in abstraction.

6. The abstracts of reports and papers can be placed on another page after the title page, and the abstracts of academic papers are generally placed after the title and author and before the text.

7. Evaluation of dissertations. In order to attend academic conferences, academic papers can be summarized in variant forms as required, which is not limited by the number of words.

key word

Keywords are words or terms selected by document indexers from reports and papers to express the theme information of the full text.

Choose 3-8 words as keywords for each report and paper, and start a new line with prominent characters, which are arranged at the lower left of the abstract.

If possible, try to use the standard words provided by China Word Dictionary and other glossaries.

International communication should be marked with English keywords corresponding to Chinese.

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