Paper sampling usually checks whether the data in the article is true, accurate and reliable, and whether it conforms to academic norms and moral standards. If data is found to be falsified or tampered with, it will generally be considered as academic misconduct, and in serious cases, it may be disqualified and relevant qualifications will be cancelled.
In foreign countries, some research institutions and academic journals implement the policy of original data disclosure, emphasizing transparency and repeatability. In this case, the original data will be publicly released for other researchers to re-analyze and verify the data.
Therefore, in order to avoid academic misconduct, researchers should abide by academic ethics and norms, conduct research in good faith, and must not tamper with, forge or conceal data. At the same time, they should keep and back up the original data, and provide the original data to relevant institutions and personnel for review as needed.