Songshan Mountain is a famous Buddhist mountain with rich and splendid Buddhist culture. Fawang Temple, founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is one of the earliest Buddhist temples in China. Only three years later than the White Horse Temple in Luoyang and 420 years earlier than the Shaolin Temple. According to Shuo Song, the White Horse Temple was originally a place to entertain guests from Siyi, so it can be said that the Fawang Temple was the beginning of the establishment of Buddhist temples in China.
Shaolin Temple was built by Yuan Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and an Indian monk, Baowa, once preached here. Because the Indian monk Dharma first preached Zen here, and later Zen developed into an important sect in Buddhism, Shaolin Temple was called the ancestral hall of Zen. Dharma, the founder of Zen Buddhism, left the story of "crossing the river with one reed" and "facing the wall for nine years" in the process of missionary work, and established the Taoist Zen method of "seeing nature clearly and everything is empty"
Other famous Buddhist temples include Huishan Temple, Song Yue Temple, Yongtai Temple and Jinqingliang Temple in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Taoist culture Songshan is also a famous Taoist mountain. Zhongyue Temple was founded in the Qin Dynasty, formerly known as Taishi Temple, and once had the reputation of "flying to shine on the sun and gathering clouds in the pavilion". Zhongyue Temple is one of the holy places of Taoism. Known as the "sixth Taoist cave", it has eleven axes, a total length of 1.3 Li and an area of more than 100,000 square meters. It is a large-scale and well-preserved ancient architectural complex in wuyue. The platform of Zhongyue Temple is unique among the five mountains, and it is permeated with the religious concept of "all five mountains and all five elements".
Taiyi Hall, the predecessor of Chongfu Palace, was built in the first year of Emperor Yuanfeng of the Han Dynasty. It turned out to be a long live view with a history of two thousand years. Taoism flourished in Song Zhenzong, pushing Taiyi view to Chongfu Palace. It is not only the gathering place of famous Confucianism, but also the place where famous Taoist alchemists live and preach. Such as Kou in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Liu Daohe in the Tang Dynasty, Dong in the Song Dynasty and Qiu Changchun in the Jin Dynasty. , are famous in the history of Taoism, and they all host Dojo in Chongfu Palace.
Taoist buildings and stone tablets in Songshan Mountain are very valuable. Zhongyue Temple Zhongyue Temple was rebuilt in the sixth year of Song Zhenda Zhongxiang Fu, and has been rebuilt in all dynasties. Nine rooms are wide and five rooms are deep. It is tall, majestic and spectacular. It is the largest temple in Zhongyue and the largest ancient building in the Central Plains. In addition, Taishi Pavilion, Qimu Pagoda and Shao Shi Que were built in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is engraved with various pictures, or with inscriptions of praise and praise. Confucian culture Songshan is a place with great influence of Confucian culture, which is rare among the famous mountains in China. In the long years, Confucian culture has experienced four stages: pre-Qin primitive Confucianism, Western Han apotheosis Confucianism, Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism and modern Neo-Confucianism. Songyang Academy, located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, is known as the four major academies in the early Song Dynasty together with Suiyang Academy in Shangqiu, Henan, Yuelu Academy in Hunan and Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi. Songyang Academy, one of the educational centers of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, occupies an important position in the cultural history of China. Chongfu Palace, not far away, is a palace view where famous Confucian scholars arranged inappropriate affairs in the Song Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao and Li Gang were all given the post of "pipe hook" here.
Songyang Academy and Chongfu Palace are places where famous Confucian scholars such as Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, founders of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, have been active. Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties was founded by Er Cheng, which was the dominant official philosophy in the late feudal society of China. Therefore, officials and famous Confucian scholars in past dynasties restored Songyang Academy. During the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Geng Jie, a famous Neo-Confucianist, invested his assets in the restoration and expansion of Songyang Academy on a large scale, making it the spreading center of Luopai Neo-Confucianism in Qing Dynasty. Visiting Songyang Academy will give you a deeper understanding of Confucian culture, especially Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties.
Duke Zhou, Xu You, Chao Fu and Boyi, who lived in seclusion in Mount Ji, lived before the birth of Confucianism, but they were all respected Confucian sages. Their records and legends are part of Confucian culture. Therefore, in terms of cultural connotation, Confucian culture is enough to keep pace with Buddhism and Taoism in Songshan. "Sleeping Nuwa" and "Huainanzi Ming Lan" at the top of Taishi Mountain contain: the ancient four poles were abolished and Kyushu was split; The world is repetitive and the land is different; Fire does not go out, water is inexhaustible; Wild animals eat people, while birds prey on the old and the weak. So nuwa refined five-color stones to make up the sky, and the broken claws were enough to set up four poles, killing the black dragon and helping Jizhou, and accumulating reed ash to stop the lewd water. Heaven makes up, four poles are positive, dirty water dries up, Jizhou is flat, dumpling insects die, people's livelihood is destroyed, state affairs return, and the sky is round. And spring and summer, kill autumn and winter, pillow sleeping rope. People who don't understand the situation of yin and yang know, and those who are angry with the people should stop making trouble. So why does Nu Wa mend the sky? There is a description in Lun Heng Tan Tian: "The Confucian book says:' * * * workers compete with Zhuan Xu for the son of heaven and are invincible. Anger can't touch the mountain, making Tianzhu broken and the ground lost. Nu Wa sells refined five-color stones to make up for the sky, and the sky is not as good as the northwest, and the sun and the moon move; If there is not enough land in the southeast, it will flow everywhere. "This ancient chapter is also the word of the world." The legend of Notre Dame de Kowloon, the highest peak of Songshan Taiping Mountain, is the peak in the northwest of Jijunfeng, known as Gaihua Peak. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor learned from Gai Hua to make calendars.
It is said that Gai Hua is an able man who lives on that mountain. Because he often observes the astronomical phenomena, understands the running laws of the sun, the moon and the stars, and tries to find out the changes of the four seasons, which is of great help to human life and plant growth, he is famous far and near. Later, according to the name of Gai Huaxing in the four astronomical phenomena, people called the mountain where he lived Gai Huafeng.
After the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou, he developed agricultural production on the basis of the cultivation of grains by Emperor Yan for the life of tribal people, and personally led his ministers to visit Gai Hua in Songshan. At that time, there were dense trees on the mountain, and there were many wolves, insects, tigers and leopards. They used bows and arrows to drive away the beasts in the way, yelling at each other and collecting all kinds of fruits in the forest. They went back and forth to many peaks and valleys, and finally found the old man Gai Hua. He is an old man of 100 years old and very talkative. I feel very honored to hear the news of the arrival of the Yellow Emperor. He described the seven strategies of the sun, the moon, gold, wood, water, fire and Saturn and the twenty-eight nights, four images, three walls and twelve points observed for a long time, and talked about their relationship with people's lives and plant growth. The Yellow Emperor listened with relish, interrupting questions or putting forward his own opinions from time to time. He asked Cang Xie, the accompanying minister, to write down all the important things. The old man in Gai Hua was very happy, and so was the Yellow Emperor. He thanked him again and again and then went down the mountain.
After the Yellow Emperor returned to Xiongdu, he immediately arranged to make a calendar, so that He could occupy the sun, Chang could occupy the moon, the old district could use astrology, make a fuss about the sun, and integrate the six laws to make a calendar. Divide a year into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter, twelve months and twenty-four solar terms. In this way, according to the changes of season, temperature, rainfall and phenology, planting crops and developing agricultural production have played a great role in improving and improving people's lives. There is a knife mountain at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue, which is called Yangshan Mountain. There are three abrupt stones on the mountainside. From a distance, they look like meteorites falling from the sky. People call them "Erlang Stone" or "Zhu Guoshi". At the foot of the mountain is a vast expanse of white yellow sand, just like the burnt Songkhla, which is called "the Great Desert" by the locals. Speaking of Dangyang Mountain, "Erlang Stone" and this "Great Desert", there is also a magical legend.
According to legend, when Pangu opened heaven and earth, ten suns spewed out of the ground, crops were burned, rivers dried up, the whole world was hotter than a steamer, and people were in danger. There is a young man named Jiro. He is not only hardworking and brave, but also honest and upright. He is so strong that he can lift several mountains. He has a pair of flying tiger shoes that can cross mountains and seas and travel thousands of miles every day. People believe in him and like him, so they choose him as their leader. In the ancient legends of China, the Holy King and the Song Dynasty were named He. Because it was sealed in the Tang Dynasty, it was called "Tang Yao". In his later years, Tang Yao visited Xu You many times in Jishan, Dengfeng, and Xu You was all ears because he didn't want to accept abdication. Cultural relics such as Mount Ji, Shui Ying, Hill Spring, Yinniu Pit and Xu You's Tomb not only illustrate Xu You's noble character, but also show the virtue of Yao Emperor's thirst for sages and proprietors. Later, Emperor Yao toured Yangcheng and died at the foot of Songshan Mountain at the age of 100. He dedicated his life to Songshan, and Songshan became a monument to the virtue of meditation.
Shun, the legendary ancient emperor, was the leader of the tribal alliance in the late patriarchal society. According to legend, due to the recommendation of the four mountains, Yao named him Regent. He traveled everywhere except guns, palaces, dog fights and Sanmiao. After Yao's death, he succeeded to the throne, consulted Siyue, chose virtuous people to govern the people, and chose Yu, who had rendered meritorious service in water control, as his successor. Shun Di also left many legends in Songshan area. He was abused by his stepmother, planted hemp seeds, went to Dengfeng to do business, and visited Xian Dayu in Songshan. His deeds are very touching.
Yu, commonly known as Dayu, is an ancient holy king who is as famous as Yao and Shun in legend. Dayu once took Dengfeng as the center of water control. As the son of a gun worshiper, Dayu's father's fief is in Songshan, his roots are in Songshan, where he grew up, his home is in Songshan and his capital is in Songshan. At the moment when the flood raged and the people drifted, he bid farewell to his wife who had just been married for four days and threw himself into the great cause of water control without hesitation. In thirteen years, Dayu went home three times, but he didn't go in. Later generations summed up his experience in water control with a couplet: "thirteen years, I was at home for three times." Qi Mushi and Han Sanquehe are evidences of Dayu's harnessing water and building Songshan, the main body of Songshan Mountain, Taishi Mountain and Shaoshi Mountain are also named after Dayu's two wives Tu and Tu, who live under these two mountains respectively. Shaolin Temple
Shaolin Temple, located at the foot of Wuru Peak at the northern foot of Shaoshi Mountain in Songshan Mountain, was founded in the 19th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (495). It is said that a famous Indian monk, Zen master Dharma, was stationed here. At the beginning of Tang Dynasty, thirteen stick monks of Shaolin Temple saved Li Shimin, the king of Qin, and rebuilt Shaolin Temple during Zhenguan period (627-649). After the Tang Dynasty, monks taught classics and practiced martial arts here, and Zen Buddhism and Shaolin Temple became famous all over the world. For thousands of years, Shaolin monks have devoted themselves to studying Buddhism and Wushu, which has made Buddhist culture widely spread in China and exerted a far-reaching influence. Shaolin Wushu is a treasure of China Wushu, which is quite famous at home and abroad. The film and television dramas related to the theme of Shaolin Temple are enduring for a long time, which reflects modern people's love for Shaolin spirit. Existing buildings include the mountain gate, the abbot's room, the Dharma Pavilion, the White House, the Thousand Buddha Hall and so on. And the destroyed Heavenly King Hall and Ursa Major Hall have been restored. In the Thousand Buddhas Hall, there is a famous mural of "Five Hundred Arhats at Pilu" in Ming Dynasty, covering an area of more than 300 square meters.
Tallinn is located at the foot of the mountain 300 meters west of Shaolin Temple. It is a cemetery hosted by Shaolin Temple since the Tang Dynasty. During 65,438+0,000 years, more than 250 Tallinns were built, making it the largest Tallinn in China. Towers vary in size and shape, and most of them have carvings and inscriptions, reflecting the architectural styles of different periods. They are a treasure house for studying ancient masonry and sculpture in China.
1983, the State Council identified Shaolin Temple as a national key Buddhist temple. On May 8, 2007, Shaolin Temple Scenic Spot in Songshan, Dengfeng City was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as the first batch of national 5A-level tourist attractions. On 20 1 August1day, the 34th UNESCO World Heritage Conference listed the historical buildings in Dengfeng, including Shaolin Temple, on the World Heritage List.
As an integral part of Shaolin Temple, there are the First Temple of Dharma and the Second Temple of Hui Ke. The ancestral temple is located on the top of the mountain to the north of Shaolin Temple Pagoda. Today, there is a main hall built in the seventh year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 125), which is three rooms wide and rests on the top of the mountain with a single eaves. 1983 reconstructed as it was. The second ancestral temple is located at the top of the alms bowl opposite Shaolin Temple. Today, there is a small auditorium in hard mountain style for the Tang, Yuan and Ming pagodas, and several monuments have been removed.
Yongtai temple
Yongtai Temple, located at the western foot of Taishi Mountain, was founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and is called Minglian Temple. In the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Yongtai Temple to commemorate Princess Yongtai, the younger sister of the Emperor, becoming a nun. There are Ursa Mahayana Hall and Puni Hall in the temple, which were built in the Qing Dynasty. The two towers were built in the Tang Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty respectively. There are two buildings in front of the door, engraved with the Dalagni Classic, which were made in the Tang Dynasty. Outside the temple, there is a monument to the Tang Dynasty, which describes the historical evolution of the temple. Surrounded by peaks in the temple, the stream gurgles before our eyes, and the environment is quiet and beautiful.
Huishansi
Huishan Temple and Tan Jie, Liuli, located at the foot of Jicui Peak, were originally the summer resort of Emperor Xiaowen of Wei, and the King Snake Palace of Gong Ling was the temple. At that time, Emperor Xiaoming was named as the secluded temple. Later renamed Songyang Temple and Huishan Temple, it was destroyed by fire. In the early Tang Dynasty, the temple was rebuilt, and Wu Zetian was fortunate to be in this temple, worshiping Daoan, a monk in the temple, as a Buddhist teacher. A monk, a group of monks and his disciple Tong Yuan created an annular altar in the temple, commonly known as the glass annular altar, which was one of the important annular altars in the Tang Dynasty. This temple was destroyed during the Five Dynasties of Hou Liang. Daxiong Hall was rebuilt in the early Song Dynasty and has been rebuilt ever since. The existing Huishan Temple is a small courtyard. The main hall in the courtyard is a Yuan Dynasty building, with five rooms in width and three squares in depth, resting on the top of the mountain with a single eaves, and a huge and quaint bucket arch. This is one of the oldest existing buildings in Song Yue. Hundreds of meters west of the courtyard, there is the Tang Jianjing Zen Master Tower, with a tall tower foundation, strong tower body and ingenious technology, which is a treasure in the ancient pagoda. In addition to a group of teachers and apprentices, the eminent monks in abbot temples in past dynasties also included Zen Master Daoan (commonly known as Lao 'an Monk) and his disciple Jingzang.
Song Yue Temple
Song Yue Temple, located at the southern foot of Taishi Mountain, is also a scenic spot with beautiful nymphs. The original site was the departure place of Emperor Xiaoming. In 520, Zheng Guangyuan was changed to a temple, formerly known as Yongming Living Buddhist Temple. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, temples were expanded and repaired on a large scale. Tang Li Yong's "Song Yue Temple Monument" contains: The temple is a huge Buddhist temple with "extremely rich ethnic materials, with 700 monks and 1000 halls." At that time, there were seven Buddha halls (Fengyang Hall), Dingguang Buddha Hall, Infinite Buddha Hall and Zen Temple. The pagoda built in the Northern Wei Dynasty still exists, commonly known as Song Yue Temple Pagoda, with brick structure and dense eaves. The tower is more than 40 meters high, with 15 floors and a plane angle of 12. It is "dotted with eight phases flying round, twelve abbots and hundreds of families", and it is still magnificent. It is the oldest existing brick tower with dense eaves in China.
Shao Shi Temple
Shao Shi Temple, located in Weiyuangou Village, Dajindian Town, Dengfeng City, Henan Province, was called Honghua Temple in ancient times, which means "promoting Buddhism and educating all beings". It belongs to one of the 72 temples in Songshan, Zhongyue, and is named Shao Shi Temple because it is located at the southern foot of Shaoshi Mountain in Songshan, Zhongyue. The temple was built in the early Tang Dynasty and destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty. When New China was founded, there were ruins and several historic sites here. After the destruction of the Cultural Revolution, there is no trace now. On June 20 14, the local government approved the restoration and reconstruction of Shao Shi Temple according to the application of Buddhist believers near the temple and the national religious belief policy.
According to the Biography of Liang Hua Mingfu Temple and Yan Hui Biography, there was a monk named Shi in the Liang Dynasty who got a big ring in Songshan Temple. In the Ming Dynasty, Zen Master Dajue Fangnian took part in the study under the seat of Zen Master Changrun of Shao Shi Temple, and continued to develop.
According to the villagers in Wei Yuan Gou Natural Village, a villager named Li Sihai saw a temple stone tablet while planting crops, and then disappeared. According to the legend of the old people in this natural village, this temple was once a very famous temple, which was famous above Shaolin Temple. However, due to poor management, the monks in the temple were so evil that they were angered by the ruling and opposition parties and ordered the temple to be razed to the ground. After the Xiaguan demolished the temple, the emperor was played, and the emperor said, "shovel it." . But Xiaguan mistook "strike" for "rake", thinking that the emperor would not take revenge, and asked him to rake again. So, I used a rake with a sharp iron thorn for three days before I left. Approved by Yonghua Hall, the president of Zhengzhou Buddhist Association and the ancestral temple of Shaolin Temple, the temple was uploaded to the 47th authentic Cao Dong, and the 33rd generation descendant of Fuyu Zen Master in Xueting was Shaman Shi Yongxin. With the consent of Shidao Township People's Government in Dengfeng City, Yonghua Temple in Shaolin Temple, the ancestral temple, was handed down as the 45th authentic Cao Dong, and Shaman Dezheng Shi, the 33rd descendant of Master Fuyu from Xueting, raised funds in Xikaishan, and resumed on May 8th, 20 15.
Zhongyue temple
Zhongyue Temple is a Taoist resort where famous Taoist once wrote books and gave lectures. Located at the foot of Huanggaifeng at the eastern foot of Taishi Mountain, it was built in the Qin Dynasty, formerly known as Taishi Temple. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Taishi Hall was added, and it was renamed Zhongyue Hall in the Northern Wei Dynasty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was expanded many times on a large scale. Chongzhen was destroyed by fire in the seventeenth year and rebuilt many times in the Qing Dynasty. Today, Zhongyue Temple basically retains the grand scale at that time, with the scale pattern and style characteristics of government buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Zhongyue Temple covers an area of100000 square meters, with a courtyard more than 650 meters long from north to south and 160 meters wide from east to west. Dabie Road paved with bluestone slabs is the central axis of Zhongyue Temple ancient buildings. From south to north, from low to high, it is followed by Zhonghua Gate, Yaocan Pavilion, Tianzhong Pavilion, Tianzuo Town Square, Huamanmen, Junjimen, Weizhen Jie Jun Square, Zhongyue Hall, Bedroom, Imperial Bookstore and * * * Eleven Entrance. The hexagonal pavilion behind Tianzhong Pavilion, the hexagonal pavilion between Tianzhong Town Square and Chongsheng Gate, the pedestal of April Temple between Jijun Gate and Huamanmen Gate, the two imperial tablet pavilions and cloisters in the main hall courtyard, the cloister rooms in the bedroom courtyard, and the east and west mountain rooms at both ends of the Imperial Book Building are located on both sides of the central axis. There are also independent adult courtyards such as Taiwei Palace, Vulcan Palace, Zushi Palace, Xiao Lou Palace and Wanglongting in the east and west roads of the temple. There are 330 ancient cypresses in the temple, stone tablets 100, and many cultural relics such as Ding and Iron Man.
Zhongyue Temple: Also called Jijun Temple, it is the largest building in Zhongyue Temple. Nine rooms are wide, five rooms are deep, the top of the hall is leaning against the mountain, the yellow glazed tile roof, the seven-step nine-step arch, and the lattice doors and windows are resplendent, which is known as "the pavilion is connected with clouds and the tile reflects the sun". Youlong suspended ceiling is hung in the main hall, and bluestone floor is polished in the lower berth. The main seat in the temple is the statue of Zhongyue the Great, which is five meters high, namely "Wencheng" in the Yin Dynasty, and was named "the king who worships saints" by emperors of past dynasties. On both sides of the statue are envoys, waiters and generals of the city hall. The statue is seven meters high, and it is magnificent with axes and cymbals. In the 14th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 164 1), the main hall was destroyed by fire. Reconstruction in the tenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1653).
Song Yang Academy of Classical Learning
Songyang Academy is located at the southern foot of Taishi Mountain, formerly known as Songyang Temple, and was founded in the eighth year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 484). It used to be a place for Buddhist activities and served hundreds of monks. During the period of Yang Di the Great (605-6 18), it was renamed Songyangguan and changed to a Taoist activity place. Song Renzong Jing Shou was named Songyang Academy in the second year (1035), and has been an educational place for celebrities to teach classics ever since. Songyang Academy is one of the ancient institutions of higher learning in China. Together with Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, and Suiyang Academy in Shangqiu, Henan, it is called the four major academies in ancient China. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the academy was destroyed by fire, and was rebuilt and built in the Qing Dynasty. At the peak, there were 1750 mu of study fields with hundreds of students and more than 2,000 books. In the late Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system was abolished and schools were established. After more than 1000 years of academy education, it has completed its course. However, as a bright pearl in the history of ancient education in China, the Academy will go down in history forever.
The architecture of Songyang Academy has basically maintained the architectural layout of the Qing Dynasty, with a length of 128 meters from north to south and a width of 78 meters from east to west, covering an area of 9,984 square meters. The central axis building is divided into five courtyards, from south to north, which are the main entrance, the first hall, the lecture hall, the Taoist temple and the library building in turn. The houses on both sides of the central axis are connected. * * Ancient buildings 106, mostly hard-mountain rolling children's hemp-tube tile houses, are simple and elegant, which are quite different from many temple buildings with red walls and green tiles and carved beams and painted buildings in the Central Plains.
Unit of observation
Songshan Stargazing Observatory, or Gaocheng Stargazing Observatory, was built at 1276 and designed by Guo Shoujing, a famous scientist in Yuan Dynasty. Songshan Mountain is the cradle of ancient astronomy in China. In the Tang Dynasty, a group of monks compiled Great Yan Li in Huishan Temple. At that time, there were 27 buildings like Dengfeng Observatory in China. After hundreds of years of vicissitudes, Dengfeng Observatory became the only one left. This observatory has a history of more than 700 years. It is the oldest existing observatory in China and one of the most famous astronomical science buildings in the world. It reflects the outstanding achievements of ancient scientists in China in astronomy and is of great value in the history of astronomy and architecture in the world. On March 4th, 196 1 was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Chronological calendar: The design of Songshan stargazing platform has reached an unprecedented level, according to which we can measure the sun shadow during the day and watch Polaris at night to seize the day. Through field tests, Guo Shoujing mastered the operating rules of the sun, the moon, the stars and the earth, determined the precise times of the 24 solar terms, the summer solstice and the winter solstice, the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox in a year, implemented the most advanced calendar in the world at that time, and calculated a tropical year of 365 days, 5: 49: 12 seconds, which was measured with scientific instruments and commonly used "Gregory".
Jiangjunbai
There are three ancient cypresses in Songshan Songyang Academy, which were sealed in the Western Han Dynasty (1 10 BC) for six years. When Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, toured Song Yue, he saw the cypress trees here towering and lush, so he was named "General", "Second General" and "Third General".
General Paco12m, 5.4m thick. The tree leans, its crown is thick and generous, just like a big umbrella covering the clear sky. The second General Paco is18.2m high and12.54m thick. Although its bark is mottled and aging, it is full of vitality and its branches are tall and straight. There is a north-south hole in the lower part of the trunk, like a doorway, which can accommodate five or six people. Two huge branches are bent like wings, stretching from side to side, shaped like an eagle spreading its wings and a golden rooster wanting to fly. Whenever the mountain wind blows, the branches and leaves shake like a ring, and the sound of silk and bamboo still exists. Three generals were destroyed at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
It has been more than 2,000 years since General Bo was sealed. Mr. Zhao Puchu left a poem of praise: "There is Zhou Bo in Songyang for 3,000 years." Appraised by forestry experts, Jiangjun cypress is a primitive cypress with a tree age of 4,500 years, which is the oldest and largest existing cypress in China.
Luya Waterfall
Luya Waterfall is located in the northeast of Dengfeng City 10 km, in the Lisi River Canyon between Diaolian Peak and Jiming Peak at the southern foot of Taishi Mountain. From the top of the mountain to the bottom of the valley, a series of steep cliffs and wide stacks are formed. Under the steep cliff, the rapids eroded the riverbed into potholes, thus forming waterfalls and deep pools. In this white canyon connected by 12 waterfall and 12 water pool, the waterfall is like practice and the water pool is clear.
Mo Langjian
There are more than ten pot caves up and down the Molang River, and the Ten Ponds Molang is also one of the scenic spots in Songshan Mountain. Balongtan and Jiulongtan in the shadow of Taishi Mountain are in perfect harmony with Bitan Lake, an ancient rock, which is an excellent quiet place in Songshan Mountain.
Qimushi
Hundreds of meters away from the south foot of Mount Taishi's Long Live Peak, a huge stone stands out among the green trees. People call her "Qi Mushi". It weighs about 3000 tons, about 9.5 meters long, 9 meters wide and 1 1 meter high.
Shanshangtan waterfall
Songshan Mountain is connected by mountains and rivers, giving it agility and charm. Mountain springs are dotted; The stream gurgles and accumulates into a pool; Luya Waterfall is the most spectacular.
Inscription on Songshan Mountain
Stone tablets are widely distributed cultural relics in Songshan Mountain. There are more than 2,000 inscriptions on Songshan Mountain, and great calligraphers such as Yan Zhenqing, Su Dongpo, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Jing left Mo Bao on the mountain.
The largest inscription on Songshan Mountain is a nine-meter-high Ode to the Sage of Songyang Guanji, which exists on the southwest lawn of Songyang Academy. This tablet was written by Li, Pei Jiong and Xu Haoshu. Carved in February of the third year of Tang Tianbao (AD 744), the monument is 9 meters high, 2.04 meters wide and 1.03 meters thick. This monument is composed of a monument head, a monument body and a monument seat, with a magnificent system and a compact structure. The top of the monument is divided into three layers, and the upper layer is made of two lions playing with beads, which is not only beautiful and generous, but also plays a role in balancing the center of gravity of the monument, making the monument solid and stable. The middle layer of the monument head is wider than the upper layer, the lower layer and the monument body, and the four sides protrude from the monument body by 60 cm, gradually shrinking from top to bottom, slightly arc-shaped, with auspicious cloud relief on it; The first three floors of the monument are straight up and down, and the street is engraved in the middle. There are flying reliefs of Ssangyong on both sides of the front, and Kirin on both sides. Inscribed on the tablet is "Ode to the Virtue of Songyang in Tang Dynasty", with 25 lines of official script, each with 53 words. Inscriptions by Song Xining, Zhang Wan and Xinhai. It is engraved in the shade of the monument, and the inscriptions of Ouyang Yongshu and tourists are written on the back and sides of the monument. The pedestal is rectangular, with carved stones on four sides, the front three and the back three, two on each side and ten * * *. There is a relief warrior statue in each room, holding fish, toads, snakes and other animals in one hand, with different images, but all of them are glaring and protruding abdomen, making a T-step or fighting posture. This stone tablet is hard and delicate, and the carving is extremely exquisite. It is one of the outstanding representative works of Tang stele in China, and it is also the largest existing Tang stele. The beauty of the two houses stands out from the crowd in all directions, so it is called Gao Song.
In the fourth year of Lu, Sima Hou of the State of Jin said, "Taishi is a danger to Kyushu." . Chu Jiaoju (that is, Wu Zixu's grandfather Wu Ju) said: Zhou Youwang is an alliance of the royal family, allowing the emperor to rebel.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty offered sacrifices to Master Zhong Yue.
In the second year of Jin Yongkang, Sima Lun, the king of Zhao, usurped power, and Sima Tong, the king of Qi, set out to beg from Xuchang. Sima Lun was afraid. In the evening, he asked people to put on feather clothes and go to Songshan, pretending to be immortal Wang Qiao, and stating his fate.
Yongjia three years, Liu Yuan sent his son Liu Cong to Luoyang, Liu Congqin prayed for Songshan, led the army to encircle Luo Zhong, and Luo Zhong took advantage of his weakness to join the army, and suffered a crushing defeat.
In the eighth year of Taichang in Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Tuoba Si of Northern Wei Yuan entered Luoyang and sent envoys to Gaosong Temple. In the twentieth year of Taihe, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, TaBaHong, offered sacrifices to Gao Song. In Yongping, the Songshan-shaped resort was chosen, and Yuanke, Xuan Wudi in the Northern Wei Dynasty, built a hidden temple. Xu Yuan, Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty, traveled in Gaosong, the Empress Dowager Hu, for two years. In the second year of Yongxi, Xiu Yuan, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, ascended the throne in Gaosong.
At the beginning of Yongchun, Tang Gaozong built the Fengtian Palace in Shannan. After four years of hanging arch, Wu Zetian named Gao Song the Holy Mountain and the Zen Chamber. In the second year of the holy calendar, Wu Zetian was fortunate in Songshan. The following year, Wu Zetian rejoiced in Songshan.
In the eighth year of Jiading in Song Dynasty, Mongolia was unable to get off the stage. It is because the Songshan path is interesting for Ruzhou, and when it meets a mountain stream, it is connected with iron guns and locked up as a bridge, so it is interesting for Bianjing, and the people of Jin State are shocked.