Keywords: high-speed rail; Road transport; Impact analysis?
1. Overview?
20 14 12 the first high-speed railway in Qinghai province was opened, with a mileage of 218km. As soon as the high-speed railway was opened, it had a great impact on road transportation, which made many road transportation enterprises in a difficult situation. Although the high-speed rail is in its infancy, its prospects are very broad. Before the opening of high-speed rail, highway transportation became the first choice for passengers with strong initiative, accounting for more than 96% of passenger traffic. Highway passenger transport has a high profit and has a favorable development advantage for a long time. However, with the operation of high-speed rail, high-speed rail diverted a large part of medium and long-distance passengers. Trunk lines, intercity and economically developed areas have a great impact on highway transportation, and highway passenger flow has begun to decline. Since the operation of Lanzhou-Qingdao high-speed railway, as of July 12 and 20 15, more than 2 million passengers have been transported throughout the year. The dominant position of Qinghai's highway transportation is gradually losing, but the high-speed rail, which accounts for 0.29% of the highway mileage, has increased the railway passenger traffic by 4 percentage points, and the railway passenger traffic in 15 has increased by 53.9% year-on-year, which is a leap-forward development for Qinghai's railway transportation industry. ?
2. Cause analysis?
Why only 218km high-speed rail will have such a great impact on passenger transport in Qinghai, let's analyze:
1) The development of tourism in Qinghai?
In recent years, Qinghai has ushered in a period of rapid development of tourism. The operation of high-speed rail makes it more convenient for tourists from other provinces to enter and leave Qinghai, and the two have formed a good development model of mutual promotion. ?
2) competition is not dominant?
In the competition with high-speed rail, highway passenger transport is at a disadvantage in long-distance passenger transport and inter-city passenger transport in central China because of its speed and comfort, and it has no competitive advantage. Road passenger transport is market-oriented, and the operating costs such as labor and fuel are rising. Coupled with vehicle depreciation and road construction costs, the road passenger transport industry bears a heavy burden, the profit space is greatly compressed, and the operating cost is high. ?
3) The management concept of highway passenger transport industry is backward and it is difficult to respond quickly. ?
The shortcomings of the road passenger transport industry are "many, small, scattered, chaotic and weak". On the one hand, the long-term lack of competitive market environment makes the management concept of transportation enterprises and passenger stations obsolete and lacks competition consciousness; On the other hand, in recent years, the passenger transport group mainly adopts the contract system monopoly, and talents and management can't respond quickly and accurately. ?
4) The service consciousness of highway passenger transport industry is not strong, and it lacks core competitiveness. ?
After the economy reaches a certain level, people pursue not only the basic replacement function of transportation, but also the additional functions such as comfort, speed and safety. Highway passenger transport lacks industry service awareness and its service concept is very backward, but high-speed rail has done a good job in this respect, such as: introducing aviation services; Graded seats and differentiated pricing; Build a self-service ticketing system and an online ticketing system, and improve the ticket checking method so that different customers have different choices. ?
3. Comparison between high-speed rail and road transportation?
In short and medium-distance transportation, highway transportation is flexible, with wide coverage, and has the function of "door-to-door" direct transportation, which is suitable for the branch nodes of road network that high-speed rail does not have and is weak. Highway transportation should seize this main advantage, extend the tentacles of highway transportation to the branches and capillaries in the road network, and make the original advantageous areas better with the help of highway passenger transport and bus optimization services. In the medium and long-distance transportation, influenced by economies of scale, railway transportation has stronger advantages, especially high-speed rail is more accepted and favored by people in the medium and long-distance transportation because of its low price, safety and comfort, high punctuality rate and little influence by climate and weather. For the branch lines that the high-speed rail can't reach, road transportation should find blank spots to fill the gaps and play the role of road transportation. Roads and railways should give full play to their respective advantages, complement each other and connect seamlessly, covering all routes such as short and medium distances, trunk lines and feeder lines, cities and villages, dense points and blank points, economically developed areas and underdeveloped areas. ?
4. What measures should be taken for highway passenger transport?
Facing the challenge of high-speed rail, Qinghai highway passenger transport enterprises should take the initiative to make adjustments and change the original development strategy. ?
1) Recognize the positioning and take the initiative to adjust. ?
First of all, highway transportation should give full play to its own advantages such as flexibility and direct access, and expand the market scope that railways cannot radiate. Don't do useless work on the trunk line, stick to the short and medium position. At the same time, we set our sights on the vast rural areas. Sub-industry, while doing fine. ?
2) Adapt to the new normal and integrate the industry. ?
Facing the sweeping trend of high-speed rail, the highway passenger transport industry should "change its thinking, recognize the reality, take the initiative to adjust and subdivide industries", and the highway passenger transport industry must gather strength, integrate industries and implement alliances. In order to survive and develop in the competition, it is necessary to integrate resources and make the highway transportation industry develop in the direction of specialization, intensification and scale. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust the capacity allocation and reduce the number of trunk vehicles parallel to the high-speed rail line. ?
3) Connect high-speed rail and node traffic. ?
Highway passenger transport should do a good job in the "head" and "tail" of the railway, make up for the weak links of the high-speed rail, and take the initiative to connect passengers with the traffic treatment before boarding the high-speed rail and after getting off the high-speed rail. Give full play to the advantages of large coverage, door-to-door service and flexibility of highway passenger transport network, do short distance, do fine midway, do long distance, mainly short distance, supplemented by medium and long distance, share social passenger transport, and create business advantages with highway passenger transport characteristics. On the one hand, it serves high-speed rail as an extension tool of high-speed rail in cities; On the other hand, it is necessary to improve competitiveness, increase passenger service outlets and expand the coverage of passenger stations. Passenger stations should be set according to the characteristics of passenger flow, and node transportation should be implemented to improve the convenience of passengers. ?
4) Optimize services and routes. ?
Highway passenger transport enterprises still need to improve their service level and increase their competitiveness, and provide more value-added services while realizing the traditional replacement function. Attract more tourists with the best service and humanized management. At the same time, optimize the road route and realize the maximum benefit with limited cost. Reduce unnecessary expenses, locate short and medium distances, and base on urban and rural areas. ?
5) Open up new profit points and lead the regional tourism traffic in Qinghai. ?
In 20 15, the number of domestic and foreign tourists in our province exceeded 20 million, nearly four times that of the permanent population in Qinghai province. This is both a challenge and an opportunity. Based on the advantages of Qinghai regional tourism, vigorously develop tourism. Qinghai passenger transport enterprises should explore the development of tourist passenger transport business and car rental business, such as tourist special lines and tourist chartered cars, and explore diversified development to meet this opportunity. ?
5. concluding remarks?
High-speed rail is the objective need and product of China's rapid economic and social development, and it is also the concrete embodiment of people-oriented. High-speed rail and highway transportation have certain competition and substitution relations, but what is more important is a relationship of development, mutual promotion and complementary combination. Building an efficient comprehensive transportation system in China requires the cooperation of high-speed rail transportation and highway transportation. Facing the needs of the Internet age, the two should go hand in hand and complement each other. Facing the construction of urban traffic integration, it is necessary to have both the high-speed efficiency of high-speed rail and the well-connected and well-organized road coordination. ?