Ticks are also called ticks, commonly known as grass scorpions and grass scorpions. Hibernate on the grass and plants in shallow mountains, and love to hide behind tea. It is the size of a grain of rice when it is not sucking blood, and it is the size of a fingernail when it is full of blood. The anaplasmosis caused by tick bites is an infectious disease, and people are generally susceptible to infection. Medical staff or their caregivers who have close contact with critically ill patients and direct contact with body fluids such as patients' blood may also be infected if they do not pay attention to protection. [ 1]? Edit the shape of this section. The tick's body is oval. When it doesn't suck blood, its abdomen is flat and its back is slightly raised. The adult body length is 2 ~10 mm; After full of blood, it swells like red beans or castor beans, and the largest one can be as long as 30 mm. The surface is leathery and the back is covered with a shell shield. Insects are divided into jaws and bodies. The jaws of Ixodes, also called pseudoheads, are located at the front end of the body and can be seen from the back. It consists of jaw base, claw limb, mouth plate and whisker limb. The jaw base is connected with the front end of the body and is a well-defined ossification area, which is hexagonal, rectangular or square; Female ticks have 1 holes on the back of the jaw base, which have the function of sensing and secreting body fluids to help lay eggs. 1 Pliers protruding from the center of the back of the jaw base are important needles. The subglottal plate 1 is located on the ventral surface of the claw limb and forms the oral cavity when it is closed with the claw limb. There are inverted teeth on the ventral surface of the sublingual plate, which is an attached organ fixed in the skin of the host when sucking blood. Both sides of the forceps limb are whisker limbs, which are composed of four segments. The fourth section is very short and embedded in a small depression on the ventral surface at the end of the third section. The body is bag-shaped, mostly brown and symmetrical on both sides. The shield of the male tick's back covers almost the whole back, while the shield of the female tick only occupies a part of the front of the back. Some ticks form different floral decorations on the rear edge of the shield, which are called floral colors. There are four pairs of feet on the ventral surface, and each foot has six joints, namely basal joint, trochanteric joint, femoral joint, tibial joint, posterior tarsal joint and tarsal joint. There is usually a distance on the base node. There is Haller's organ at the proximal end of the dorsal edge of tarsal joint of foot ⅰ, which has olfactory function, and there are 1 opposite claw and 1 cushioned intermaxillary process at the end. The genital foramen is located in the first half of the ventral surface, often on the horizontal line of the second and third pairs of basal ganglia of the foot. The anus is located at the back of the body, often with anal groove. A pair of valves, located at the back and outside of the ⅳ base joint of the foot, with a wide valve plate. There are chitin plates on the ventral surface of male ticks, and the number of bases varies with tick species. Tick's jaw is on the ventral side of the body, but it can't be seen from the back. An imperforate area on the back of the base of the jaw. There is no shield on the back of the body, and the surface of the body is mostly granular warts or shriveled discs. The valve plate is small and located in the front and upper part of the foundation section Ⅳ. The genital foramen is located in front of the ventral surface, and the sexual characteristics are not significant. The anus is located in the middle or further back of the body, and some ticks still have anterior anal groove, posterior middle anal groove and posterior transverse anal groove, which are located in the front and rear of the anus respectively. There is no spur in each basal ganglia. Although tarsal bones have claws, there is no claw pad. There is a basal ganglia opening between the basal ganglia ⅰ and ⅱ of adult foot and nymphae foot. The secretion of glandular fluid in basal ganglia can regulate the composition of water, electrolyte and hemolymph. When sucking blood, pathogens will also pollute the wound of the host with the secretion of basal ganglia fluid, causing infection, such as some kinds of ticks. Edit this life history. The development process of ticks can be divided into four stages: egg, larva, nymph and adult. After sucking blood, adults mate and land, crawling in grass roots, roots, barns and other places. And lay eggs in cracks on the surface. Female ticks dry up and die after laying eggs, and male ticks can mate several times in their lives. Eggs are spherical or oval, about 0.5 ~ 1 mm in size, yellowish to brown in color, and often piled up in clusters. Under suitable conditions, eggs can hatch into larvae within 2 ~ 4 weeks. The larva looks like a nymph, but its body is small and it has three pairs of feet. Larvae molt into nymph after 1 ~ 4 weeks. There is only one stage for Ixodes nymphs, and 1 ~ 6 stages for Soft Ticks nymphs. Nymphs have four pairs of feet and no reproductive holes. Then feed on the host, molt 1 ~ 4 weeks after landing and become an adult. The time required for Ixodes to complete the first generation life history varies from 2 months to 3 years. Most ticks take six months to two years. The life span of Ixodes ranges from 1 month to dozens of months. Due to repeated blood feeding and spawning, the adult life of ticks is generally 5-6 years to several decades. Ticks have undergone host changes in their life history, which can be divided into four types according to the number of host changes: ① Single host ticks: female ticks lay eggs on the ground when they are full of blood. For example, ticks of cattle. (2) Double-host ticks: larvae develop into nymphs in one host, and adults parasitize in another host. Such as broken glass balls. ③ Three-host ticks: larvae, nymphs and adults are parasitic on three hosts respectively. Such as Ixodes persulcatus and dust mites on grassland. More than 90% of Ixodes are three-host ticks, and most of the important vectors of tick-borne diseases are three-host ticks. ④ Multi-host ticks: larvae, nymphs and adults of all ages. Before laying eggs, female ticks need to look for host parasites to suck blood, and leave after each full blood. Soft ticks are usually multi-host ticks. The ecological spawning grounds and breeding grounds in this section mainly live in forests, bushes, open pastures, grasslands and mountainous soil. Soft ticks mostly inhabit barns of livestock, caves of wild animals, nests and crevices of human houses. Female ticks lay eggs after fertilization and blood feeding, and Ixodes lay eggs once in their lives, and both of them are produced within 4 ~ 40 days after blood saturation, which can produce hundreds to thousands, depending on species. Soft ticks can lay eggs many times in their lifetime, 50 ~ 200 at a time, with a total of thousands. Blood-sucking habits Larvae, nymph and male and female adults of ticks all suck blood. Hosts include terrestrial mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and some species invade the human body. Most species of ticks have a wide range of hosts. For example, Ixodes persulcatus parasitizes 200 species of mammals, 120 species of birds and a few reptiles, and can invade the human body. This is of great epidemiological significance. Ixodes generally invade the host during the day, and it takes a long time to suck blood, usually for several days. Soft ticks attack the host at night, and the blood-sucking time is short, usually from a few minutes to 1 hour. Ticks suck a lot of blood, which can swell several times to dozens of times in each development period, and the female Ixodes can even reach more than 100 times. Host relationship ticks are often selectively located in the parasitic parts of the host, generally in the parts where the skin is thin and not easily scratched. For example, Ixodes persulcatus parasitizes in the neck, behind the ears, armpits, inner thighs, genitals, groin and other parts of animals or people. Most ticks are parasitic on the neck and chest of cattle, followed by the scapula. Most of the Persian sharp ticks are parasitic on the wings and armpits of poultry. Distribution and activity Ixodes are mostly distributed in open natural environments, such as forests, shrubs, grasslands and semi-desert areas. The distribution of different tick species is related to climate, soil, vegetation and host. For example, the whole ditch ticks are mostly found in high-latitude coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest belts, grassland ticks live in semi-desert grasslands, and small cattle ticks are distributed in agricultural areas. Different kinds of ticks in the same area adapt to different environments. For example, there are more ticks in Heilongjiang forest than in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, while blood ticks in grassland are more common in meadows in forest areas. Soft ticks inhabit hidden places, including caves, nests and crevices where people and animals live. Ways for ticks to find their hosts: Ticks have a keen sense of smell and are sensitive to animal sweat and carbon dioxide. When they are away from the host 15m, they can perceive that they are waiting from passive to active, and climb up as soon as they touch the host. For example, Ixodes persulcatus, which lives in forest areas, usually gather at the tips of grass and shrub branches and leaves on both sides of the path when looking for a host, and climb onto the host when the host passes by and contacts with it; Yadong ticks, which inhabit desert areas, mostly move on the ground and take the initiative to find their hosts. Ticks that inhabit livestock pens often climb walls and wooden posts on the ground to find their hosts. Ticks have a small range of activities, usually tens of meters. Host activities, especially the seasonal migration of migratory birds, play an important role in the spread of ticks. Seasonal fluctuation and overwintering temperature, humidity, soil, photoperiod, vegetation and host can all affect the seasonal fluctuation and activity of ticks. In warm areas, most kinds of ticks are active in spring, summer and autumn. For example, the adults of Ixodes persulcatus are active from April to August, and the peak period is from May to early June. Larvae and nymph have a long active season, which lasts from early April to September-10. Generally, there are two peaks, the main peak is in June-July and the second peak is in August-September. In hot areas, some species are active in autumn, winter and spring, such as the residual glass-eyed tick. Soft ticks are mostly in the nest of the host, so they can be active all year round. Ticks mostly overwinter in habitats, and Ixodes can overwinter in animal caves, clods, litter layers or hosts. Soft ticks mainly overwinter near the host's residence. The wintering period varies from species to species. Some insects can overwinter at various stages, such as most species of Ixodes; Some overwinter as adults, such as all species of dermatophytes; Some overwinter with nymphs and adults, such as some species of haemaphysalis and soft ticks; Some overwinter with nymphs, such as the residual edge glass-eyed tick; Some overwinter as larvae, such as ticks. Edit Ixodes persulcatus, an important tick species. Ixodes persulcatus has a brown shield, slender cylindrical whiskers, and blunt teeth on the base of the jaw. The anal groove is inverted U-shaped in front of the anus, and the internal distance of the ⅰ base segment of the foot is slender. It is a typical forest tick species and the dominant species of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Adults move from April to June, and larvae and nymphs appear at 4- 10. Three-host ticks completed their first generation development within three years. Overwintering with non-bloodsucking larvae, nymphs and adults. Adults are parasitic on large mammals and often attack people; Larvae and nymph are parasitic on small mammals and birds. Distributed in northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Tibet and other places. It is the main vector of forest encephalitis in China, which can spread Q fever and tick-borne rickettsia in North Asia (also known as Siberian tick-borne typhus). The leather tick shield has enamel spots, eyes and marginal sieve. The whisker limb is wide and short, the jaw base is rectangular, and the dorsal distance of joint ⅰ of foot is short and round. It is a typical grassland species, mostly inhabiting the arid and semi-desert grassland zone. Adult ticks are active in spring, and young ticks and nymphs appear in summer and autumn. It is a three-host tick, which has one generation a year and overwinters as an adult. Adults parasitize large mammals and sometimes attack people; Larvae and nymph are parasitic on various rodents. Distributed in northeast, north, northwest and Tibet of China. It is the main vector for North Asian ticks to spread rickettsia, and it can also spread brucellosis. The shield of the Asian glass-eyed fly is reddish-brown, with eyes and marginal sieve bones. Its beard is long and cylindrical, and the second section is obviously elongated. The foot is light yellow, and there are obvious light-colored rings at each joint; The neck groove of the male worm is obviously deep groove, and the valve plate is tubular. Habitat in desert or semi-desert areas. Adults appear in spring and summer. It is a three-host tick, which has about one generation a year and overwinters mainly as an adult. Adults are mainly parasitic on domestic animals such as camels and can also attack people. Larvae and nymph are parasitic on small wild animals. Distributed in Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Northwest China. It is the vector of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever. The body surface of the bird beak dragon is granular, and the posterior transverse groove of anus intersects with the posterior middle groove of anus at almost right angles (Figure 19-5). Living in desert and semi-desert areas. Multi-host ticks inhabit caves or caves of small and medium-sized mammals. Parasitic on foxes, rabbits, voles, hedgehogs and other small and medium-sized mammals, it often attacks people. Distributed in Xinjiang and Shanxi, spreading relapsing fever and Q fever. Editing this relationship with the disease directly hurts ticks, and ticks can't feel pain when biting and sucking blood. However, due to the simultaneous penetration of claws and oral plates into the skin of the host, it can cause local congestion, edema, acute inflammatory reaction and secondary infection. The neurotoxin secreted by saliva of some Ixodes in the process of biting and sucking blood can cause motor fiber conduction disorder of the host, cause ascending muscle paralysis, and lead to respiratory failure and death, which is called tick paralysis. More common in children. If it can be found in time, the ticks will be removed and the symptoms will be eliminated. Human cases of this disease have been reported in Northeast China and Shanxi. Infectious disease (1) forest encephalitis: it is an acute infectious disease of nervous system caused by forest encephalitis virus, and it is a natural focus disease in forest areas. Ixodes persulcatus is the main vector tick species in China. The virus can be preserved in ticks for a long time, passed on to the next generation or the third and fourth generations through metamorphosis and eggs, and can overwinter in ticks. The disease mostly occurs in May-August, mainly distributed in the forest areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in China, and the patients are mainly loggers. In addition, cases have also occurred in Sichuan, Hebei, Xinjiang, Yunnan and other provinces. ⑵ Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever: It is a tick-borne acute infectious disease and a natural focus disease in desert pasture. The pathogen is tick-borne RNA virus. Sheep and Tarim rabbits in epidemic areas are the main sources of infection, and patients in acute stage can also be infected. The vector is mainly ticks, and the pathogen can be preserved in ticks for several months and spread through eggs. The disease is not only transmitted by ticks, but also infected by sheep blood through skin wounds and after medical personnel contact with fresh blood of acute patients. It is prevalent in Xinjiang, China, and the patients are mainly herders, with the peak incidence in April-May. (3) Tick-borne relapsing fever: also known as endemic relapsing fever, is the natural focus of leptospirosis transmitted by ticks, with irregular intermittent fever as the main clinical feature. The disease is prevalent in Xinjiang, China, and its pathogen is Spirogyra persica in towns and villages in southern Xinjiang, and ticks with blunt mastoid edges are the transmission media. The wild type of northern Xinjiang is Plasmodium latishevi, and ticks with blunt edges are the transmission vectors. Pathogens can be transmitted through eggs. Ticks with blunt mastoid edges can be transmitted through eggs for 8 generations and can be preserved for 14 years. Animals are mainly infected by rodents, and patients can also be used as the source of infection of this disease. ⑷ Lyme disease: It was first discovered in Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province 1985 in the summer. The pathogen is Borrelia B.burgdorferi, which is a natural focus disease transmitted by Ixodes, and it mostly occurs in spring and summer. Ixodes persulcatus is the main vector in China, and some small wild rodents are the storage hosts. The disease is widely distributed, and cases have been reported in more than 20 countries on five continents. It has been confirmed that the disease is prevalent in 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. ⑸Q fever: The pathogen is Kirks berghei tick. The clinical feature of this disease is sudden onset. It is often spread between wild animals (rodents) and livestock, and cattle and sheep are the main sources of Q fever. The mode of infection is mainly transmitted through respiratory inhalation, but also through the bite of digestive tract and ticks and fecal pollution of wounds. Pathogens can exist in ticks for a long time and spread through eggs. For example, ticks with blunt mastoid edges can store pathogens for 2 ~ 10 years. The disease is distributed all over the world, and Q fever has been diagnosed in more than ten provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. Natural infections were found in endemic areas, such as Urtica minuta, Rhinococcus yadongensis and Haemaphysalis minimus. (6) North Asian tick-borne rickettsia: also known as Siberian tick-borne typhus. The pathogen is Rickettsia sibirica. Small rodents are the main source of infection, while Dermatophagoides marginatus is the main vector. This pathogen can be transmitted through eggs and can survive in ticks for 2 years. Pathogens can be infected by tick bites or tick feces pollution. This disease is found in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang. (7) Bacterial diseases: Ticks can spread some bacterial diseases, such as plague, brucellosis and hare fever. Ticks can preserve some pathogenic bacteria for a long time and spread through eggs. For example, Yersinia pestis can be preserved for 509 days in grassland tick adults; Thermobacillus rabbit can survive for 200 ~ 700 days in Lahorella, so ticks play a role in preserving the natural foci of these diseases. (8) Heteromorphism: Mites will spread a kind of "phagocytic cell anaplasma", which will reduce platelets and white blood cells. Therefore, the industry calls this disease "anaplasmosis". But so far, only the United States and Europe have isolated pathogens from tick bites. Edit the precautionary principle in this paragraph 1. Environmental prevention and control grassland adopts grassland rotation grazing and grassland isolation to kill ticks. Combine reclamation, remove weeds and shrubs, clean livestock pens, block holes, and prevent ticks from breeding; Kill rodents. 2. Chemical control of ticks can be sprayed with dichlorvos, malathion and fenitrothion. The use of BHC aerosol in forest areas has achieved good results, and livestock can kill ticks regularly through medicinal bath. (bhc should be a banned pesticide. Personal protection When entering the area with ticks, you should put on five tight clothes, stockings and boots, and wear a protective cap. Exposed parts should be coated with repellent, and they should check each other when leaving, so as not to take ticks out of the epidemic area. ● Insect control Because ticks mainly inhabit grasslands and forests, it is best to spray mosquito repellent on bare skin when going out to play, and try to avoid sitting and lying in the wild for a long time. Pay attention to personal protection and wear tight, light-colored and smooth long-sleeved clothes. Ticks often attach to the scalp, waist, armpit, groin, ankle and other parts of the human body. ● Insect removal If ticks are found to be attached to the body, they should be removed immediately with tools such as tweezers. Because ticks may contain infectious pathogens, do not directly remove ticks by hand or crush them with your fingers. Edit the clinical features of this paragraph. 1. Etiology: It is caused by the mouthparts of Ixodes or Soft Ticks penetrating into the skin. 2. Rash features: edematous papules or nodules, redness, blisters or ecchymosis, and insect bite marks in the center. Ticks can sometimes be found. Third, conscious symptoms: itching or pain. Tick paralysis: it is caused by neurotoxin in tick saliva, which is common in children. It shows acute ascending paralysis and can die of respiratory failure. Five, tick bite fever: ticks have fever, chills, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms a few days after sucking blood. Edit the preventive measures in this paragraph 1. If you find it, don't take it out yourself. Go to the hospital in time. The doctor will disinfect around the wound, anesthetize the ticks on the wound under anesthesia, and then gently twist them when the ticks are completely anesthetized. ) 2. When the tick drills its head into the skin, its head is pulled tighter and tighter, and it is easy to leave its head in the skin. If it is taken out by itself, it is easy to continue to be infected. It is extremely troublesome to go to the hospital to get the head again. If you are bitten by a bug, you can't kill it at once. Insects should blow him away, otherwise the toxin will be even bigger. 4. Prevention and treatment of ticks: First, when you find ticks that stay on the skin, don't tear them hard to prevent secondary skin damage caused by tearing tissue or broken mouthparts. Chloroform, ether, kerosene, turpentine or dry tobacco can be applied to the head of ticks until they naturally fall off from the skin. Second, disinfect the wound. If the mouth breaks into the skin, it should be removed by surgery. Third, 0.5% procaine was partially blocked around the wound. Fourth, symptoms of systemic poisoning can be given antihistamines and corticosteroids. When fever and paralysis of ticks are found, besides supporting treatment, corresponding symptomatic treatment and timely rescue should be carried out. Personal protection: wear protective clothing when entering the area where ticks are infested, and tighten the trouser legs, cuffs and neckline. Exposed parts should be rubbed with insect repellent (DEET, DEET, Peucedanum peucedanum volatile oil), or clothes should be soaked with insect repellent. Check with each other when you leave, and don't take ticks home. [2] Edit this infected case. Many villagers in Shangcheng County, Henan Province died after being bitten by insects. The villagers were bitten by lice. At first, they had a high fever, then their platelets and white blood cells dropped sharply, and finally they died of multiple organ failure. In the summer of 20 10, many people were bitten to death by a bug called ticks in Shangcheng County, Henan Province, causing panic among villagers. It is understood that there were deaths in the local area last year, but this year there were many deaths, which became the "hardest hit area" for ticks. At present, the pathogen has not been isolated in China, and its transmission route is not clear. International research only knows that the virus carried by ticks can infect human cells, leading to a sharp decline in human platelets and white blood cells, which is contagious. The reporter's investigation found that since last year, there has been a misdiagnosis of ticks in the primary hospitals in Shangcheng County. The villagers reported that some hospital medical staff did not deal with the disease in accordance with the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases. During the investigation, the health departments of Xinyang City and Shangcheng County all indicated that they could not provide the specific number of suspected cases and epidemic situation. Local villagers believe that only information disclosure can stop panic. Wu Dezheng curled up in bed, and the 73-year-old Chinese doctor kept twitching. He held out his hand as if to grab something, and intermittently shouted, "Oh, my God, I hurt ..." He had a high fever, coughing up blood, vomiting and diarrhea, and his platelets and white blood cells were decreasing. After groaning for three or four days, multiple organ functions failed one after another. On June 1 1, Wu Dezheng died, leaving behind a video of his son's struggle and a large number of medical books. Before his death, Wu Dezheng was diagnosed as "fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome", which was caused by tick bites. Poisonous insects appeared in Shangcheng County, Henan Province. Yang Fu, director of Nanchong Village in Fushan Township, told reporters that Shangcheng County is the hardest hit area for ticks. There should be hundreds of people bitten in the county, and many cases have died. How do ticks enter the human body? Ticks generally appear in mountainous areas with plants and animals. Not every tick carries a pathogen. There are similar ticks in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, Dabie Mountain, which are generally transmitted to people through animals or plants. Not all ticks carry pathogens. When they were young, they were often found in poultry and cattle. When they are born, ticks are very small, just like dust spots under fingernails. It's not easy to find. I personally know that this kind of tick usually doesn't easily enter people's bodies. It will roll to the ground through skin contact and blood sucking, and eventually the blood in the body will become round. This kind of blood can be digested by ticks for at least a few days, so ticks can easily enter the human body to suck blood through contact between animals and people. It was once found in students in Zaohe Village, Tiechong Township, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province in Dabie Mountain area, and it was very small and difficult to be found. This tick will also survive. Usually, people who have been sucked with blood will have erythema, which is particularly itchy. People will scratch the affected area for a long time, which will lead to infection. I had this experience when I was a child. Dew is easy to appear in spring and autumn, and there are many such ticks on my legs when I walk on the road at dawn in the morning. If there is a similar situation, don't worry, find a clearing to sit down and crush ticks with your thumb nails. If you find a bite, check the affected area and remove ticks in time. [3] This summer, in Shangcheng County, Henan Province, many people were killed by a bug called ticks, which caused panic among the villagers. It is understood that there were deaths in the local area last year, but this year there were many deaths, which became the "hardest hit area" for ticks. How can a small tick kill people? How to prevent and deal with ticks after they are found? Acari ticks belong to Acari, ticksuperfamily. Adult worms have shield plates on their backs and strong crusting ability, commonly known as Ixodes, belonging to Ixodes; Commonly known as soft ticks without shields, they belong to the family of soft ticks. About 800 species have been found in the world, including about 700 species of Ixodidae, about 150 species of soft ticks and about 1 species of nano ticks. There are about 100 species of Ixodidae recorded in China, and about 10 species of Ixodidae. Tick is a temporary parasite on the body surface of many vertebrates, and it is the transmission medium and storage host of some human and animal diseases. Damage 1. It's about the size of a nail. After landing on a person, drill into the body and drill into the brain. 2. After a tick bites a person, it will emit an anesthetic. When it buries its head in the skin to suck blood, it will secrete a substance that can be harmful to the human body. Enter the human body and take it out in time. If it is not taken out in time: if it is light, the patient will itch unbearable in rainy weather a few years later. In severe cases, persistent high fever, deep coma and convulsions can cause forest encephalitis. There are two patients on TV. The first patient took out his head and left it on his skin. After the cure, he was paralyzed and unable to stand on his own feet. Clinical characteristics of tick bite injury: 1. Etiology: It is caused by the mouthparts of Ixodes or Soft Ticks penetrating into the skin. 2. Rash features: edematous papules or nodules, redness, blisters or ecchymosis, and insect bite marks in the center. Ticks can sometimes be found. Third, conscious symptoms: itching or pain. Tick paralysis: it is caused by neurotoxin in tick saliva, which is common in children. It shows acute ascending paralysis and can die of respiratory failure. Five, tick bite fever: fever, chills, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms within a few days after blood sucking. Prevention 1, if found, don't take it out by yourself and go to the hospital in time. The doctor will disinfect around the wound, anesthetize the ticks on the wound under anesthesia, and then gently twist them when the ticks are completely anesthetized. ) 2. When the tick drills its head into the skin, the head is pulled tighter and tighter, and it is easy to leave the head in the skin to continue infection when it is taken out by itself. It is extremely troublesome to go to the hospital to get the head again. If you are bitten by a bug, you can't kill it at once. Insects should blow him away, otherwise the toxin will be even bigger. 4. Prevention and treatment of ticks: First, when you find ticks that stay on the skin, don't tear them hard to prevent secondary skin damage caused by tearing tissue or broken mouthparts. Chloroform, ether, kerosene, turpentine or dry tobacco can be applied to the head of ticks until they naturally fall off from the skin. Second, disinfect the wound. If the mouth breaks into the skin, it should be removed by surgery. Third, 0.5% procaine was partially blocked around the wound. Fourth, symptoms of systemic poisoning can be given antihistamines and corticosteroids. When fever and paralysis of ticks are found, besides supporting treatment, corresponding symptomatic treatment and timely rescue should be carried out. Personal protection: wear protective clothing when entering the area where ticks are infested, and tighten the trouser legs, cuffs and neckline. Exposed parts should be rubbed with insect repellent (DEET, DEET, Peucedanum peucedanum volatile oil), or clothes should be soaked with insect repellent. Check with each other when you leave, and don't take ticks home.