Economical society; Circular economy; Sustainable development; Wuhai mining area
In recent years, the coal industry in Wuhai City has made great progress, the coal output has been increasing, the production technology has been continuously improved, and the safety production conditions in coal mines have been gradually improved. The development of coal industry has played an important role in supporting the rapid economic development of our city.
Coal is both a resource industry and a high-risk industry. 96% of the coal mines in Wuhai City use underground production and operation, with deep mining depth, many disasters such as water, fire, coal dust, gas, roof and rock burst, and it is difficult for coal mine management and safe production. The deep-seated contradictions left over from the long-term planned economic system are intertwined with the new problems in the economic transition period. There are still some outstanding problems in the development of coal industry, such as unreasonable structure, extensive growth mode, low level of science and technology, frequent safety accidents, low utilization rate of resources, lagging environmental governance and many problems left over from history. With the rapid development of economy and the increasing demand for coal, the pressure on coal mine safety, resources and environment will further increase. In the important strategic process of promoting all-round economic and social development, how to integrate resources and environmental factors into the economic development process and change the traditional economic growth and development model is an important forward-looking problem that coal enterprises urgently need to solve.
1 Circular economy is the only way for the development of coal industry.
Circular economy is the abbreviation of material closed-loop flow economy and resource circular economy. It is a feedback process that follows the law of material cycle and energy flow in natural ecosystem and organizes human economic activities into a closed material energy cycle of "resources-production-consumption-renewable resources" efficiently and orderly. The purpose is to realize low exploitation, high utilization and low emission, make maximum use of materials and energy entering the production and consumption system, improve the quality and efficiency of economic operation, and realize the coordination between economic development and resource and environmental protection. Wuhai is a new resource-based industrial city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the small triangle area centered on Wuhai is an important coal industrial base in the autonomous region. In recent years, with the rapid development of regional economy, the problems of resource consumption and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent, and the traditional economic growth mode of high consumption, high pollution and extensive management needs to be changed urgently. According to the latest investigation report on the development, utilization and supporting capacity of mineral resources in Wuhai city in 2005, the exploitable mineral resources in Wuhai city are not optimistic. Wuhai administrative area is narrow, coal resources are limited, similar industries in surrounding areas develop rapidly, disorderly competition, waste of resources and the task of sustainable development is very arduous. Therefore, it is necessary to develop circular economy and realize "reduction, reuse and recycling" of resources, so as to rationally develop and make full use of various natural resources, promote the transformation of resource utilization mode from extensive to intensive, and the transformation of economic growth mode from extensive to intensive and beneficial, so as to achieve the purpose of improving comprehensive economic benefits. In recent years, Wuhai City has made breakthrough progress in coal-electricity conversion and coal chemical industry, which has a certain scale. But the vast majority of industrial enterprises are processing industries, and there are few manufacturing industries. Most of them are from extensive economic, which consumes a lot of resources and energy, the process is simple and backward, and the pollutant discharge is large. The energy consumption, material consumption and pollutant discharge per 10,000 yuan of output value are in the forefront of the autonomous region. In addition, the unreasonable industrial layout has not only failed to improve the environmental quality and ecological conditions, but also aggravated and deteriorated. Therefore, it is urgent to seek a new development model to realize the sustainable development of Wuhai economy. Guiding Wuhai coal production with circular economy theory is an ideal way to realize sustainable development.
The coal resources in our city are 2.49 billion tons, the reserves in developed areas are11000000 tons, and the recoverable reserves are 760 million tons. The coal resources in undeveloped areas are about 654.38+0 billion t, and the recoverable reserves are 600 million t; The mining reserves of coal resources in the city are 654.38+360 million t * *. If the national economy wants to achieve the goal of rapid development and maintain the existing environmental quality, it has higher requirements for resource productivity and will inevitably face a greater bottleneck in resource development. At the same time, in the development and utilization of coal, due to unreasonable mining, the average recovery rate of coal resources is extremely low, and most of the more than 20 kinds of minerals associated with coal measures are not utilized, resulting in a serious waste of resources. Because coal is a non-renewable disposable energy source, which is irreplaceable, developing circular economy can produce a variety of related products along the coal industry, such as clean coal for coking, coal tar for coal chemical products, comprehensive utilization of coal, slime and coal gangue for power generation, coal gangue, fly ash, cinder building materials, road construction, land reclamation and beautifying the ecological environment. , to achieve comprehensive utilization. Therefore, in order to give full play to the greater utility of coal resources, we must vigorously develop circular economy, establish a big energy concept, rationally optimize the upstream and downstream production factors in the industrial chain, and make coal, electric power, coking, building materials and other industries belong to the same interest subject, so as to improve the utilization efficiency and value content of resources and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises on a larger scale and at a higher level.
2 Wuhai City, the basic conditions for the development of circular economy in the coal industry
In recent years, Wuhai Coal Industry, under the guidance of the development strategy of "coal-based and diversified management", has put the development of the enterprise in a broader space, integrated most of the resources in the mining area through mergers and acquisitions, alliances, asset restructuring, etc., and initially formed a relatively perfect industrial base for developing circular economy in Wuhai Mining Area. Over the years, the city has built coal preparation plants and coking plants, giving full play to the advantages of rich resources and complete coal types, and gradually expanding the production capacity of coal washing and processing, coking and chemical products, creating conditions for local processing of raw coal. Coal enterprises actively develop coal-based pillar industries with great potential, vigorously develop coal-electricity joint venture, extend coal-electricity industrial chain, realize on-site transformation of coal resources, make the industrial structure of coal enterprises develop in the direction of optimization, and provide the most favorable basic conditions for on-site transformation of coal resources and changing coal transportation for power transmission. Some coal enterprises in our city have developed building materials industry, built brick-making and cement projects, and deeply processed coal gangue, power plant fly ash and other wastes discharged from mines, further lengthening the industrial chain and realizing "resource exhaustion". This will further broaden the comprehensive utilization of waste in other industries and realize the maximum output benefit of resources. To sum up, industrial bases such as mining, washing, electric power, coking and building materials have been established in Wuhai mining area. Facing the good development opportunity of the new round of national energy construction, we should conscientiously sum up and learn from the lessons of single product and extensive management in the past decades, unswervingly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, guide Wuhai coal industry construction with the concept of developing circular economy, optimize resource allocation, upgrade industrial level, form a relatively perfect resource recycling circular economy system, and enhance the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development ability of enterprises.
3 Wuhai coal industry to develop circular economy ideas and problems to be solved
In the process of accelerating economic and social construction, the rapid development of national economy has brought unprecedented good development opportunities for coal enterprises. Accelerate the construction of energy base in Wuhai mining area, build a brand-new industrial structure under the guidance of scientific development strategy, optimize the combined resources based on their own conditions, realize the optimal allocation of production factors through the circular flow of "resources-products-renewable resources", and take the civilized development road of production development, affluent life and good ecology.
3. 1 Guiding the construction of Wuhai mining area with scientific development strategy
To formulate the development strategy of Wuhai mining area, we should first consider making full use of the resources, geography, management, technology and other conditions in the mining area, establish an eco-industrial community with improving the efficiency of resource utilization and increasing economic benefits as the core, seek optimal allocation, realize land saving, material exchange and efficiency improvement, realize the exchange of by-products and wastes among members of mining enterprises, gradually utilize energy, and share infrastructure and other facilities, so as to achieve overall good economic and environmental performance. By defining the clear and three-dimensional circular economy outline, we will build a circular economy mining area with comprehensive utilization of resources and take the road of quality and efficiency development. Secondly, it is necessary to determine the development goal of Wuhai mining area, make use of local resources and advantages, and accelerate the development of coal-fired power, coal chemical industry, coal building materials, coal coking, coal gasification and other related industrial chains on the basis of strengthening the main business of coal mining and dressing. According to the preliminary plan, by 20 10, Wuhai's coal output will reach more than 20 million tons, and the installed power capacity will reach 3 million kilowatts. Finally, we should fully consider all kinds of resources that enterprises can use in the future, consider the transformation ability of input resources and the basic quality of mining enterprises, rationally arrange plans, raise funds and optimize the allocation of various production factors around the long-term development direction and objectives of mining areas, so as to make all aspects of enterprises coordinate and work hard in the established direction.
3.2 Build a circular industrial structure of eating and squeezing on the spot.
3.2. 1 Develop the main coal industry and consolidate the foundation of coal production.
Based on large enterprises such as Haibowan Mining Company, Yuda Mining Company and Coal Coke Company, the existing coal mines are upgraded and expanded to realize the scale and modernization of production. At the same time, strengthen the integration of resources, implement low-cost expansion, acquire the mining right of coal resources, expand coal production capacity, and ensure the realization of the development goal of coal main industry through mergers and acquisitions, reorganization of state-owned local coal mines, and transformation of joint township coal mines.
3.2.2 Extend the industrial chain and develop coal-based related industries.
Accelerate the construction of coal washing industry, improve basic production capacity and selection ability, increase coal types and improve economic benefits; Vigorously develop coking industry, produce coking chemical products and increase the added value of products; Accelerate the pace of combining coal and electricity, build power generation projects with comprehensive utilization of inferior coal and large-scale pit-mouth power generation projects, realize local transformation of resources and increase the intensity of transformation; Accelerate the construction of a number of building materials projects, such as brick making with coal gangue, brick making with fly ash and brick making with cement, broaden the ways of resource utilization and realize the exhaustion of production waste.
3.2.3 Transform resource advantages and build a continuous production system.
Convert all kinds of wastes into resources for the next production link, obtain sustainable production efficiency, and turn wastes into treasures. Turn resource advantages into economic advantages and improve the economic benefits of resource utilization. Develop the circular industrial chain of "coal-washing-thermoelectric-building materials", and mix the coal and slime produced by washing and processing with coal gangue for comprehensive utilization of power generation and cogeneration to develop heating; Develop coal-coking-coal chemical recycling industrial chain, deeply process coal tar, crude benzene and other by-products to produce coal chemical products; Construct mine water circulation industrial chain, and comprehensively utilize mine wastewater and coal preparation wastewater in mine production, coal preparation, power generation, life and agriculture; Build a new building materials recycling industrial chain, use coal gangue and fly ash to produce new building materials such as mining blocks, standard bricks and pavement bricks, and carry out land reclamation.