Hangbang Opera, also known as Wulin Class, is a local opera in Hangzhou, which originated from Xuanbao Volume. Xuanjuan began in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and was popular in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The melody of the spiral volume is called the spiral volume, and there is no instrument accompaniment. Only wooden fish play, and one person sings solo. At the end of the chorus, "There is no Amitabha in the south" to persuade people to be kind. Because of the popularity of tunes and lyrics, it is easily accepted by the public. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, it had become a self-entertaining rap form for silk weavers in Hangzhou, and gradually became popular inside and outside Hangzhou.

In 12 (1923), Xuan Juan's lovers and silk weavers Qiu, Fang Jipeng, Jiang Jinfang, Jin, Zhao Bingquan, etc. Put Xuanjuan's singing skills on the stage, set up a folk music club, elected He Pinsan as the monitor, and rehearsed "The oil seller monopolizes a flower girl" adapted from a folk story in Hangzhou. In addition to recitation, the tune also uses the singing voice of "dressing table" in Yin Qing, Yangzhou, with huqin, sanxian, gong and drum board. 13 1 performed in Hangzhou World Entertainment Center, which was very popular and was called a makeup announcement. Because Hangzhou was called Wulin in ancient times, it was named Wulin class, which was the embryonic form of Hangzhou Gang Opera.

After the birth of folk music club, some book lovers also organized class associations. In order to compete, we should attack our advantages. There are also those who specialize in martial arts, such as Yuanyuan class; There are singers who focus on singing, such as the stage of virtue. Performance, makeup, literary field and martial arts field all follow the procedures of Beijing Opera and Yang Opera. In the Republic of China 14 (1925), the Folk Music Society performed in Shanghai World Amusement Park. With the gradual expansion of the influence of Wulin class, four classes have toured in Shanghai and southern Jiangsu, making their debut in Jiangsu and Zhejiang water towns. People of insight among artists think that it is not correct to imitate Beijing Opera and Yang Opera blindly. Jiang Baoer first started with singing, chose the tune of Manjianghong to improve it, and absorbed the elements of Wandering Soul Tune and Xuanjuandiao, and gradually evolved into a beautiful and beautiful Continental Plate. Actors are scrambling to learn to sing, and after continuous processing, they have become the basic vocals of mainland plates with their own characteristics. At the same time, the dressing table singing of Yangju Opera has evolved into the basic tone of flat and even tones, while the original spiral tone has developed into a big classic and a small classic tone, and later some popular folk songs have been absorbed to make it more local. After the formation of the basic aria, musician Jin Xiaolong developed the accompaniment method of Master Hu in Yuanyang Opera, adopted continuous bow performance, and improved Master Hu, forming a soft and dignified voice of Master Hu in Hangzhou Opera. Musicians Baoyuan Wang and Jin Xueqin, in order to enhance the accompaniment effect of the main Hutton bow, chose Xiao Sanxian to roll with a long sound, and they cooperated tacitly to create a unique style of singing performance of Hangzhou Opera.

After the formation of the basic vocals on the mainland and flat, the Hangbang Opera developed rapidly and formed the Wulin tune, which was widely circulated in the neighborhoods of Hangzhou for some time. In 2 1 ~ 33 of the Republic of China, there were 13 hangbang operas, including folk music clubs, clubs, Yuanyuan classes, Tongmin clubs, Jinji Wulin classes, Yuji stage, Shunji stage, Laoshunji stage, Minxin stage, Sixi stage, Yongji stage, Lanxi stage. Some are rooted in Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou, some are active in Ningbo, Shaoxing and Jinhua, and some are floating in Shanghai and southern Jiangsu. EMI, Lido and Shengli Records in Shanghai have recorded the records of famous old students such as Yu Shaoquan, Dan Jiao Green Peony and Fan.

There were no actresses in the early stage of Hangbang Opera. After the Republic of China 15 (1926), other operas were imitated, in which women participated and men and women co-produced. The actresses who have gradually become famous are Yang, Wu Juying, and Green Peony, which is known as "three English and one peony". In 32 years, Fu Zhifang and other organizations organized the Hangzhou Opera Spring and Autumn Society and began to use the name "Hangzhou Opera". Generally, it is still called "Wulin class".

The performances of Hangbang Opera are mainly Beijing Opera and Yang Opera, such as "Civet Cat for Prince", "Yutangchun", "My Beautiful Case", "Dahongpao" and "Gorgeous Edge". Although some artists have adapted and adapted traditional plays such as Taiping Ji, Baihuatai, Pipa Ji and Lost School, they have not been processed into reserved plays with their own dramatic characteristics. Actors also lack unique representatives in art. Therefore, since the late 1930s, Hangbang Opera has been declining. On the eve of the liberation of Hangzhou, there were only three folk professional troupes: Hangzhou Chunqiu Hangzhou Troupe, Jiangsu Yixing Deji Stage and Ningbo Hangzhou Troupe.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Wulin class was officially named Hangbang Opera. Deji Stage in Yixing, Jiangsu was registered on the spot, and 1952 was renamed as Qunyihang Theatre Company, and 1953 was renamed as Yixing HangTheatre Company. 1957 returned to Hangzhou in the second half of the year and became the second group of Hangzhou Opera. The original Hangzhou Chunqiu Hangzhou Opera Troupe was a troupe of Hangzhou Bangxi. 1958, two troupes merged to form Hangzhou Hangzhou Troupe. 1959165438+1October, merged into Hangzhou Experimental Theatre. 196 1 year, Hangzhou experimental troupe was sold and restored.

1961March, Hangzhou Municipal Bureau of Culture decided to rescue and revitalize Hangbang Opera, gather professionals such as directors, musicians and artists, young actors and performers, and scattered folk artists *** 108 to enrich Hangbang Opera Troupe and carry out comprehensive reform of Hangbang Opera. In order to enrich the musical aria of Hangbang Opera, Hangbang Opera has integrated the ancient musical genre of Hangzhou-the qupai and aria of Tanchun in Hangzhou. Traditional repertoires such as Walking the Altar, Monks Going Down the Mountain, Zhao Fan, Broken Bridge, Six Chapters in the Snow, and The Story of Dixin have been selected on the stage one after another. During the performance, Tian Han, Zhou, Qian Junrui and other experts came to Hangzhou successively. After watching the rehearsal, everyone gave affirmation and encouragement.

After accumulating some experience in the reform of Hangzhou Opera, he rehearsed the large-scale historical drama Silver Bottle with local characteristics in Hangzhou (written by Lu Gaoping). Music singing, martial arts tuning in a passionate place, Hangzhou Shanghai Beach in a beautiful lyrical place. 196 1 premiered at the New China Theatre on the eve of National Day. This is the first official performance of Hangbang Opera after the reform. Dramas, musical vocals, stage art and cast all meet the audience with a brand-new look, and the performances are generally welcomed.

1962, Meng Chao's new Kunqu opera Li Huiniang was transplanted. Musically, it is based on Hangtan music, combined with some vocals of Wulin tune, and borrowed the humming method in chorus music to render the atmosphere with unaccompanied vocals. A "Wandering Soul" is beautiful and moving. 1963 premiered at Victory Theatre on New Year's Eve. Tian Han, chairman of the Chinese Dramatists Association, said happily after watching the performance, "Compared with Beikun, each has its own strengths." The performances of "The Silver Bottle" and "Li Huiniang" attracted the attention of the masses, which gave a new life to the Hangzhou Opera in crisis. In the same year, Wu Ping wrote and performed Lei Feng and Wang Jie, and adapted and performed modern plays such as The Younger Generation and Plum Blossoms in the Snow, which were also welcomed by the audience.

Li Huiniang has been criticized since the "Cultural Revolution". 1968, Hangzhou Opera Troupe was cancelled.

1973 Hangzhou Opera Reform Group was established to revitalize Hangzhou Opera. Due to the difficulties of funds and venues, the problem that the actor had no successor was not solved, and he was quickly dissolved. By 1985, Hangbang Opera had basically disappeared.