1. Correctly understand the relationship between ideas and materials.
The so-called viewpoint here refers to the title of the paper, that is, the category of collected materials written in white paper when sorting out the materials, that is, the outlines at all levels when writing the outline. The so-called materials refer to direct materials, indirect materials and development materials. The viewpoints of the paper (that is, the outlines at all levels in the outline) are abstracted from a large number of materials, not imagined. This requires the writer to have good macro-control ability and abstract thinking ability. One of the difficulties in writing a thesis is that my mind is full of all kinds of materials, historical, realistic, predecessors and modern, but I can't form a clear concept and outline, and I can't form a definite view and opinion. This includes sorting out materials.
There is also the problem of digestion, that is, the problem of "out". The so-called "going out" means that perceptual materials (concrete data, examples and materials) gradually precipitate in the mind, and the concepts, viewpoints and outlines of the full text extracted from perceptual materials gradually emerge clearly. In thesis writing, opinions and materials have a dialectical relationship. First of all, opinions (arguments) must come from materials, and you can't have opinions first and then find the basis. This is a process from perceptual materials to rational understanding. Then, with the materials of Viewpoint Commander, the facts and data that illustrate the same problem are concentrated in one place to demonstrate (confirm or refute) this viewpoint.
When writing a thesis, it is inevitable to "give up the image", that is, conditionally separate the research object from the general contact, temporarily abandon some situations and relationships that are not essentially related to the main issues discussed, or temporarily shelve them. If you don't understand this truth, you are always afraid that the aspects discussed in writing a paper don't conform to the complex connections in reality, so it is difficult to generalize, and you can only fall into a chaotic situation in which various situations, components and factors are intertwined. Novices often dare not consciously shelve some situations and problems because they don't understand the truth of "giving up images", so they dare not and can't generalize.
The same problem can only be discussed in one place.
In a paper, the same problem can only be discussed in one chapter or section. In this place, you have explained the connotation and extension, essence and characteristics of this problem, the relationship with neighbors and so on. , and fully discussed. You can't discuss this problem elsewhere in this paper. Otherwise, it will make readers think that your thinking is disordered.
In a paper, the same problem is not discussed in one place. If this happens only once, it is hard for readers to tolerate it. If it appears twice, three times, or more, the paper will be messy and terrible, making it unreadable.
A good paper, if any part (chapter or section) is taken out, will certainly become an independent article, expressing a complete meaning; Several parts are put together and integrated, and you can't see which part is out of touch with the main idea of the paper. The former is mainly solved by the method of "discussing the same problem in one place"; The latter is solved by the "transition" that will be introduced below.
3. Transition
When reading papers, people sometimes encounter the phenomenon that some papers are original and profound by reading one section or one paragraph, but the whole paper is fragmented and cannot leave a complete and clear impression after reading. This involves a transitional problem. The purpose of transition is to make the paper clear, logical and easy to communicate with each other. In thesis writing, it is necessary to make a transition from one chapter to another, from one section to another, and from one paragraph to another. Especially when an expression changes from a total expression to a sub-expression, or from a sub-expression to a sub-expression, a transition is needed.
The transition of a paper can be completed by words, sentences or paragraphs. The commonly used turning words are "summary" and "from this" indicating sequential connection and "however" and "however" indicating turning point. In order to realize the transition between paragraphs, a transition sentence is sometimes used, which can connect the front and the back to connect the two parts. When writing a paper, some problems have been discussed before, so we should turn to another level of discussion. It is often impossible to accurately summarize all the problems discussed before with turning sentences, so as to smoothly transition to the next level. At this time, it is necessary to use a whole paragraph to realize the transition.
Some people don't pay attention to "transition" when writing papers, and think that after talking about some of the previous issues, it is natural to talk about the latter issues without using words to explain (that is, transition). There is a saying in China that "I am not a worm in your stomach". For a problem, you may have been thinking about it for several months, and think it is logical to discuss some things in front first, and then discuss the things behind. However, you don't need words to express some "subtext" you have considered. How can readers catch your thoughts at the moment of reading a newspaper? When writing a paper, the author can change roles, think from the standpoint of readers, and pay enough attention to the "transition" in the paper.
4. Refine the titles at all levels in the outline.
In the above-mentioned stage of sorting out data and writing an outline, we once gave titles to chapters, sections and paragraphs in the paper. But at that time, only the title was needed to command this part of information, and there was no time to think more deeply.
After a paper is finished, you should take some time to re-examine the headlines and titles in the paper. Generally speaking, a good title has the following two conditions: first, it can summarize all the contents of this chapter and this section; Second, the text is concise and clear. Drafting a title for a chapter, section or paragraph in a paper is a very skillful job. This job has at least three requirements for people who want to complete the task: first, thoroughly understand all the contents of this paper (or this chapter, section and paragraph in the paper); Second, strong writing skills; Third, strong inductive ability and profound thinking. Because of this, it is almost a compulsory subject to add titles to papers when recruiting editors in newspaper editorial departments. To evaluate the quality of a newspaper, the first thing is to look at its layout and newspaper title. There are many styles and skills in writing papers. One is too long, and the other is that there is no center. If you talk too much, it will be difficult to highlight the key points. A novice writer can write a decent paper if he can really do the above four points.