First of all, we must carefully examine the questions. When writing, we should distinguish what is primary and what is secondary, and strive to make "reading" grasp the key points and "feel" to write our own experiences.
Secondly, choose materials. Reading is the basis of writing. Only by reading carefully can we deeply understand the content of the article, so as to grasp the key points and grasp the thoughts and feelings of the article, and then we can have some feelings. Only by studying hard can we find the connection point of reading experience, that is, the central idea of the article, that is, the sentences that point out the central idea in the article For a work, you should write about the changes in your thoughts and actions after reading it, and make a fuss about one of them.
Third, you should start with a brief introduction of the contents of the works you read, and then write your experience. It is often appropriate to summarize the original content in 3-4 sentences. Finally, you should mainly return to the works you have read. You should focus on the word "feeling" and remember to contact your real life.
Finally, the points for attention in writing the post-reading feeling are as follows: ① Writing the post-reading feeling is by no means a copy or a simple retelling of the original text, but a premise of writing "experience"; 2. Write with true feelings, from the bottom of your heart, not "criticism letter" or "guarantee letter"; (3) to write unique and fresh feelings, and strive to have new ideas, attract or infect readers. I want to turn myself into real steel.
-Comments on how steel is tempered.
I can't put down the book How Steel was Tempered. How admirable is Paul Kochakin's tenacious character! If you read this book, you will understand that people of steel quality are capitalized.
Paul's life is very bumpy. Even though he is blind, he insists on writing a book, and he has no pity for himself. The book says: The manuscript he worked so hard to write was lost, which made him very depressed and disappointed. However, he pulled himself together and completed his masterpiece with tenacious perseverance. There is a famous saying in the book: "Human life is the most precious. When he looks back on the past, he shouldn't regret not doing anything ... "
In contrast to Paul, I thought of myself and felt a fever on my face. I remember that on the first day of this year, everyone was immersed in the festive atmosphere, but my home was very deserted. My father is busy with work and on a business trip, and my mother is bedridden due to illness. Listening to the children frolicking outside, my tears swirled in my eyes, and in an instant, I shed tears. Mom saw me crying and pointed to the book beside the bed and said, "Jessica Hester Hsuan, that book! I want to solve the problem for my family and decide to cook. My mother smiled all over her face, held my hand tightly and said, "You are really a man of indomitable spirit in our family!" " I pointed to the book How Steel was Tempered and said, "It taught me! "
Whenever I flinch from difficulties, whenever I cry in frustration, I will think of Paul's tall figure and try to turn myself into real steel!
Comments: The characteristics of this comment are: deep feelings and sincere feelings. After reading the book How Steel was Tempered, the author admired Paul and praised him as "the embodiment of the strong". When he encountered difficulties in life, he used Paul's example to urge himself to become a man in life. At the end of the article, he used "whenever …".
Write a good review and use the "four-word formula"
Feeling after reading is one of the most common styles in argumentative writing, and it is also a style that junior and senior high school students must master. However, judging from the previous post-reading training, the effect is not ideal. In fact, there are rules to follow when you feel good after writing. If you use the "four-character formula" flexibly, it will be easier to get results.
First of all, quote the material around the meaning point. The feeling after reading focuses on the feeling, which originates from a specific reading, and the introduction is the foothold of the feeling. The so-called "quotation" refers to the original text around the meaning point: the material is short and can be quoted in full; The material is long, or extract the key words and sentences of "quotation" and "feeling", or summarize the main points that cause "feeling". No matter which way you quote, the "quotation" should be concise, accurate and targeted.
Second, discussion-analysis of materials to improve the sense of practice. After introducing the content of "reading", we should make some comments on "reading". We can analyze the content of "quotation" on the basis of facts; It can also be excavated from phenomenon to essence, from individual to general; We should analyze the material with profound meaning, and then naturally "highlight" our feelings.
Third, link-contact with reality and expand vertically and horizontally. The most taboo thing about writing after reading is to talk in general terms. If you can't generalize, the article will be too superficial. Generally speaking, the feeling of reading often lacks pertinence and can't give people a shock. Contact means close contact with reality, which can not only connect with similar phenomena in real life from one place to another, but also connect with real life from ancient times to the present. We can also start small. Of course, when analyzing and demonstrating in combination with the actual situation, we should also pay attention to the kickback from time to time or echo the "citation" department, so that "contact" and "citation" are broken.
Conclusion-Summarize the full text and sublimate the sentiment. Summary can not only respond to the last article, but also emphasize feelings; You can also raise hopes and shout. No matter which way it ends up, it should be integrated with the previous article. The feeling of reading must always be bound by "reading", which begins with the introduction of "reading", and ends with the rebate of "reading" from time to time.
Of course, to write a good feeling after reading, the key is to read the material thoroughly and accurately grasp the feeling point. How to read the material thoroughly Generally speaking, if it is a narrative, it is necessary to grasp the most outstanding qualities of the characters and the profound significance contained in the most valuable language actions or events; If it is an argumentative paper, we must grasp the central argument; If it is fable or philosophical prose, we should understand its profound meaning. Of course, reading an article may have a lot of feelings. On the basis of analysis and thinking, choose the feelings that are most worthy of publication, the deepest feelings, novel and original opinions and the most targeted realistic feelings to write. A feeling of reading can only accommodate one emotion, and no matter how good other feelings are, they have to bear the pain and give up what they love. It is wise to grasp one point.
How to guide students to write their feelings after reading?
It is always a difficult problem for students to write a good review. Guidance is the key to writing a good summary. How can we guide students to write a summary? My experience is:
First, guide the examination and clarify the meaning of the question
Writing a good review is the key. For example, I teach the lesson "Raising Flowers" and let students write their thoughts after reading it. First, let students know what "feeling" is. "Feeling" refers to writing their thoughts and feelings about the article. Then, let the students write in connection with their own reality, first tell the author how to say and do, and then write what they "experience".
How to set the title of the article? There are all kinds of topics about the feeling after reading, and you can take the title directly, such as: the feeling after reading "raising flowers"; You can also cut to the chase in one sentence or one sentence, such as learning to be good at touching the doorway.
In short, it is the key to let students understand the requirements of the topic, writing requirements and examination of the topic.
Second, grasp the center and set the main points.
After reading the article "Raising Flowers", I want to understand the thoughts and feelings of the article. The so-called "thoughts and feelings of the article" is the central idea, and "feelings" should be carried out around the central idea.
Step 1: Let the students recall the central idea of the article "Cultivating Flowers" and make clear the main points. Step 2: I summarize the requirements of the exercise. The article "Growing Flowers" captures three main points: ① Growing flowers can increase your knowledge; 2. Raising flowers can regulate mental work; 3. Raising flowers can create labor results and develop friendship.
Third, grasp the main points, combine the reality and clarify the structure.
First of all, I asked the students to discuss some key points of the article "Growing Flowers", and some aspects were deeply understood. Then, I gave guidance on how to talk about experience with practice. Finally, I introduced two ways to write reading notes:
1, let's talk about it first and then discuss it. The method is: first introduce what books, what contents and what central ideas are reflected, talk about feelings with your own examples around the center, and finally write your own educational experience.
2. Narrative segment discussion. That is, grasp two or three points around the center, connect with reality, express feelings closely with the original text, or discuss the central sentence of the article.
Fourth, guide several ways to start.
1, tell me the general feeling at the beginning. For example, I recently read Mr. Lao She's "Raising Flowers", and the more I read it, the more interesting it became ... Then I'll talk about what I understand best. The second paragraph talks about my experience point by point, summarizes the full text at the end, and talks about my own plans.
2. Ask questions from the beginning. For example, there will inevitably be setbacks in study. How should a student deal with setbacks? Recently, I learned Lao She's article "Raising Flowers" and was very educated. Then refer to the previous writing, and talk about my experience point by point from the second paragraph.
3. Point out some unhealthy phenomena from the beginning. For example, some students in the class regard reading as a chore, full of energy on the playground and depressed in class. What is the reason? Then introduce the article "flower cultivation" and talk about their experiences one by one.
Students write a writing outline and speak in groups.
Students write exercises.
Because I have instructed students to write the article "Planting Flowers" in an appropriate way, students can't write the same article, and the beginning and end can basically be written with reading notes. In the middle part, students can talk about their experiences with their own examples, which has achieved certain results.
How to write a good review of senior high school? What's the difference between high school and junior high school? Read a short passage and write a comment. However, because I haven't written for a long time, and because I don't want to put it in a high school article in a junior high school mode, I specially teach you.
I think there are many kinds of post-reading writing. What aspects do you have more experience and understanding after reading it? You can emphasize ideas and interests, language or structure. You can evaluate the whole article or choose one or two details for in-depth analysis. If you aim at the viewpoint of the article, you can praise, criticize or further elaborate. If you combine the language or details of the article, you can compare, associate and comment. The key is to have your own opinion and appreciate it. You can make reading organized and deep by writing. You can record your own thinking track in your homework. Isn't this a very good thing? In fact, as long as there is a sentence that leaves a deep impression on you and makes you unforgettable for a long time, then this article will not be read in vain! Worth writing!
Generally speaking, junior middle school's post-reading feeling focuses on the ideological and emotional waves after reading, while senior high school's post-reading feeling focuses more on rational narration and discussion, that is, it focuses more on advocating rationality and emphasizing from "point" to "face". In general, argumentative writing is one of the best ways to adapt to the post-reading feeling of high school. There are not many stupid theories. If there is any better way, I hope I can give you some suggestions.
Junior high school students' post-reading feeling focuses more on the ideological and emotional waves after reading, while senior high school students' post-reading feeling focuses more on rational narration and discussion, that is, they focus more on advocating rationality and moving from "point" to "face". In general, argumentative writing is one of the best ways to adapt to the post-reading feeling of high school.
How to write a review
Similarities and differences between post-reading feelings and comments Beginners do not have a good grasp of the writing of post-reading feelings and comments, and often write post-reading feelings as comments or comments as post-reading confusion. Therefore, this paper talks about the similarities and differences between the two styles.
(a) Similarities between post-reading and comments
1. Post-reading feelings and comments belong to argumentative essays, which have the general characteristics of argumentative essays: arguments, arguments and argumentation.
2. Have a real feeling and experience of the original content or the things discussed, and make some associations.
Everyone has an introduction that leads to questions. First of all, summarize the main points of the original text and briefly describe the content of the discussion.
(2) The difference between reading and commenting.
1. Different objects
After reading, the objects involved are: writing your own experience after reading a certain work or article, mainly writing your own understanding, such as "counseling, stopping slander". The objects involved in criticism (including ideological criticism and literary criticism) are: ideological criticism takes people's ideological phenomena as the object of comment, such as "the association of flying fish jumping"; The object of literary criticism is literary works, literary ideas and literary schools. For example, this is a good novel.
2. People are different.
There is no such thing as a person in an argumentative essay. Narrative is used here. After reading it, it means writing what kind of inspiration I got and what kind of harvest I got, without involving a third party. However, a review article is always about an opinion or a work, so I don't have to put myself in it.
3. Different tasks
The word "feeling" is the main feeling after reading, and its task is mainly to write what you feel after reading what articles, what kind of education and inspiration you get, and what new opinions you have on the problems expounded in the articles. The task of critical articles is: ideological criticism is to analyze the phenomena in social life and people's thoughts, which is certainly correct, biased and wrong. This is a newspaper style. Lose no time in publicity and education. Literary criticism is "to analyze, judge and evaluate specific literary works, and to recommend and explain works to readers." Literary critics, as intimate friends of the author, should closely link readers with the author and readers with the thoughts of the works, so that readers can understand the ideological content of the works more comprehensively and deeply and appreciate the creative art of the works. " "It also shoulders the heavy responsibility of guiding readers to correctly understand or resist works.
4. The author's "status" is different.
After reading it, people usually express their feelings according to the original intention, while comments are to express their attitude towards the original intention. If the feeling after reading is compared to a logical conclusion, then writing a comment is pointing fingers. There used to be a saying that "seeing an official is a junior", and comments are just in this position. According to this meaning, we can also draw the following formula, so as to see the relationship between them and general argumentative writing:
After reading
The basic idea of post-reading feeling is as follows:
(1) Briefly describe the relevant contents of the original text, such as the title of the book, the author, the year of writing, a summary of the original book or the original content, etc. This part is written to explain where feelings come from and pave the way for the following discussion. In this part, the word "Jane" must be highlighted, and the specific content of the book and the text must not be described in large paragraphs, but the feelings should be briefly linked.
(2) Clear the basic ideas. Choose the one who feels the deepest and express it clearly in concise sentences.
Such a sentence can be called "viewpoint sentence". This viewpoint sentence expresses the central point of this article.
The position of "viewpoint sentence" in the text can be flexible, which can be at the beginning, at the end or in the text. Beginners of writing had better come straight to the point and write their own opinions at the beginning.
(3) Put facts and reason around the basic viewpoints. This part is the theoretical part of the argumentative paper, which expounds the basic viewpoint (that is, the central viewpoint), proves the correctness of the viewpoint by putting facts and reasoning, and makes the viewpoint more prominent and convincing. In this process, it should be noted that facts and reasoning must closely revolve around and serve the basic point of view.
(4) Combine basic ideas with practice. A good review should have the flavor of the times and have true feelings.
To do this, we must be good at connecting with reality. This "reality" can be personal thoughts, words and deeds, experiences, or a social phenomenon. When connecting with reality, we should also pay attention to closely focusing on and serving the basic viewpoints, rather than blindly connecting with reality.
The above four points are the basic ideas of writing the post-reading feeling, but this idea is not static, so we should be good at mastering it flexibly. For example, "Briefly describe the original text" usually comes before "clarify the point of view", but the order of the two can also be interchanged. Furthermore, if the facts mentioned in the third step are social phenomena or personal experiences, then the fourth part need not be written. When writing a review, we should pay attention to the following questions:
First of all, we should attach importance to "reading"
In the relationship between "reading" and "feeling", "reading" is the premise and foundation of "feeling"; Sense is the extension or result of reading. Read first, then feel. Without reading, there is no feeling. Therefore, to write a post-reading feeling, we must first understand the original text, accurately grasp the basic content of the original text, correctly understand the central idea of the original text and the meaning of key sentences, and deeply understand the author's writing purpose and the thoughts and feelings expressed in the text.
The second is to choose the feeling point accurately.
After reading a book or an article, there will be many feelings and experiences; For the same book or article, different people will think from different angles, have different views and get different enlightenment. Taking the well-known idiom story of "cramming for the last minute" as an example, from the perspective of satirizing Mr. Nan Guo, we can realize that people who have no real ability to muddle along will sooner or later "show their true colors" and realize the importance of mastering real talents and learning. If we consider the reason why Mr. Nan Guo Can spent half a day in Qi Xuanwang, we can think that leaders should have a realistic leadership style, not flashy, otherwise it will leave loopholes for those who fish in troubled waters. If we think from the perspective of management system, we can further realize that Qi Xuanwang's "pot rice" lacks the necessary evaluation mechanism, which provides objective conditions for people like Mr. Nanguo to muddle along all day, thus associating with the necessity of breaking the "iron rice bowl" and abolishing the pot rice since the reform and opening up.
After reading an article, you can't write many feelings or experiences, so just choose. As a beginner, you should choose the point that you feel most and have something to say. You should pay attention to grasp the angle of analyzing the problem, contact your own actual situation, and choose the most suitable feeling point from many clues as the center of the full text.
In junior high school composition class, in addition to writing "reading feelings", the teacher will also ask students to write "reading feelings" after watching a movie or visiting an exhibition. Writing is the same as reading. Just give a brief description of what you observed in the first part, and then draw out opinions and discuss them. Composition guidance: a short comment on a person, an event, a phenomenon or a choice. It belongs to a kind of criticism. The characteristics of this kind of articles are "comments", or judging the ideological spirit of characters, or judging the connotation of events, or judging the essence of phenomena, or judging the value and significance of opinions.
There are many kinds of review articles, such as political review, current affairs review, economic review, news review, literary review, book review and ideological review. For middle school students, it is mainly to review ideas and literature. When writing a short review, you must pay attention to the following points.
1. "Description" is the means and "evaluation" is the purpose. Without description, there is no basis for evaluation; There is no point in not commenting. But it can't be divided equally, because evaluation is the purpose, its main purpose and destination. For example, Lin Mohan's "Talking about Small Things" begins by saying that "our faults are often committed in belittling small things", and then comments on the mentioned phenomena; Another example is Zhu Guangqian's On Four Poems by Bai Juyi and Xin Qiji. Introduce four poems at the beginning, and then enjoy them at a great length. If the introduction is more important than analysis, it will become an introductory article, which is the taboo of writing comments.
2. "Narration" is selective and "evaluation" is targeted. There are many people, things and things to describe. Why an article says so instead of saying so is related to the pertinence of the evaluation. In order to call on people to do some small things that should be done, Lin Mohan introduced the "small" problems that are easily overlooked in people's daily life. If there is no choice among the mentioned materials, such reasons are not targeted.
Therefore, in an article, comments should be related, that is, the authenticity of materials and comments should be closely linked in a center, and an angle should be grasped, and they must not be completely opposite.
In addition, writing ideological comments must also pay attention to the following two points:
1. Thought comments should be timely. Closely related to pertinence. Timely comments are more targeted.
Therefore, ideological criticism should be based on reality, it should rain in time, and when the wind blows at the end of the Qing Dynasty, make a judgment, and don't post Monday morning quarterback.
2. Comments should be realistic. Ideological criticism should be practical and realistic, and it is not possible to label it at will.
Writing literary criticism should pay attention to the following points:
1. original intensive reading. First of all, we must read the original carefully, so that we can get the right to comment on the main ideas, artistic images and artistic skills of the original. Secondly, we should read the preface, postscript, notes and consult relevant materials. In order to make our comments targeted, we should also refer to other people's comments when necessary, so as to make them a reference for the idea.
2. Tell the truth. Everything you say is good, everything you say is bad, everything you say is bad, everything you say is definitely negative, and praise or criticism should be appropriate.
3. Don't stick to the rules. Literary criticism is innovative, not cliche. For literary works, we should pay attention to multi-angle and all-round criticism and analysis, and strive to have new discoveries and new opinions.
4. Pay attention to artistic analysis. Literary works include ideological and artistic aspects, and ideological must be expressed through certain artistic forms. To understand the ideological content of a work, we often need to start with its form of expression. Therefore, the artistic analysis of works is an important aspect of literary criticism.
How to conduct artistic analysis?
(1) Analyze artistic conception. Grasping the artistic conception of the work can help us understand how the author refines the theme and how to seek the perfect artistic form to express the theme, so as to understand the work more deeply and thoroughly.
Of course, sometimes we can also analyze the artistic conception of a certain part of a work, especially poetry and prose, which express profound thoughts and feelings in a concise form, so we can often see the author's artistic ingenuity from a word, and see the unique ideological and aesthetic significance of this word in expressing the author's thoughts and feelings.
(2) Character analysis. When commenting, we must focus on the analysis of the characters, and make ideological and artistic analysis of the works through the analysis of the image. These images are concrete and have unique personality characteristics. When creating each image, the author also has a unique way of creation and conception. When analyzing characters, we should grasp their individual characteristics and grasp their spirit of the times and educational significance through concrete analysis. For beginners to write literary criticism, it is mainly their words and deeds that should be grasped, because the words and deeds of the characters in the works are the concrete manifestations of their whole personality.
(3) Analyze the artistic conception of the work. Artistic conception is an artistic realm with vivid images, blending scenes, profound implications and strong appeal. The college entrance examination questions over the years often examine the grasp of the artistic conception of poetry and prose.
(4) Language analysis. Literature is the art of language, which vividly reflects social life and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings with the help of language. The analysis of language is also an important part of artistic analysis of works. Analytical language requires detail, not generality and not abstraction, so that people can know the characteristics of the language of the work at a glance. When students write comments, they often can't tell the difference between comments and feelings after reading, and often write comments as feelings after reading.
Although post-reading feeling and comment belong to argumentative papers, they have many similarities, but the differences are also obvious: post-reading feeling focuses on "feeling", which involves the author's feelings, education and enlightenment; The focus of comments is "comments", that is, explaining the universal truth from specific events to enlighten and educate readers.