First, phosgene and diphosgene In World War I, the Germans used steel cylinders filled with phosgene against the British, which set a precedent for the use of modern poison gas in the war. The scientific name of phosgene is "Dichlorocarbonyl", which is a colorless gas with the musty smell of rotten hay. It was synthesized by British chemist David in 18 12. Because the experimental synthesis was completed with carbon monoxide and chlorine under strong light, it was named "phosgene". The scientific name of diphosgene is "trichloromethyl chloroformate", which is a colorless and flowable oily liquid with a taste similar to phosgene. It developed into a standard poison after phosgene. The toxicity and toxicology of phosgene and diphosgene are similar. In 4 ~ 5 liters of poisonous gas, people can die within one minute; Mildly poisoned people will feel chest tightness, dizziness, nausea and eye pain; In severe cases, pulmonary edema or even death occurs. Second, mustard gas The cause of the "8 4" poisoning incident in Qiqihar was mustard gas. In World War I, the warring parties produced mustard gas 1.35 million tons and put it into war1.20 million tons. In pure liquid state, mustard gas is a slightly sweet colorless oily liquid, and industrial products are yellow, dark brown and have mustard flavor. 1886, Meyer, Germany, tried to synthesize it. It is reported that Meyer's synthesis method is still one of the basic methods to produce mustard gas. From this unfortunate incident in Qiqihar, we can see that mustard gas can make people's skin red, swollen, blistering and festering. In fact, under normal climatic conditions, only 0.2 mg/L mustard gas concentration can poison people. In addition, it is also the most serious poison in the world, which has a large storage capacity and causes chemical diffusion. Third, Lewis gas In the 1920s, Lewis gas was called "the dew of death", its comprehensive tactical performance was not as good as mustard gas, and its production cost was relatively high, so it was generally only used with mustard gas. The name of Lewis gas comes from an American captain. 19 18, American captain Louis and others discovered this kind of thing and suggested using it in the military. Since then, Louis' name has been associated with a chemical poison. Lewis gas is a compound of vinyl chloride and arsenic dichloride. In pure liquid state, Lewis gas is colorless and tasteless, and its industrial products have a strong geranium fragrance. Lewis gas has a quick effect and no incubation period, which can cause pain to people's eyes and skin, and can cause systemic poisoning after inhalation. Four. Tabun It is reported that during the Iran-Iraq war, Iraq used Tabun on a large scale in actual combat. 198 1, 1 ~ 1 1 During the period, the Iraqi army fired artillery shells for the Iranian army, causing a large number of casualties. Tabon was first synthesized by German doctor Gerhard Schrade in 1936. However, the doctor was slightly poisoned the next year, and the developer was also the earliest victim of the tower collapse. Tabeng's scientific name is "hot ethyl dimethyl cyano phosphate", which is a colorless liquid with a fruity smell, and its industrial products smell of bitter almonds. According to reports, the performance of Tabeng is better than phosgene and other old poisons, but its tactical performance is not as good as that of sarin and other "new generations", and it is being eliminated at present. Sarin poisoning occurred in Tokyo subway in the 1990s, and the murderer was Sarin. In addition, during the Iran-Iraq war, the Iraqi army used sarin, and a single battle caused more than 2,700 chemical casualties of the Iranian army. At present, this kind of poison is the main equipment poison in some countries such as the United States, and it has been dualized. It is worth mentioning that Sarin and Taben are of the same ancestry and were discovered by German doctor Schrade. Its chemical name is "isopropyl fluorophosphate". In pure liquid, sarin is a colorless and odorless water sample, but it is the most typical quick-killing and temporary poison. Symptoms such as pupil contraction, blurred vision, salivation, asthma, muscle tremor and so on appear immediately after poisoning; In severe cases, breathing is difficult, consciousness disappears, and finally death occurs. 6. soman 1944. Dr. Richard Kuhn, the German Nobel Prize winner, synthesized soman for the first time, but before it could be produced, the former Soviet Union called. It is reported that in the 1950s, the former Soviet army was equipped with soman ammunition. By 1980, the former Soviet air force had used soman against Muslim guerrillas in some places in Afghanistan, and the poisoned person suffered vomiting, suffocation, blindness, paralysis and finally died. Soman's chemical name is "Isoethyl Methyl Fluorophosphate", which is a colorless liquid with a faint fruit fragrance, but its toxicity is about 3 times greater than that of sarin. According to records, people can die within one minute by inhaling several high-concentration soman vapors. 7.Bitz According to the data, in the invasion of Vietnam, the US military used Bitz, which caused many Vietnamese officers and men to be poisoned and disabled. Bitz is a white solid powder with the scientific name of "3- quinonediphenyl glycolic acid", which belongs to the disability agent. Bitz poisoned people mainly through the respiratory tract, mainly causing dysfunction of the central nervous system. This chemical poison can make people lose all their autonomy, also known as the "gentle killer". It is precisely because chemical agents contribute to the great killing and destruction of chemical weapons that they are strongly resisted by the international community. 1On April 29th, 1997, the Chemical Weapons Convention came into effect. Today, people are still striving for the complete destruction of chemical weapons. Title picture: Our chemical defense personnel enter the exercise site.