There is always a feeling that there is no way to start Chinese review. How to review Chinese effectively in Grade Three?
Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle. From Grade One to Grade Three, there are more than 100 texts, but in short, they are divided into four parts: basic knowledge, modern text reading analysis, classical Chinese reading analysis and writing. The basic knowledge is divided into eight aspects: pronunciation, punctuation, Chinese characters, words, grammar, rhetoric, stylistic knowledge and literary common sense. Through analysis, find out our weak links, concentrate our forces and fight a war of annihilation.
When learning complex sentences, it is difficult for students to remember related words. We separate the confusing ones by rhyming to help them remember. "Harmony, communication, election, turn, cause, falsehood and article, seven kinds of complex sentences should be remembered. It is also bound, even if it is hypothetical. No, it is tied. No, it is a choice. Since peace is cause and effect, although it is a turning point ... "
Mastered the method, easy to read modern prose. In narrative, expository and argumentative essays, the function of adding words in expression and expression will appear. This kind of questions can be divided into four steps: ① copying words, ② explaining literal meaning, ③ explaining meaning in context, ④ correctly answering the central idea; If it is explanatory text, you need to answer how to explain it accurately; If it is an argumentative paper, it is necessary to talk about how rigorous the argument is. If you ask, "Can you remove it? Why? " On the basis of the above four steps, judge first, and then analyze from the opposite side. What if it is removed?
Writing an article is a comprehensive practical activity, which requires not only certain reading and writing knowledge, but also specific writing methods, correct thinking and rich factual materials.
Therefore, if you want to write a good composition, it is important to have solid basic skills, not to be impatient or careless. After unremitting efforts and practice, you will get good results over time.
If you study hard in Chinese class, if you have carefully read the writing knowledge we introduced, then you should have a well-thought-out plan for the senior high school entrance examination.
Review points:
Examples of idioms in senior high school entrance examination
Idioms are relatively stable phrases with special expressive force that people have used for a long time. With compact structure and concise writing, it is a masterpiece in Chinese and occupies an important position in Chinese. Therefore, it has become an important part of the senior high school entrance examination in China, appearing in a variety of questions and being examined from multiple angles. Explain it at the next interview for your reference.
1. Idiom crossword puzzle
Idioms have a fixed structure. You can extract a word from them and ask students to fill in the blanks.
Step 2 identify sounds
Examining students' pinyin ability, idioms often appear in the form of choice.
Step 3 distinguish words
Examining students' ability to write idioms correctly often takes the form of correcting mistakes or multiple-choice questions.
Analysis: "color" should be the meaning, expression and spirit of "picking"; "Yong" should be written as "Yong" to show courage; "Pull" should be "dial"; "Yes" should be written as "thing", the meaning of thing.
4 explanation
To examine students' mastery of the meaning of idioms, we usually examine the meaning of a word in idioms and the meaning of the whole idiom. For example:
5. Source
Most idioms have certain sources, such as ancient myths, legends, fables or ancient poems. This paper mainly examines the idioms summarized in ancient Chinese that students are familiar with.
use
That is, to examine students' ability to use idioms correctly in a specific context.
7. Associative dictation idioms
Provide requirements and write related idioms silently according to the requirements.
8. Investigate the structural types of idioms.
Idioms have many structural types, such as coordinate structure, radical structure, verb-object structure, verb-complement structure and subject-predicate structure. Therefore, this is also the content of an exam.
9. Investigate the emotional color of idioms
The emotional colors of idioms are both positive and negative, so students should be able to distinguish them.
In a word, idioms, as an important part of Chinese, must be mastered and improved in Chinese learning. Details >>& gt& gt
Analysis on Typical Test Sites of Chinese in Senior High School Entrance Examination
Test center 1- Pronunciation
Brief analysis of test sites;
This year's Chinese test questions for senior high school entrance examination have the following characteristics: as far as content is concerned, besides the correct use of spelling rules, it mainly examines disyllabic words, various pronunciations and pictophonetic words that are easy to misread. So we must master some rules of pronunciation. Among them, (1) has a relationship between sound and meaning, such as "j ? ng". When naming a name, you should focus on "energy" and "momentum", and when choosing sex, you should focus on "strong enemy". (2) There are differences between spoken and written language, such as "competition", reading "sāi" in spoken language and "Se" or "à i" in written language; (3) There is a difference between transliteration and untranslation, such as "card". In China proper words, such as checkpoint, it is pronounced as odd m 4, while in transliteration words, such as truck, it is pronounced as k m 4. We should also pay attention to the unified pronunciation of some language reform regulations, such as "acupoint", which used to have two sounds of "Xu" and "Xu", but now there is only one sound of "Xu".
Test site 2- Chinese characters
Brief analysis of test sites;
The knowledge types of Chinese characters include the characteristics of Chinese characters-ideographic characters, six methods of word-making-pictographic, fingering, knowing, pictophonetic characters, transliteration and borrowing, and the evolution of Chinese characters-Oracle Bone Inscriptions → bronze inscription → seal script → official script → regular script, cursive script, strokes, radicals, Chinese character structure, homophones, variant characters and polysemy. Only by keeping this knowledge in mind can we distinguish between good and evil and correct typos.
The content analysis of middle school examination questions is mainly to identify typos. The key to distinguish between right and wrong glyphs is to distinguish the meaning of words. When identifying the meaning of a word, (1) should pay attention to its source. Its original meaning is like "ink". If we knew that the original meaning refers to Mozi, it would not be written as "silence". (2) pay attention to the radicals. When determining pronunciation, some radicals will make us make mistakes, but when writing, radicals are often the correct guide. For example, "weighing" is an action that hurts hands, not a psychological activity. So "weighing" can't be written as "mourning". (3) Pay attention to the language environment. "Beautiful scenery" means "beautiful scenery", in which "Qing" is synonymous with "xiu" and has the meaning of "beauty", so "Qing" cannot be written as "Qing". (4) Pay attention to the part of speech. "Liang" is a numeral, and "Liang" is sometimes a double-category word (numeral plus quantifier), that is, "Liang", and no words can be used after it, so "Liang" in the mouth of the old couple is wrong, and it should be "the old couple".
Test site 3- punctuation marks
Brief analysis of test sites;
Punctuation marks are auxiliary symbols of written language and an organic part of written language, which are used to express pause, mood and the nature and function of words. Chinese Curriculum Standard (Experimental Draft) requires students to correctly use common punctuation marks. Judging from the Chinese examination papers of the senior high school entrance examination in recent years, punctuation marks mainly include periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, pauses, semicolons, quotation marks, dashes, ellipsis, book titles and so on. In preparing for the exam, we should correctly grasp the functions of various punctuation marks, find out the use position of punctuation marks, and improve the application ability of punctuation marks in the process of strengthening practice.
Test site 4 words
Brief analysis of test sites;
The examination of words in the senior high school entrance examination focuses on understanding and application, not terminology and knowledge. As far as the scope of investigation is concerned, it includes the classification, internal structure, meaning, emotional color and stylistic color of words, but it focuses on the meaning of words. A single word may have multiple meanings, and once it enters the language environment, it has only one meaning. The meaning of a word in the text may be its original meaning, extended meaning, figurative meaning or other rhetorical meaning, or even a temporary specific meaning. Inferring the meaning of words in the text, one is to master the basic meaning of words, and the other is to be good at trying to figure out according to their context. To do a good job in the topic of this test center, we must pay attention to the following points in the review: (1) Pay attention to the accumulation of words, the greater the accumulated vocabulary, the faster the answering speed; (2) Attention should be paid to analyzing the specific language environment in which words appear, and words should not be understood in isolation from the context; (3) Pay attention to the intuitive feeling of words instead of memorizing some concepts about words.
Typical Test Site 5-Modify Ill Sentences
Brief analysis of test sites;
"Chinese Curriculum Standard (Experimental Draft)" requires "being able to express one's meaning concretely and clearly" in the "curriculum objectives". This requires the correct use of the language of the motherland. In daily life and study, we should not only be able to accurately distinguish between right and wrong sentences, that is, whether they conform to grammatical habits, whether the meaning of sentences is clear, whether there are logical errors, whether rhetoric is correct, etc. And can modify sentences without changing the original intention.
In recent years, most of the senior high school entrance examination questions in various places involve the revision of sick sentences. The language faults involved in sentences can be roughly divided into the following categories: (1) improper word order, (2) improper collocation, (3) incomplete or redundant components, (4) disordered structure, (5) unclear meaning and (6) illogical.
In order to improve the ability of distinguishing language diseases, we must think repeatedly, strengthen training, explore the law and cultivate the sense of language.
The principle of revision is to keep the meaning of the original sentence as much as possible, change more and change less, and don't create another sentence instead. It can be modified by adding, deleting, changing and adjusting.
Typical Test Site 6-Sentence Selection and Imitation
Brief analysis of test sites;
Several types of sentence selection: (1) continuation type-that is, according to the topic requirements put forward by the proposer, according to the set situation and sentence meaning, continue or supplement a sentence close to the test requirements. (2) Selective type. (3) Ordinary type. Sentence imitation is actually a comprehensive application of grammar, rhetoric and punctuation. Judging from the investigation of this kind of questions in the senior high school entrance examination in recent years, there are mainly: pairing, imitation and creation? Escape from Luanhe River? What's the matter with you? ?≠≠≠≠? Wo Yong ┧ acyl? What's the point? What's the point? Get in the way? Male sheath address ā ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? Capsule? Hey? What's the matter with you? ⒎? Fresh? 涫涫 q Not Mianmian Mianmian Mianmian Mianmian Mianmian Mianmian Mianmian Mianmian Mianmian 3 ⑺ ⑿ ⑿ But ⒖ and the publishing house? Even the fiber pen reduces deflection and allows guidance? Avoid? Why do you want to stay at school? ∮ ⒎ ⒎ ⒎ ⒎ ⒎ ⒎ ⒎ ⒎ ⒎ ⒎ ⒎ ⒎? What's the matter with you? What's the problem? Hey?
Typical test center 7- oral communication
Brief analysis of test sites;
Oral communication is an interactive process of listening and speaking, a process of information exchange between people in a specific situation, a concrete practice of students' listening, expressing and coping abilities, and a platform to show students' communicative competence, civilized attitude and language literacy. In recent years, oral communication has become a hot topic. Predicting future exams, students' oral communicative competence is still mainly evaluated in written form. The common way of examination is to set a specific situation and ask students to write the implication of others' speeches, or what the characters might say at that time, or write the focus of discussion and different opinions, or talk about their own views around the topic, or evaluate some problems. The topic setting gradually changed from simple dialogue to comprehensive, focusing on multi-angle and multi-level examination. The types of questions are mainly subjective questions and short answers, including some open questions.
Typical Test Site 8-Discipline Infiltration and Innovative Practice
Brief analysis of test sites;
Between disciplines, knowledge permeates each other, and abilities can also learn from each other. By means of "knowledge infiltration" and "ability transfer", this book enables students to combine all the knowledge they have learned into a complex knowledge chain as much as possible, thus broadening the world of students' ability to use Chinese and cultivating their ability to use Chinese. Subject infiltration questions are generally interdisciplinary, compatible with ancient and modern times, full of changes, and have the characteristics of knowledge, interest and flexibility. It is mainly used to examine students' use of other disciplines' languages and related knowledge to solve practical problems in daily life, and then to cultivate students' innovative thinking ability. It is expected that there will still be subject infiltration questions in the future exams, and there is a trend of development.
Typical Test Site 9-Appreciation of Ancient Poems and Songs
Brief analysis of test sites;
Appreciation of ancient poems and songs means comprehensive evaluation, identification and appreciation from content to form. The key point is:
First, I can correctly understand the content of poems and songs: (1) I am familiar with the background information related to the works; (2) Pay attention to poetic style and writer style; (3) Summarize the general idea of poetry and ode; (4) Appreciate the artistic conception and the author's emotional attitude.
2. Appreciate its language: (1) Try to figure out, scrutinize and understand the meaning of keywords and poems in the works from the aspects of diction, rhetoric and appliances; (2) From the language style and application skills of the writer's works, we can taste the profound meaning of poetry and music in the language; (3) Read and taste the beauty of music, rhythm and rhythm in the language of poetry and songs from the aspects of rhyme, rhythm and tone.
The main materials are: Tang poetry (Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, etc. ) and Song Ci (mainly Lu You, Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao, etc. ), mainly patriotic poems, farewell poems, love of nature, love of life and other themes.
Judging from the types of questions examined, subjective questions are the main ones, and objective questions are the auxiliary ones.
When answering questions, we should carefully appreciate the requirements of the test questions, understand the key points of the test questions, grasp the starting point of the test questions, start with the key words, poems and background information of the writers' works, read carefully, find out the correct topics, make vertical and horizontal connections (knowledge in and out of class), compare before and after (style), think in multiple directions in combination with the requirements (test questions), choose the right angle, answer carefully and check repeatedly. Revision and modification.
Typical Test Site 10 —— The Accumulation and Application of Famous Poems and Sentences
Brief analysis of test sites;
The accumulation and application of famous sentences and wonderful sentences are mainly manifested in dictation in the middle school examination questions. There are three kinds of memorization and dictation: (1) direct dictation, and the test questions are given to the previous sentence or the next sentence, which is not difficult. (2) Comprehensive dictation, the test questions provide relevant scenes or prompt the relevant content of the text. This kind of questions involves a wide range of contents, is flexible and changeable, and is closely related to social life and students' ideological understanding. (3) open dictation, the answer is not unique, according to the requirements of the topic, mobilize the usual reading accumulation to answer.
Dictation should be based on understanding and memorizing famous sayings and sentences, and there can be no mistakes.
Typical test site Xi- explanatory reading
Brief analysis of test sites;
Explanatory text has extensive application value in modern social life. Therefore, expository writing has become a compulsory item in the modern Chinese reading test of senior high school entrance examination in China. The promulgation of 200 1 Chinese Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education (Experimental Draft) marks the official start of the basic education curriculum reform, and new ways and methods must be explored in the teaching and testing of expository texts. Therefore, in preparing for the review of the explanatory text in 2004, the following points should be recognized:
(1) Take the text as an example, and test it with unfamiliar explanations after class to get rid of the misunderstanding of rote memorization and ensure the efficiency of the test questions.
(2) The expository text covers a wide range, including both natural science and social science. Whether it is the usual training or the exam proposition, it can not be ignored. At the same time, it is a wise choice to strengthen the reading training of social science expository articles.
(3) The purpose of expository writing is to introduce knowledge, so the goal of expository reading test is to understand, including the understanding of words, sentences, interpretation centers, interpretation sequences and methods. Since the introduction of any knowledge is inseparable from concepts, and there are many new concepts in the articles introducing high-tech knowledge, answering the reading questions of explanatory articles is a key to accurately understand the meaning of concepts.
The fetter attitude of reading expository texts should be rational, not emotional.
Typical test center 12- narrative reading
Brief analysis of test sites;
In recent years, the narrative reading test of senior high school entrance examination has the following characteristics:
(1) pays more attention to the excavation of humanistic spirit in the selection of proposition materials, and pays more attention to the educational significance contained in its content, which is related to the inner world of students.
(2) Narrative reading accounts for the largest proportion in modern reading of senior high school entrance examination. Grasp the narrative reading, and you will grasp the "half of the country" in the reading of the senior high school entrance examination.
(3) The proportion of extracurricular essays is increasing.
When reading and reviewing narratives in 2004, we should do the following: analyze the requirements, person and order of narratives; Analyze the description of appearance, language, action and psychology, and grasp the character characteristics; Understand the role of environmental description; Experience the vividness and vividness of language; Understand the function of narrative, description, explanation, discussion, lyric and other expressions in the text; Understand the relationship between article details and expression center; Can summarize the central meaning of the article.
In short, the ability to examine is mainly the overall reading comprehension ability, analysis and application ability, summary and expression ability, and questioning and thinking ability.
Typical test center13-argumentative reading
Brief analysis of test sites;
In argumentative reading, as far as content is concerned, the focus of examination is to grasp the central argument and clarify the arguments used in the text and their functions; As far as form is concerned, the focus of the examination is the structural hierarchy analysis of the discussion. In argumentative reading, grasping the central argument is the most important and the key to reading the full text, so whether we can grasp the central argument of the full text quickly and accurately will directly affect the success or failure of the whole reading.
In addition to structural analysis, the examination of arguments mainly focuses on two aspects: first, the logical relationship between arguments; The second is the logical relationship between paragraphs and sentences. These two tests are more difficult because they are abstract and thoughtful. This requires strengthening thinking training in peacetime and concentrating on strengthening training before the exam. Among them, the training of generalization ability is particularly important. To summarize the center of the full text, to summarize the meaning of the paragraph; To analyze the relationship between paragraphs, we also need to summarize the meaning of paragraphs. It is to clarify the relationship between sentences. It is difficult to grasp long sentences, and it is also necessary to summarize the meaning of sentences.
Throughout the reading of argumentative essays in the senior high school entrance examination in recent years, the proposition trend is:
The selection of materials is mainly after class, and the content of materials is close to students' life; The ability to examine is mainly the ability to understand and summarize, which requires you to perceive its main content as a whole, grasp the arguments, arguments and arguments of the article, understand its basic ideas, understand the effect of language expression, and summarize and express it; On this basis, I can read creatively and complete open topics.
14 test center-reading classical Chinese as a whole
"Chinese Teaching Syllabus for Junior High School (Revised Trial)" puts forward the following requirements for classical Chinese reading teaching: "Reading ancient poems and simple classical Chinese, you can understand the content with reference books and recite a certain number of famous articles." This requirement includes five levels of ability training, namely memorization, understanding, analysis, application and appreciation.
The five levels of competence mainly include the following aspects:
1, the meaning of common content words in classical Chinese.
2. The meaning of function words commonly used in classical Chinese.
3. The meaning of important sentences in classical Chinese.
4. The meaning of paragraphs in classical Chinese, the meaning of words and the author's thoughts and feelings.
5. The rhythm of reading sentences.
6. According to the content of the article, express your views and feelings, and write relevant sentences or poems in combination with social reality.
7. Preliminary evaluation and appreciation of ancient poetry.
The types of questions will tend to be diversified, with subjective questions as the main ones. The examination will be comprehensive and innovative, and the selected articles will develop from in-class to out-of-class