There are three similarities: ① Background: Under the crisis conditions of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, the Qing government adjusted its policies. The Westernization Movement was adopted when the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was suppressed after the failure of the Second Opium War. The Reform Movement of 1898 was adopted when Germany occupied Jiaozhou Bay and faced a worrying situation of "splitting beans and chopping wood".

② The contents include measures to attach importance to economy, train talents and strengthen military affairs. The Westernization Movement started the industrialization of China, opened new schools, introduced science and technology, and founded the navy. The Reform Movement of 1898 required the development of capitalist industry and commerce, the study of Chinese and Western subjects, and the implementation of the conscription system.

(3) Ending: All of them failed because they touched the autocratic monarchy and feudal land ownership of landlords, and the political system did not undergo profound changes. The Westernization Movement went bankrupt with the fiasco of the Qing government in the Sino-Japanese War. The Reform Movement of 1898 failed because of the coup in 1898.

The difference is mainly reflected in the following aspects: the former is "the change of utensils" and belongs to the movement of the feudal landlord class, while the latter is "the change of system" and belongs to the reform of capitalism.