Ankle sprain
The sprain is caused by the sudden and excessive distortion of the joint, which distorts the ligaments and tendons attached to the joint. Ankle sprain is the most common joint ligament injury in sports.
The main treatment measures are:
If the lateral ligament injury is light and the stability of ankle joint is normal, the affected limb can be raised early, cold compress can be used to relieve pain and reduce bleeding and swelling. After 2 ~ 3 days, physical therapy, sealing, detumescence and pain relief, and blood stasis-removing drugs can be applied externally, and the ankle should be properly rested and protected. If the symptoms are serious, or the ligament is completely broken or there is an avulsion fracture, the affected foot should be fixed with short-legged plaster boots to keep it in an "over-corrected" posture for about 4 to 6 weeks.
muscle strain
Muscle strain refers to the injury caused by the tearing of muscle fibers. Mainly due to excessive exercise or insufficient warm-up, the severity of the injury can be inferred according to the degree of pain. Once the pain is induced, stop exercising immediately, and apply ice cubes or cold towels to the pain points for 30 minutes to make the small blood vessels contract and relieve local congestion and edema. Avoid rubbing and hot compress immediately after injury.
Treatment measures for muscle strain mainly include:
1, pay attention to rest!
2. Find out the injured part, gently rotate the injured part, and do some gentle movements to determine which muscles, tendons and ligaments are painful or injured, so that you can know where the treatment actions should be concentrated and which actions should be avoided during strenuous exercise.
3, don't increase the burden of the wound.
4, massage.
5, ice compress, the injury is generally within 48 hours after the injury, with ice compress can reduce swelling.
6. Hot compress is often used for treatment after long-term injury.
Ligament injury
Ligament injury easily occurs in ankle joint, wrist joint and knee joint.
Treatment measures mainly include:
In order to relieve pain and accelerate swelling, local cold compress, pressure dressing and elevation of injured limbs were performed. Rest, cold compress, compression and elevation-basic treatment for the first 48 to 72 hours after ligament injury. Take a local rest immediately to avoid further injury. Ice compress 10 minute can reduce abdominal distension and inflammation.
bruise
Abrasion refers to the friction of skin in a certain part of the body under the action of external force, which causes blood stasis, bleeding or exudate of tissue fluid.
Treatment measures mainly include:
Small area or slight abrasion can be applied to the affected area with mercuric chloride or purple liquid without dressing. For large area or deep abrasion, it is necessary to wash the contaminated wound with normal saline. If the pollution is too serious, first clean the sludge with a small disinfection brush, then cover the wound with sterile gauze and vaseline gauze orange, and finally bandage it with gauze bandage under pressure (tight bandage). If the abraded part is in or near the joint, it is best to apply anti-inflammatory ointment on the wound surface instead of dressing it, so as to avoid tissue drying and affecting activities, otherwise once infected, it will easily spread to the joint. It is best not to apply purple medicine to facial abrasions.
make hay of
Dislocation is joint dislocation. Once dislocated, the injured person should keep quiet, don't move, and don't rub the dislocated part. If the dislocated part is on the shoulder, you can bend the elbow at a right angle, then lift the forearm and elbow with a triangular towel and hang it around your neck, then wrap a broadband around your brain and tie a knot in the opposite brain. If the dislocated part is in the hip, the injured person should immediately lie on the soft sleeper and be taken to the hospital.
Emergency measures for dislocation of elbow joint;
When elbow dislocation occurs, if there is no rescuer in front of you, the injured person will judge it is joint dislocation according to the injury of elbow joint. Don't forcibly straighten the injured limb in the semi-straightened position, so as not to cause more damage. You can unbutton the button with the healthy arm, wrap the skirt around the forearm of the affected limb from bottom to top and tie it on the neckline, so that the elbow joint of the affected limb is fixed in a semi-flexion position on the chest, and then go to the hospital for treatment. If someone rescues you, if the rescuer is not familiar with the bones and can't judge whether the joint dislocation is complicated with fracture, don't easily implement the method of elbow dislocation reduction to avoid damaging blood vessels and nerves. The injured limb of the wounded can be suspended and fixed in the semi-arc position of the chest with a triangular towel and sent to the hospital.
Related reading: First aid for football injuries.
Use frozen spray
Cold analgesic spray, also known as refrigerant, is a new analgesic widely used abroad in recent years. It has anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and repercussive effects on joint sprain, muscle strain, bump injury and kick contusion (unbroken skin). It is not an anesthetic, and its properties are different from ethane hydrogen used as a surface anesthetic in China. Because it can relieve pain and stop bleeding quickly, it is very popular with football players.
Traditional Chinese medicine has a different view that it is not necessarily effective for deep vascular rupture, and it is best to bandage the affected area with cotton and bandage under pressure, so as not to leave the future trouble of catching cold. Therefore, China recently stopped the production of ethane and hydrogen, and the use of cold analgesic spray is not widespread enough. In an emergency, you can also wrap it in an ice pack for 24 hours, or use a cold water towel.
Lower limb impact or kick contusion
For those with minor injuries, the local skin is slightly swollen and the pain is not serious. You can continue to play after a little cold compress. In severe cases, there are subcutaneous bleeding, massive swelling, or swelling and tentacle pain. At this time, it is necessary to wrap it with the spray on it. The big leg is injured, you can add a sheath. After the game, it is also wrapped with cool Chinese herbal medicines (such as Wuhudan or Xinshang No.1), which helps to reduce swelling and relieve pain. Apply the medicine once a day, and you can recover in 2-3 days. In the worst case, it will take about a week. It can also be combined with massage therapy to accelerate blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis. If there is a fracture on the field, or severe contusion on the abdomen and genitals, it may also cause shock. It is necessary to carry it out of the field immediately and deal with it in time. Do not apply hot compress or soak in hot water within 24 hours after contusion to prevent blood vessels from dilating and aggravating bleeding and swelling. This will not be conducive to rapid recovery. Contusion is the injury of small blood vessels and soft tissues under the skin. If the muscle fibers are not obviously broken, you can continue running and do a little activity, and don't stop training. This is beneficial to the dissipation and absorption of congestion and swelling.
twisted knee
Ankle varus, handstand or sprain due to uneven ground, feet, or being pushed, trampled and mixed by the other side. Inspection method: look at the degree of redness; Can you do ankle flexion and extension? Whether eversion and eversion ligaments are loose; Does it hurt to hit the bottom of the heel, etc. General simple joint sprain is a week of joint pain and swelling in the joint seam, which can be flexed and stretched, varus and valgus. If the anterior calcaneal ligament is injured, it is mostly varus sprain, swelling of the upper lateral ankle and local tenderness, which is the most painful when repeated varus movements are performed; If the posterior calcaneal ligament is injured, the lower part of the lateral ankle is swollen and tender. When doing varus exercise, such as pain in the base of the fifth metatarsal bone on the dorsum of the foot, local swelling and tenderness, and squeezing pain in the forefoot, X-rays should be taken except for the fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. If the flexion and extension of ankle joint is limited, the possibility of facet dislocation should be considered. If there is no suspicious fracture, but only joint capsule and ligament injury, you can spray antifreeze or cold compress on the affected area and then press and fix it.
In the case of varus sprain, the bandage should be wound upward from the outside to prevent the ankle from varus again. Those with severe sprain can't walk and should stop participating in the competition. Those with minor sprains can continue to compete after treatment. Symptomatic treatment will be given after the game. General ankle sprain, including joint capsule and ligament injury, requires external use of Wuhudan or Xinshan 1 to reduce swelling and relieve pain and lift the affected limb. After three days, squat and ankle massage were started to promote the absorption of effusion in the capsule. Generally, it can be cured in 3-5 days, and in severe cases, it can be cured in 7- 10 days.
Leg muscle twitch
Cramp is a common phenomenon during or after the game, which is a tense contraction reaction caused by the loss of normal regulation function of muscles. The cause, or because of running too much, muscle is too tired, suddenly sprint; Or excessive salt loss due to excessive sweating; Or because the weather is cold, the muscles are stiff, and the sudden movements are strongly stimulated. Relax after cramping, and try to stretch the cramped muscles passively, and the cramping phenomenon will gradually ease.
The specific treatment method can be carried out as follows: when the muscles at the back of the calf cramp, you can sit flat on the ground, straighten the calf, tilt the soles of your feet and rest for a few minutes; I have a bad cramp and need someone to help me pull my leg. You can let the patient lie flat on the ground, straighten his legs as much as possible, and then tilt his instep. Combined with acupoints "Yinmen" (middle and rear thigh) and "Chengshan" (middle and rear calf), it can be relieved by resting for 3-5 minutes. If not, you can repeat stretching, traction and acupuncture. People who sweat a lot should eat 3-4 slices of salt.
Blister on foot
Hard ground and tight shoes often lead to blisters and blood bubbles inside and outside the forefoot or under the toes. Treatment: disinfect with iodine and alcohol first, then use No.7 needle for injection to burst the blisters and release water, squeeze them out with sterilized cotton balls, stick a little sterilized cotton on the wound to help absorb water, and stick adhesive tape outside to continue the game. After the game, it can be further treated with purple syrup and tetracycline ointment, and the dressing should be changed after each bath. As long as there is no infection, it will be fine in three or two days.
muscle strain
When a player sprints with the ball, shoots, passes long, catches a high ball, makes an emergency stop or makes a sharp turn, it is possible to strain the triceps and calves of the thigh. In severe cases, it is very painful to limp and do repetitive actions. General injury severity, self-perception therapy. Spray a little refrigerant on the slightly injured person, put on leggings and go into battle again; Moderately injured people can basically stick to the game by pressing and adding leg protectors except spraying; Seriously injured people have difficulty walking, so they should be carried out of the stadium for cold dressing, and the affected limb should be lifted high to stop the game. After muscle strain, in addition to the above treatment, prednisolone can also be used to locally block the pain point. Two days later, massage and electric pulse massage were combined to help the muscle fiber injury recover as soon as possible.
Treatment after injury
Football sports injuries are characterized by many hard injuries and general injuries. Except for fracture or ligament rupture, it is easy to recover if treated in time. There are very few football players who are not injured, and the first aid treatment on the field is only preliminary. The real treatment is still carried out under the field system, requiring no sequelae. Ordinary people can recuperate all injuries, but athletes can't. The basic skills of sports skills should be practiced every day, often while treating injuries. This can promote injury healing and restore function at an early stage. Emergency treatment, comprehensive treatment after injury and early functional exercise are three steps in sports injury treatment.
Causes and analysis of football injury
(1) reason
1, physical factors
In competition and training, when the opponent is fighting for the ball, his legs and feet are often hit, kicked, thrown, pushed and pulled by the opponent, resulting in a sudden change of posture, excessive adduction and abduction, torsion and other injuries to muscles, ligaments and bones. Being kicked by the ball to the face, abdomen, scrotum and other parts can cause trauma, and rough foul action is the main cause of abduction injury. When dribbling, stepping on the ball is also easy to cause ankle and knee injuries. Insufficient preparation activities and imperfect protective measures will cause local strain. In addition, myositis, psoas myofascitis and osteochondrosis are all strains, which should also attract our attention.
2. Psychological factors
Psychological factors affecting athletes' injuries mainly include arousal level, anxiety, attention and self-confidence. These psychological reactions can be expressed through the athletes' self-evaluation and the changes of physiological indexes. Excessive arousal and stimulation. Emotional changes can stimulate and inhibit athletes' competitive level. Moderate arousal level can make athletes reach the best competitive state on the spot. Without awakening, the exertion of physical and mental energy and technical movements can only be limited to a low level. Excessive awakening will hinder the development of technical level. In the state of fatigue, the flexibility of the brain nervous system is obviously reduced, athletes are slow to respond, distracted, the regulation function rate of the central nervous system is chaotic, the skill state of athletes' proprioceptors is reduced, and the movement stability is reduced. In this state, athletes are easily injured.
(2) Cause analysis
1, physical characteristics of athletes
The physical characteristics of athletes vary from person to person. The factors related to injury are generally manifested in age, weight, body posture and so on. Age is an uncontrollable factor, and the age of growth is the time scale of the interaction between athletes and surrounding environmental factors, which is inseparable from the growth and experience of organisms. Correct posture can prevent sudden and unexpected sprains, while passive and lazy posture combined with poor muscle elasticity is easy to hurt athletes, while constantly changing posture combined with good muscle elasticity can protect ligaments.
2. Psychological quality of athletes
At present, people pay more attention to the psychological aspects of sports injuries. Brody L believes that the core of sports accidents lies in the athlete's personality. He described personality characteristics, including: the feeling of functional insufficiency; A feeling of hostility; Lack of sense of responsibility; The ability of the body to concentrate; Ability disproportionate to aggression; Timid; An impeccable feeling; Excited players are laughed at by the audience, and they are highly excited by a series of reactions to stress that lead to anxiety and attitude towards life.
3. Physical condition of athletes
This involves the means used to ensure that athletes get the most suitable competitive state, including: a plan to keep the balance of training, diet, rest and massage; Exercise increases muscle explosive power, endurance and other qualities; The course learns correct technical movements, protective movements, quick response and physical flexibility. In addition, smoking, drinking, illness and other bad habits not only affect the competitive ability, but also easily lead to injuries of athletes in training and competition.