After Japanese occupation of Taiwan Province Province, there was a Governor's Office in Taibei, which was the highest institution to manage Taiwan Province Province. In addition, township offices were set up in various places, the police and Baojia system were implemented, and colonial education was carried out in Taiwan Province Province. At the same time, based on the needs of developing domestic economy, Taiwan Province Province was initially taken as the base for developing agriculture and agricultural products processing, and the processing industry and transportation industry in Taiwan Province Province were gradually developed. During World War II, in order to cooperate with the militaristic policy of marching southward, Japan further developed various military-related industries in Taiwan Province Province, and expanded the proportion of industries in the island's GDP, which gradually transformed Taiwan Province Province from a traditional society dominated by agricultural economy into a semi-capitalist and semi-feudal society dominated by industry and commerce. According to statistics, on the eve of the end of the Anti-Japanese War, the proportion of industrial output value in the gross national product of Taiwan Province Province has risen from about 7% at the beginning of the 20th century to about 18%. At the same time, the working class in Taiwan Province Province has gradually sprouted and developed in this transformation. 1920, the labor force in Taiwan Province Province was about 40,000. By 1937, when Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, it increased to more than 80,000 people; By 1943, the number of workers in Taiwan Province Province has reached more than 200,000.
In the half century from the fall of Taiwan Province Province in A.D. 1895 to the recovery of Taiwan Province Province in A.D. 1945, our compatriots in Taiwan Province Province couldn't bear the life in conquered people. In order to safeguard the dignity of the Chinese nation, defend the motherland and recover lost territory, they fought bravely with the Japanese invaders for a long time and wrote a glorious chapter in the history of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of China.
1895 After the news that treaty of shimonoseki in Taiwan Province Province was ceded came out, the whole country was in an uproar, and everyone was "saddened" and extremely indignant. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao gathered 18 thousand people in the province to "write on the bus", opposed the division of land and peace, and advocated political reform for strength. Taiwan Province Jinshi, who took the exam in Beijing, and Juren jointly wrote a letter to the Duchayuan of the Qing government, complaining: "There are millions of people in the north, and the women and children in the hutongs all want to eat Japanese meat, and each has a grudge. Who is willing to surrender to the enemy! " "The land of all Taiwan Province plunged it into battle, and the people of all Taiwan Province killed it in the battlefield ... although brave, there is no regret." Officials at all levels in the Qing court also wrote in succession, stating that Taiwan Province Province is the barrier of seven provinces in southeast China. "Without Taiwan Province Province today, there would be no Nanyang tomorrow; Although China is big, it can be chopped in one day. " . Tan Sitong angrily denounced the Qing court for "saving yourself once" and gave it to others by raising the site. "He thinks that China people's affluence is a mistake," the gentry in Taiwan Province Province sent a telegram to the Qing court, saying, "The whole Taiwan was shocked by the land division and peace talks. ..... the land of ministers, righteousness and existence; Willing to defend to the death with fu department. If you can't win a battle, please wait until I die before you cede territory ... ".
On the second day after the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, the compatriots in the whole province cried loudly, and the people in Taipei went on strike with gongs. The people surrounded the Ministry and opposed the cutting of Taiwan. They demanded that the money for reimbursement should not be shipped out, and the Ordnance Manufacturing Bureau should not stop working. All the tax revenue should be reserved for fighting against the Japanese aggressors. Qiu and other Taiwan Province gentry also tried to resist Japanese occupation with "independence", established "Taiwan Province democratic country" and elected Tang, governor of Taiwan Province Province, as president. The Declaration of Independence pointed out: "Those who advocate sages have the right to take charge of Taiwan Province affairs; After the dust settles, please fight again. What should I do? " However, as Tang fled back to the mainland privately, 12 days later, this "democratic country" disintegrated.
After the anti-Japanese armed forces and the Japanese occupation of Taiwan Province Province, the Qing government ordered its governor Tang and other officials in Taiwan Province to leave Taiwan Province. Taiwan Province compatriots took up arms and organized their own Anti-Japanese People's Army to defend the territory of the motherland. They continued their armed struggle for seven years.
At the beginning, Taiwan Province compatriots cooperated with Liu Yongfu, the leader of the Black Flag Army who refused to obey the imperial edict, and other officers and men of the Qing army to fight to the death with the Japanese aggressors in Hsinchu, Dajiaxi, Changhua, Chiayi and Tainan. Armed with soil guns and spears, driven by flesh and blood, they advance wave after wave and pounce on the enemy. Among them, the battle between Changhua and Chiayi was the fiercest. Xu Xiang, leader of the Anti-Japanese People's Army, generals of the Black Flag Army and most of the Seven-Star Team of Liu Yongfu New Army died heroically. A Japanese recorded at that time: "Whenever our army (Japanese army) is defeated, the villagers nearby immediately become our enemies. Everyone, even young women, took up arms and shouted and fought. Our opponent is tenacious and not afraid of death. They hid in the cottage. When a house is destroyed by gunfire, they will calmly move to another house and launch an attack at the first time. "
The final stage of Tainan's resistance to the enemy was extremely difficult. The Qing government has repeatedly strictly forbidden all mainland areas to support Taiwan Province Province, so the black flag army and people's armament and wages have been cut off, and the team can't afford to go hungry. In this case, Liu Yongfu persisted in the anti-Japanese war for five months and was forced to board a ship and return to the mainland. Tainan1Fall on October 20th 1895. When Tainan fell, more than 32,000 soldiers and civilians in Taiwan Province Province were killed or injured, accounting for more than half of the troops in the early days of Japanese occupation.
After the fall of Tainan, the people of Taiwan Province Province continued to insist on armed resistance against Japan. They successively established anti-Japanese base areas in Shenkeng in Taipei, Guo Tieshan in Yunlin, Fanzai Mountain between Tainan in Chiayi, Fengshan in Pingtung and Chaozhou. The ranks of the Anti-Japanese People's Army range from several hundred to several thousand. They attacked the Japanese army barracks, attacked Japanese government agencies, and fought against the enemy's crazy sweeps again and again, and many heroes emerged. Jane Dashi is one of the leaders of the peasant anti-Japanese armed forces in Taipei. 1896 On New Year's Day, he led a team and others to attack Taipei directly and broke into the urban area. Later, Jane moved to Xiamen. The Japanese invaders killed his wife to vent their anger and claimed compensation from the Qing government. Before she died, Jane boasted: "I am Jane the Great Lion, and I am a citizen of Taiwan Province Province in the Qing Dynasty. ..... Although the Japanese treat me like a bandit, the Qing people should treat me like a righteous man. Since the return of Taiwan Province Province to Japan, officials, large and small, have been exhausted, and no one dares to take the initiative. Only I, the humble king, can win more than ten thousand people and have a bloody battle a hundred times. Self-assertion, there is nothing wrong with the Qing dynasty. ..... May life be pure, and death be pure ghost ".
The armed uprising before and after the Revolution of 1911 was brutally suppressed by the Japanese invaders, and the armed anti-Japanese struggle of the people in Taiwan Province Province experienced a short low tide. After 1906, under the influence of the bourgeois revolutionary movement in mainland China, compatriots in Taiwan Province Province held patriotic armed uprisings again and again to oppose Japanese colonial rule. The famous ones are: 1907 Hsinchu Beipu Uprising; 19 12 Nantou Linipu Uprising; Miaoli Uprising1913;
9 15 Nanxi Lai 'an Uprising, etc. Among them, Miaoli Uprising was a great patriotic anti-Japanese struggle under the direct influence of the Revolution of 1911. Leader Luo Fuxing is one of the personnel sent to Taiwan Province by Dr. Sun Yat-sen's alliance. Based in his hometown of Miaoli, Luo established the Taiwan Province branch of China Revolutionary Party, and developed organizations in Taipei, Keelung, Taoyuan and Tainan to publicize the revolution and plan the uprising. After the defeat, nearly a thousand people were arrested and more than 20 people were killed. Luo Fuxing's farewell poem said: "The atmosphere of overseas smoke is like an island. Today, my people are endowed with the same hatred, sacrificing their own flesh and blood to find common things. Don't be afraid to love freedom all your life. ..... Left their hometown to Yingzhou, and swept away the east courtyard. The fishy smell in the world should be washed away, and chivalrous men must not lose their swords. Bullets are raining like thunder, horns and drums are urging. Who has a good start, why bother him? " Xi 'an Uprising was organized by patriots Ba, Jiang Ding and others. They took Xilai Temple and other places in Tainan as their stronghold, trained the backbone, planned the uprising, and called on the compatriots in the whole province to "courageously strive for the first place, faithfully serve the country, and recover Taiwan Province Province". Participants are all over Taipei, Taichung, Nantou, Chiayi and Pingtung. Because of the incident, the Japanese police learned that Yu, Jiang and others led more than a thousand people to temporarily file a case and fought bloody battles for seven days and nights. After the failure of the uprising, more than 900 people, including Pakistan, were executed, and tens of thousands of people were indiscriminately killed by Japanese aggressors, which shocked the world.
National Liberation Movement after the May 4th Movement After the First World War, under the influence of the Russian October Revolution and the national democratic revolutionary movement in Chinese mainland, compatriots in Taiwan Province Province further set off the climax of the organized national liberation movement, which was closely linked with the revolutionary struggle of the motherland and became an important part of the national liberation movement in China. 1920 65438+ 10, directly influenced by the may 4th movement, Japanese youths studying in Taiwan Province province first set up the Xinmin society in Tokyo, and published the magazine Taiwan Province Youth in imitation of Beijing New Youth to carry out the enlightenment propaganda of nationalism. Subsequently, students from Taiwan Province Province who studied in Japan and lived in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Xiamen, Nanjing and other places established organizations such as the YMCA of Taiwan Province Province, the Students' Federation of Taiwan Province Province, and the China Taiwan Province Comrades' Association. 192 1 10 The Taiwanese Cultural Association, a bourgeois nationalist enlightenment group with Jiang Weishui as the mainstay and Lin and others as the supplement, was established in Taipei. With the aim of "arousing the consciousness of the Han nationality and opposing Japanese national oppression", it put forward slogans such as "opposing ethnic differences", "opposing enslavement education" and "striving for political participation". Under the influence of Guo Moruo and others, Taiwan Province students from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangdong established the "Revolutionary Youth League of Taiwan Province Province in Guangdong Province". In the Letter to China Compatriots published by the group, it appealed: "Don't forget Taiwan Province Province", "Taiwan Province Province is Taiwan Province Province of China, the nation is China's, and the land is China's". At the same time, farmers' associations and various trade union organizations have sprung up all over Taiwan Province Province. 1928 In April, China * * * producer born in Taiwan Province Province, Chinese mainland, party member, producer studying in Japan, with the help of China * * *, established the Taiwan Province Provincial Party Organization in Shanghai, namely the national branch of Japanese * * * producer Taiwan Province Province. The People's Party, the political representative of the emerging national bourgeoisie in Taiwan Province Province, also stepped onto the political stage. Political forces of various factions quickly united. The peasant movement and the workers' movement flourished for the first time in Taiwan's history. At the end of the same year, there were more than 30,000 members under the leadership of Taiwan Province Farmers' Federation. All kinds of labor unrest broke out one after another, and the consciousness of the working class increased rapidly. They combined their own economic interests with the interests of the national class and put forward distinctive battle slogans such as "supporting the workers and peasants revolution in China", "opposing the imperialist war" and "overthrowing Japanese imperialism".
Encouraged by the upsurge of the national liberation movement in Taiwan Province Province, the Gaoshan compatriots living in Wushe, the upper reaches of Zhuoshui River in Taichung, could not bear the slavery and oppression of the Japanese invaders, and held an armed riot 1930+0938 on June 27th. This is the Wushe Uprising that shocked China and foreign countries. After destroying more than a dozen Japanese branches, he retreated into the mountains and fought fiercely with more than 6,000 Japanese military police for more than 20 days. Many Gaoshan women jump off the cliff in order to encourage their husbands to kill the enemy without worry. Finally, Gaoshan compatriots ran out of ammunition and food, and the uprising leader committed suicide.
The upsurge of national democratic movement violently impacted Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan Province Province. 193 1 In the summer of, the Japanese colonial rulers began to suppress their compatriots in Taiwan Province province in an all-round way and practiced white terror. Countless Taiwan Province compatriots and patriotic progressives have been imprisoned and persecuted. However, the people of Taiwan Province Province were not conquered by fascist atrocities, and they continued to struggle in various forms until they won the final victory in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
According to historical facts, international agreements during the Second World War reaffirmed that Taiwan Province Province is an inalienable part of China. 1943 1 February 1 day, the Cairo Declaration signed by China, the United States and Britain stipulated that "the territories stolen by Japan from China, such as Manchuria, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands, should be returned to China". 1On July 26th, 945, the Potsdam Proclamation signed by China, the United States, Britain and the post-Soviet Union reiterated that "the conditions of the Cairo Declaration will be implemented".
1On August 5th, 945, Japan announced that it accepted the terms in the Potsdam Proclamation and surrendered unconditionally. After eight years of arduous anti-Japanese war, the people of China made great sacrifices, and finally defeated the Japanese invaders with the people all over the world, bringing Taiwan Province Province back to the embrace of the motherland and ending the humiliating history of Taiwan Province compatriots being enslaved by Japanese imperialism. In the same year1October 25th, 10, the China government held a Japanese surrender ceremony in Taiwan Province province. After the meeting, the Chief Executive of Taiwan Province Province officially announced on behalf of the China Municipal Government that from now on, all land, people and government affairs belonging to Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands will be under the sovereignty of China. Compatriots in Taiwan Province Province were ecstatic, and every household decorated with lanterns, paid homage to their ancestors and drank all night. Tens of thousands of people from all walks of life in Taipei held a parade around the city, cheering for their return to the embrace of the motherland and celebrating the great victory of China people War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the people of the whole country longed for peace, realized democracy and established an independent and prosperous new China. However, the Kuomintang government affiliated to the United States launched a nationwide civil war against * * *. On the one hand, they attacked the vast liberated areas led by China's * * * production party, on the other hand, they searched and persecuted the people in the Kuomintang-ruled areas crazily in an attempt to drag China back to the dark world. This angered the people of the whole country and forced them to stand up and fight resolutely. 1947 On February 28th, at the height of the national democratic revolution, the people of Taiwan Province Province held an armed uprising against the Kuomintang regime. The "February 28th Uprising" won the deep sympathy of people from all walks of life in China. The Central Committee gave warm support and pointed out: "The armed self-defense of the people of Taiwan Province Province is forced, necessary, just and correct"; Announced that "the soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas will definitely support you and help you in your own struggle." Although the "February 28th Uprising" failed under the bloody suppression of the Kuomintang government, it once again showed the indomitable fighting spirit of our compatriots in Taiwan Province Province.
1949 65438+ 10 1, the people of the whole country overthrew the Kuomintang government under the leadership of the China * * * production party, and a new China was born. Since then, the history of China has entered a new era. On the eve of the liberation of the motherland, Chiang Kai-shek and some Kuomintang military and political personnel ran to Taiwan Province Province. Relying on the protection and support of the United States, they maintained the local security situation in Taiwan Province Province and split Taiwan Province Province from the motherland again.