[Expression; Literary type; The classification of literary works can be divided by various standards.

type

Refers to the types and styles of all works of art, and its artistic structure has a certain stable form in history, which is developed with the diversity of art reflecting reality and the aesthetic tasks put forward by artists in works. In China ancient literature, genre refers to the style and rhetoric of poetry.

A Concise Aesthetic Dictionary by Orff Senikov of the former Soviet Union: Genre represents a concept of internal classification of art, and because genre is formed in various arts, this concept has general aesthetic properties. In each genre, we can see some * * * identical contents (the particularity of life connection and relationship) and some * * * identical orientations, the choice of life phenomena and their artistic expression, ideological aesthetic evaluation and infection characteristics. Each school has a set of relatively stable artistic means, which is the unique identification symbol of this school. These artistic means are essentially derived, because they are restricted by the unique reflection objects of various schools. Genre is related to all aspects of artistic image structure, first of all, it is related to theme, plot and layout. All elements of genre (its external and material symbols) can be classified as art forms, but it embodies the overall unity of content and form.

Genre is also a historical category, and the realistic artistic movement can only be realized through genre. The rise, development and evolution of genre are restricted by historical environment. Genre also reflects the characteristics of the times, people's way of life and behavior. Each era has its own genre, and the sum of various genres reflects the overall artistic style of that era. Although genre movement is ultimately restricted by the field of social relations, it also has its relative independence and internal development logic. Genre reflects various stable tendencies in the process of artistic development, and embodies the characteristics and unity of artistic process. Genre forms are always in a dynamic evolution process, influenced by artists' expression methods, artistic styles and world views. Through the choice of genre and the active and changeable genre form, we can see the general appearance of an artist's life, thought and aesthetic set. The classification of genre forms reflects the tendency to see the complexity of separation and integration The tendency to seek points indicates the emergence of various art categories and new schools within categories, while the tendency to seek unity reflects the interconnection and similarity characteristics of various school forms.

There are many genres, including article genres: narrative, expository, argumentative, practical, poetry, prose, novel, drama; Painting genre: landscape painting, portrait painting. Still life painting, genre painting, war painting, theme painting, etc. ; Sculpture genre: portraits, animal images, customs, history, decorative patterns, commemorative sculptures, etc. Dance genre: folk dance, classical dance, national dance, skill sports dance, rhythm modeling dance, etc. Film types: feature films, news films, dramas, comedies, musicals, art and literature films, etc. Music genre: symphony, sonata, ode, romance, song, etc. Architectural schools: palaces, cultural facilities, houses, factories, etc. The narrow sense of "genre" is sometimes synonymous with style.

Genre is the external form of poetry.

Genre of ancient poetry: ancient poetry

Modern poetry: quatrains: 4 sentences, 1, 2 and 4 sentences, and the last word rhymes.

Rhyme: 8 sentences, 4 with 2, 4, 6, 8 sentences, and the last word rhymes.

(antithesis of couplets and necklaces)

Words: aliases: long and short sentences, poems and songs.

Composition: Inscription name and title

Classification: Xiao Ling (below 58 words), Chinese words (59-90 words) and long words (above 9 1 word).

Style: graceful and unrestrained.

Music: Composition: Gongdiao, Qupai, title.

Music type:

Various styles and categories of music. From short songs to grand symphonies, it contains genres of different sizes, complexity and simplicity. The genre of music works can generally be summarized into three categories: vocal music, instrumental music and drama music, and each category can be subdivided. For example, instrumental music includes impromptu genres such as fantasia, prelude and toccata, polyphonic genres such as fugue and originality, and suite genres such as suite, sonata, chamber music and concerto. The orchestral works played by modern symphony orchestras are always called symphonic music, including concert overtures, symphonies, symphonic suites, symphonic poems and so on. Vocal music includes solo, duet, chorus, oratorio, oratorio and so on. Drama music includes opera, ballet, drama soundtrack and so on. Traditional folk music in China is generally divided into five categories: folk songs, folk music, song and dance music, traditional opera music and instrumental music. Each category can also be divided into smaller genres. For example, folk songs, including folk songs, songs and minor tunes; Quyi includes tanci, drums, paiziqu and so on. There are tea picking, lanterns and yangko in the song and dance; There are Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Bangzi, Pihuang and so on. Instrumental music includes silk and bamboo, percussion and strings.

The specific classification of music genres is as follows:

1. Melody (air, French, English) is a kind of singing instrumental music, which is often used in18th century suite.

2. Allemand (France)/KLOC-A dance genre popular in France and Britain in the 7th century, with four beats, steady rhythm and slow speed, which is often used in suites. 19th century, the same name refers to the three-beat brisk dance music popular in the Swiss countryside, which is the predecessor of waltz.

3. The music used by 3.anthem (UK) in the ceremony of Christian church in England is in the form of solo and chorus. Most of the lyrics are taken from the Bible and sung in English, usually with an organ.

4. Aria (aria, meaning; Aviation, Britain and France; Arie solo is an important passage in large-scale vocal works such as opera and oratorio, and it can also be an independent work. Have superb singing skills and a wide range of emotional expression.

5. Narrative songs; Ballads (France, Germany) ① 13 and14th century French secular songs. ⑵/kloc-Narrative songs popular in Germany in the 0/9th century are often related to folk stories and legends. (3)/kloc-lyrical and romantic instrumental music in the 0/9th century, such as piano works by Chopin and Brahms.

6. Ballet (Italy) is a kind of drama performed by dancers in costumes accompanied by music. Originated in Italy during the Renaissance, it was introduced to France and achieved great development. The original French ballet music was not only instrumental music, but also singing and recitation, so it can be regarded as the predecessor of opera (ballet was also included in opera at that time, and this tradition continued until the end of 19 and influenced Italian opera). /kloc-After the mid-9th century, many excellent ballet music appeared, such as Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake and Stravinsky's Firebird.

7. Boat Song (Boat Song, France; German BarkaroleBarcarole (meaning) comes from the instrumental music of Venetian boatman songs (including piano music and orchestral music), with a slow rhythm of 6/8 or 12/8, and melodious singing is usually added to the rippling rhythm.

8. Lullaby (Belser; Cradle of England; Lullaby, England; Wiegenlied, Germany) is a quiet and gentle vocal or instrumental ditty whose rhythm swings slowly like a cradle.

9. Bruce translated Bruce. A form of American jazz originated from black soul songs. Usually twelve bars, the rhythm is steady and the speed is slow. Its name comes from the different third and seventh tones in major (called "Yuan Yin" blues).

10.bolero (Spanish) Spanish dance music, triple time, steady medium speed, and striking the characteristic rhythm with castanets. Ravel's orchestral Bolero is the most famous work, and Chopin also wrote this style of piano music.

1 1. Bree (Bree, France; Borry Italian Bore from boree, England (1) French dance music, popular in 17 and 18 centuries, has a fast rhythm, generally 2/2 beats. ⑵ Three-beat dance music popular in Overwien mountain area in central France.

12.cancan (France) 19 Dance music popular in France at the end of the year, fast, 2/4 beat, warm and vulgar. The most famous is offenbach's operetta Flo in Hell.

13. Canon is a polyphonic music form with two or more voices. When the melody of one voice appears, other voices follow. There are "strict guns" that completely keep the melody, and "free guns" that bring some changes. It can be in the form of an independent musical work or a local writing in a large-scale work.

14. oratorio (meaning; Kantate (Germany) translated a chorus. Multi-movement vocal music works, which prevailed in17th century and the first half of18th century, included solo, aria, duet and chorus, accompanied by orchestra, similar to oratorio, but on a smaller scale. There are religious and secular contents. Bach's more than 200 oratorios are classics.

15. Capriccio (Italian; French capriccio) (1)1From the end of the 6th century to the end of the 7th century, the relatively free fugue instruments were mostly classical piano works. (2) Technical etudes, such as Paganini's "24 Violin Capriccios". (3)/Kloc-The music used in the 0/9th century freestyle often borrows famous tunes as the theme, such as Tchaikovsky's orchestral Italian Capriccio.

16. Xia Kong (chaconneCiaccona, France) is just empty. The solemn three-beat dance music, which prevailed in17th century, is also a form of polyphonic music, that is, many variations are made on a fixed theme or a series of fixed harmonic progression.

17. Chamber music (English) refers to instrumental music that is suitable for a few people to play indoors instead of in the hall. The early days included vocal music. There are several kinds of ensembles in the main schools, the most common of which are string quartets and piano quintets in the classical period. Although such works are often played in concert halls now, they still maintain their original delicate and cordial characteristics.

18. Chorus (Germany; The hymn tune of Protestant Christianity (Lutheranism) was first published in 1524. Martin Luther, a religious reformer, regarded it as one of the means of reform (he wrote some himself). Its characteristics are: singing in the national language, and the tunes are mostly selected from simple and popular folk songs and ancient hymns. At first, it was a single voice, and then there appeared a four-voice chorus and polyphony form with the highest voice as the main tone. 17 and 18 centuries, chorus became an important source of music creation, such as Bach's organ chorus prelude, chorus variations and a large number of religious oratorios.

19. Chorus Prelude (English) A general term for organ music based on chorus, which prevailed in 17 and 18 centuries. In Lutheran church ceremonies, the congregation must play the melody on the organ before singing hymns. Players can freely change the melody, which gradually formed the prelude genre of chorus.

20. Concerto (Concerto, Italy; Konzert (Germany), also known as solo concerto, is a solo instrument and orchestra. Formed in the18th century, it usually consists of three movements: fast-slow-fast. In the classical concerto mode laid by Mozart, the first movement has two presentation parts, that is, the band presents the theme first, and then the main instrument presents the theme again with the change of the band; At the end of the first movement (sometimes in the last movement), there is a colorful passage, that is, a dazzling passage played by the main instrument alone. /kloc-this pattern was gradually stopped in the 0/9th century.

2 1. The Concerto Grande (Italy) is a multi-movement work that prevailed in17th century and18th century. It is a solo group composed of several musical instruments and an orchestra. The main group consists of violin, flute, oboe, cello and clavichord, generally 2-5 musical instruments. Their delicate voices are in sharp contrast to the grand band ensemble.

22. Courand (courante, France; Corrente, coranto, Italy), a lively three-beat dance music popular in 17 and 18 centuries, is often used in suites.

23. Childas (Childas, Hungary; Chardas, Germany). Hungarian dance music consists of slow and melancholy Lasan and fast and enthusiastic Fries. Liszt's The Second hungarian rhapsody is a typical Salda dance.

24. The divertimento (Italian) is a kind of relaxed and pleasant multi-movement chamber music or small band work popular at the end of 18. Some of Mozart's wandering songs are profound and serious.

25. Double Concerto (English; German Doppelkonzert) concerto for two solo instruments and bands. For example, Brahms' violin and cello concertos.

26. Duet (Singing) (Duet, England; Many, France; Duet (Italian) is a form of performance (singing) by two people, with or without accompaniment, regardless of the order of the two voices. Instrumental duets (except piano duets) are also called duets.

27. Etudes (France; Study, UK; Studio (Italian) is a piece specially written for practicing musical instrument playing skills. /kloc-In the 9th century, Chopin, Liszt, Debussy and others strengthened the artistry of this genre, making it an official repertoire in concerts. Such works are called "concert etudes".

28. fandango (West) lively Spanish dance music, with three beats, accompanied by castanets and guitar.

29. Fantasia (Fantasia, England; Fantasia, meaning; Van Tessie, France; Fantasia, namely instrumental music, is usually characterized by its free and informal form and imaginative nature. (1) Renaissance refers to instrumental music freely created by polyphonic techniques, not dance forms or variations. (2) Impromptu keyboard or lute music in Baroque period, such as Bach's "Fantasia for chromatic scale". (3) Large-scale works with freer writing than sonatas in the classical period, such as Mozart's piano fantasia K396 and Beethoven's moonlight sonata op.27no.2 (the author marked "sonata similar to fantasia"). (4) Romantic music, such as Brahms' piano fantasia op. 1 16. 5] Music written according to ready-made themes (folk songs, other people's music materials), such as Liszt's Fantasia Based on the Theme of Bei Lini Opera.

30.farandole (France), an ancient French dance music, is still popular in Provence. 6/8 beats, and 2/4 beats, such as "Flando Dance" in Bizet's orchestral suite "Girls in Arles City".

3 1. Flamengo (Spain) is a popular song and dance school in Andalusia, southern Spain, accompanied by guitar, which often has a sad meaning. Flamengo is a typical style in Spanish guitar works.

32. fugue (fugue, France; German fugue; Fuga (Italian) is a polyphonic work, and a theme has multiple parts (at least two parts). After the theme of single voice appeared in the original song, other voices imitated it in turn. This theme appears many times in the whole song, with several "interludes" in the middle. Most of them are based on theme clips, which make rich and varied changes in different tonality and can also introduce new materials. The last time the theme completely appeared in the original song, it was over. Fugue can be used in an independent work or as a part of a big work, which is called "fugue section".

33.gavotte (British) French dance music, which was popular in17th century, became an indispensable form in various works at that time, such as gavotte dance music in operas and suites. Come on, four-quarters.

Gregorian Chant (English) is translated as "plainsong". The oldest collection of religious songs preserved by the Roman church and still in use today is named after Pope Gregory I ... One-part melody, free rhythm, can be divided into two categories according to the cadence of Latin lyrics: (1) the whole set of hymns of church mass, with the theme of Jesus' last supper and suffering; ⑵ The "Day-shift" hymn used in the temple at different times every day.

35. Habanella (Habanella, West; Abanella (Italian) is translated as "Avoinet La". Dance music originated in Havana, Cuba, with slow double beats and syncopation in the first beat. It was introduced to Spain in the19th century.

36. Hallelujah (Hebrew; Hallelujah (La) in Hebrew originally means "Song of Praise to God", which is a special word in the Bible to praise God with joy. Baroque composers are often used in oratorios, oratorios and other large-scale vocal works, such as the chorus Hallelujah in Handel's Messiah.

37. Humor (French) is a relatively free genre of instrumental music that prevailed in the19th century, such as dvorak's Humor Op.10/.

38. Impromptu (France) is a piano ditty genre prevailing in19th century, which is characterized by elegance, freedom and agility. For example, Schubert's piano impromptu.

39. Episode (English; Entr'acte (France) is the same as intermezzo⑵ (2) and (4).

40.intermezzo (Italian) (1), a short play with music popular in 16 and 17 centuries, is the predecessor of 18 century comic opera. (2) instrumental music between two acts of drama or opera. There was an episode. (3) Independent instrumental sketches, such as piano ditties by Brahms and others. (4) Short movements (symphonies, concertos, sonatas) in multi-movement works.

4 1. Introduction (English) is the beginning of music, which is often found in symphonies, sonatas, string quartets and other large-scale works, and its rhythm is usually slow, in sharp contrast to the allegro theme.

42. Jazz (English) originated from American music style in the early 20th century. It includes the rhythm of African drum music, European harmony, the singing method of American gospel songs, blues (that is, "blues"), "ragtime" and many other factors. 19 15 is called jazz, but its meaning is vague. Later, many types were developed, such as swing, bebop, bop and so on.

43. Giger (Giger, England; Giger, France) English dance music appeared in16th century, prevailed in Europe in17th century, and was often used in suites. Fast and lively, three times the time.

44.jota (West) is a Spanish dance music that originated in Aragon. It is fast and has three beats, accompanied by guitar and castanets.

45.lied (Germany) originally meant Song. Now it refers to German and Austrian romantic songs, such as Schubert, Schumann, Brahms and Wolff. Its characteristic is that the lyrics are short poems, music and poetry are closely combined, and piano accompaniment plays an important role in setting off the atmosphere and describing the scene.

46. Pastoral (Italian pastoral; (English) Italian ancient secular music. It first appeared in14th century, mostly in the form of two-part (or three-part) polyphony, and developed into the most common five-part polyphonic duet or chorus in16th century. There are also solo forms, such as Monteverdi's works.

47. March (March, England; Malsch, Germany; Music accompanying the parade. Two beats or four beats (there are also 6/8 beats for quick beats), the re-beat is prominent and the phrases are symmetrical. It is often used in operas and symphonies, such as the Grand March in Verdi's Aida and the Funeral March in Beethoven's Third Symphony.

48. Mass (English; German industrial exposition; Missa, the Latin music used by Catholicism (old Christianity) for Eucharist etiquette, consists of a whole set of hymns and is sung in Latin. The traditional form of mass has five fixed parts: Pity Sutra, Gloria, Credo, Sanktus and Agnus Dey. In the late Middle Ages, some of these movements began to be arranged in multi-voices, and later they had rich and free creation.

49. mazur (Bo) Polish folk dance music, medium or fast, three beats, the rhythm is dependent, and the strong beat is often on the second or third beat. Chopin highly artistically created a large number of piano mazurka dances.

50. minuets (French Menué; Minuet, meaning; Minuet, England)/kloc-a medium-speed triple-beat dance music popular in France in the 0/7th century, which originated from the folk and later became a court dance. 18th century, often used in multi-instrument music, such as the third movement of symphony, string quartet, etc.