Physics is a subject based on experiments. The opening of research-oriented courses provides a broader world for middle school physics teaching, and of course it also puts forward new requirements for middle school physics teaching methods and teaching models. The following are some shallow thoughts on how to carry out research-based learning teaching in middle school physics.
? First, guide students to learn independently and stimulate students' interest in learning physics
? To enable middle school students to learn physics independently, we must first make them like physics and understand its research methods. Teachers can guide students to read popular science books and related physics magazines, take reading notes, and consult relevant physical materials online, so that students can understand the meaning of physical knowledge, the history of physical development, and the charm of physics in promoting the development of human society, thus stimulating students' interest in physics and cultivating students' ability of independent learning.
? 1. Guide students to understand the development history of physics and improve the level of scientific thinking.
? The historical process of the development of physics shows all aspects of the formation process of physics discipline system, such as physicists' strange and great ideas and great discoveries, their successes and failures, academic debates and the quality of dedication to science. At the same time, major scientific discoveries are always inseparable from the innovative activities of physicists. Therefore, letting students know the history of physics independently is conducive to cultivating their innovative spirit and improving their scientific thinking level.
? 2. Understand the charm of physics and stimulate students' interest in learning physics.
? Physics is a basic science of nature, which was gradually established and constantly improved by predecessors through summing-up, induction, abstraction, verification and other thinking links in the process of understanding and exploring nature. The basic viewpoints such as the concept of time and space, the concept of matter and the concept of nature formed by physics research have had a far-reaching impact on the whole human culture and are the basic viewpoints that scientific and technological personnel from all walks of life must have. Most of the scientific methods formed in the process of studying problems in physics have become the basic methods of scientific research and the most effective methods to cultivate and improve the quality of talents. Through research study, imitating scientific research ideas, students can understand the characteristics and basic nature of physics development, which can further improve the ideological, humanistic and methodological connotation of physics teaching.
? Physics is also a practical subject, which is closely related to production and life and can make human life better. For example, the development of physics and energy, energy and environmental protection, and the application of high-performance physical materials have brought great changes to human life. If students can consciously understand the role and status of physics and its relationship with human life by consulting popular science magazines, physics magazines and using information on the Internet under the guidance of teachers, it will stimulate students' interest in learning physics.
? Middle school students are in a period of rapid growth in physical strength and intelligence. They are energetic, smart, studious and easy to accept new things. They are curious, studious and active. They are curious about all unknown things and always want to get to the bottom of it. Research-oriented courses generally have the characteristics of visualization, concreteness and novelty. If we can make full use of these resources in teaching, we can mobilize students' psychology in this period to the maximum extent.
? Second, guide students to effectively carry out research-based learning
? To carry out research-based learning activities in senior high school physics, we should have the teaching concept of classification and progression. We should not only consider students' hobbies, the subject foundation and research conditions of the school, but also consider students' development. The difficulty of choosing a topic should go from shallow to deep, otherwise it will affect their interest and dampen their enthusiasm.
? 1. Choose a good topic for inquiry learning.
? Choosing a good theme is the key to the success of the activity. When students begin to contact with research-based learning, teachers can choose appropriate topics according to the students' knowledge level. With the continuous development of activities, when students' research study reaches a certain level, they should be encouraged to choose their own topics, because the process of selecting topics is a process of learning and thinking. The topic selection of physics inquiry learning can be considered from the following three aspects:
? (1) Subject knowledge-based topic selection. Collect knowledge points that can be deepened, expanded and discussed in teaching, and improve demonstration experiments and student experiments. This way of topic selection requires teachers and students to be good at innovation, thinking, finding problems and taking good reading notes in the usual teaching and learning process. For example, when studying the section of deformation and elasticity, we might as well put forward such a topic. How to deal with the deformation of hard objects? Students can be encouraged to design and explore with various equipment and methods; When studying ohm's law, students can be encouraged to independently study the volt-ampere characteristics of various bulb filaments; When learning the characteristics of series, parallel and closed circuits, students can be guided to modify ammeters and make their own ohmmeters. After learning the phenomenon of self-inductance, we can further study the related factors affecting the size of self-inductance coefficient; After studying the refraction and total reflection of light, we can measure the refractive index of various liquids. In fact, as long as the relevant teaching content is excavated, some valuable research topics can be put forward.
(2) Hot topics. "Greenhouse effect" is one of the hot issues of social concern. There are two academic views on this issue: one holds that the cause of temperature rise is mainly caused by human activities; Another view is that it is the result of periodic changes of the earth itself. The research on this problem can guide students to consult all kinds of relevant materials and make some investigations, and guide students to discuss the main sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the penetration of electromagnetic waves of various wavelengths into carbon dioxide, the physical model of solar radiation warming the atmosphere and the impact of long-term periodic temperature changes on the environment. Finally, write a short paper based on the existing materials and their own analysis. This not only increases knowledge and broadens horizons, but also helps to explore.
? (3) Topics for social life. It is also an optional material for physics research study to select topics related to physics from the impact of some specific science and technology on society or from daily life. For example, anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a new technology in recent years, which automatically controls the pressure between the friction plate and the wheel disc when braking, so that the wheel does not slide against the ground, and the driver can still control the driving direction of the car. In this case, most of the mechanical energy is consumed by the friction between the friction plate and the wheel. Although this technology is relatively new, its physical model is not complicated, so we can do more in-depth research with the knowledge of high school physics.
? In short, as long as we can pay more attention to the changes of social life and surrounding environment in the usual learning process, there are endless research topics to choose from.
? 2. Inquiry learning should reflect openness.
? Inquiry learning emphasizes students' autonomy and inquiry learning. Students choose and determine the research content according to their own interests, mostly from their study, life and phenomena around them. The implementation of the research content mainly depends on the teaching materials and resources inside and outside the school. Teachers can only play the role of participants and instructors in the whole research process, and cannot interfere too much. They should fully reflect students' subjectivity and autonomy. The ways and methods of students' research study should be diversified. The content and form of research should break through the original closed state of subject teaching, and carry out research-based learning in an open, active, pluralistic and cooperative learning environment, which is conducive to cultivating students' ability to actively think, explore, discover, solve, communicate and cooperate. In the process of physics research study, the laboratory can be opened to students, allowing them to design, operate and complete experiments independently. Open the reading room, let students consult the materials themselves, and cultivate students' ability to go to society and choose research materials.
? 3. Inquiry learning should attach importance to the inquiry learning process.
? The main activity program of inquiry learning is shown in the following block diagram:
? Inquiry learning is different from traditional subject teaching, which only pays attention to students' quantifiable and operable learning results. Inquiry learning should regard the learning process as more important than the result. After selecting the topic, we should first guide students to analyze the topic carefully, find out the existing problems, establish the conceptual framework of the problem and put forward the expected goals. Secondly, students should consult materials, have group discussions, design research plans, and then demonstrate the feasibility of the plans. Through repeated revision and demonstration, a more feasible research scheme is determined. Thirdly, study according to the research plan. Teachers should guide students to carefully observe every link of the experimental process, make experimental records, think and analyze, solve problems and setbacks, and then get research results. Then test and evaluate the research process and results, and finally summarize and communicate. Even if the result is immature and ridiculous, it is not commendable. However, through a series of personal experiences, students can understand the general process and methods of scientific research, exercise their ability to communicate and cooperate with others, and know that there are many channels to obtain knowledge and information besides teaching materials, which is conducive to students' scientific spirit and attitude and to cultivating students' innovative quality and ability. Therefore, paying attention to the process of inquiry learning is the main purpose of offering inquiry learning.