(1) During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, handicraft centers were concentrated along the Grand Canal and the Yangtze River valley. Since the pre-Qin period, handicraft centers have been concentrated on both sides of the Yellow River for a long time, showing an east-west trend. Since Wei and Jin Dynasties, South China has been developed rapidly, social and economic development has been accelerated, and agriculture and handicrafts have gradually prospered. As can be seen from the figure, the main handicraft centers in Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as Dingzhou, Xingzhou, Gongxian, Songzhou, Bozhou, Yangzhou, Xuanzhou, Yuezhou, Suzhou, Hongzhou, Yizhou, etc., are all located on both sides of the Grand Canal and in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, showing a north-south trend as a whole, and showing a trend of continuous southward migration and extension. This also shows that the economic structure of China has begun to change.

(2) There are many kinds of handicrafts with superb skills. The picture directly reflects the manufacture of brocade, silk, celadon and white porcelain, ships, bronze mirrors, Tang Sancai and other products, with a wide variety and fine division of labor, and many new products have appeared. Compared with the past, the production level of handicraft industry has been greatly improved.

(3) A large number of emerging industrial and commercial cities have emerged. With the continuous development of the south of the Yangtze River and the opening of the Canal, many emerging industrial centers and cities have emerged along the Canal and along the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, such as Bianzhou, Songzhou, Bozhou, Xuanzhou and Suzhou. These cities extend from north to south, which is in line with the economic development trend in the south. These cities are both handicraft centers and prosperous commercial centers. Among them, six cities are the most prominent, namely Chang 'an, Luoyang and Bianzhou in the Yellow River basin in the north, Yangzhou and Yizhou in the Yangtze River basin in the south, and Guangzhou in the Pearl River basin. Chang 'an and Luoyang were very prosperous in the early Tang Dynasty, and Yangzhou and Yizhou were the most prosperous in the later period. There is a saying that Yang is the best in the world, and there is also a proverb that Yang is good for two.

(4) North-South economic development is basically balanced. Since Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the population of the north has been moving southward, bringing a large number of labor, advanced technology and production tools to the south. The rulers of the capital city in Jiangnan also pay more attention to production, and the relatively stable social environment and suitable natural conditions in the south make the economic status of the south improve day by day. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the southern economy continued to develop. After the Anshi Rebellion, social unrest in the north and relative stability in the south led to another peak of population migration to the south, which made the economic center shift to the south, and handicraft centers and businesses in the south increased day by day.

(5) Developed foreign trade. During this period, the prosperity of feudal economy, especially the southern economy, promoted the continuous development of some port cities in the southeast coast, such as Yangzhou and Guangzhou, and occupied an increasingly important position in foreign trade. A large number of domestic and foreign commodities are distributed here, and businessmen from all countries and nationalities gather here, making these two cities once famous metropolises. The Maritime Silk Road from Yangzhou and Guangzhou and the Land Silk Road from Xi 'an are neck and neck, reaching Korea and Japan in the east and the Indian Peninsula and the Red Sea coast in the west. On the one hand, it has widely spread Chinese culture, on the other hand, it has absorbed a large number of advanced cultural achievements of other nationalities and regions, promoted friendly economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, and promoted the development and progress of world civilization.

Later, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the centralization of power was constantly strengthened, that is, the emperor held all the power in his own hands, and the system did not carry out many favorable reforms, or continued to use that system. From a political point of view, it is probably that the relations of production have not adapted to the growing productive forces, and they have grown up (I can't remember clearly). There were workshops in the Ming and Qing dynasties, that is, there were small capitalists, but the society was not a capitalist society, which restricted economic development. At that time, Britain was a capitalist society, and China naturally fell behind ... But in fact, compared with the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there was still economic development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but it was slower than the whole world, stuck on its laurels and retrogressed.