(A) change ideas
It has been repeatedly stressed that we should not always think that Chinese is a liberal arts, that our Chinese scores will not be improved, and that we will not get extra points in the Chinese college entrance examination. The key is not to learn high school Chinese like junior high school Chinese. Only by clarifying this truth can the Chinese scores in the college entrance examination be really improved. This means that, firstly, learning Chinese can't rely on "rote memorization" or mastering those stylized and fixed answer routines and templates, especially on topics such as appreciation of ancient poetry, modern literature, reading of ancient prose and composition.
(2) Have two abilities.
What do high school students take in the Chinese college entrance examination? The core is to examine students' two abilities: one is thinking ability, which is simply the ability to understand and judge, which is embodied in two abilities: (1) reading ability, reading modern literature and ancient prose in the test questions. The goal is to examine students' ability to accurately grasp the meaning of single words and phrases in the context, and to summarize and filter the main or core information of paragraphs and full texts. (2) Comprehension ability, which requires students to understand semantic information from given materials, including themes, central arguments, practical connections with life and society, and the deep meanings and implications of composition materials. In essence, reading ability focuses on generalization, and understanding ability focuses on deductive reasoning. Although the two abilities are often inseparable. The second is expressive ability, which refers to how to skillfully use Chinese and Chinese characters to express their new views and opinions on life and society in combination with given materials. The specific test questions are embodied in the appreciation of ancient poetry, inquiry questions and composition writing, with a score of nearly 80 points. Students should be reminded that language expression focuses on "three haves", that is, "thinking", "true feelings" and "order", and vice versa.
Second, overcome the problem of size.
Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle. In order to really improve the efficiency of Chinese learning and effectively improve the scores of Chinese college entrance examination, students must be able to find the main problems in their Chinese learning. Some of these problems are "common problems" that everyone is prone to commit. Once corrected, they will be ahead of others; Some of them belong to their own unique "small problems", which can be corrected in time and can also improve Chinese performance quickly. Because of this, whether reviewing by yourself or learning from teachers, only "the right medicine" can effectively learn. After all, finding the right problem and reason is actually half the battle.
(A) the impact of college entrance examination Chinese scores' four common problems'
Common fault one: the reading answer is inaccurate and not detailed.
The proposition of reading comprehension in college entrance examination focuses on the stem and alternative answers. Once many students read the written materials, they immediately read the answers hastily, and it is difficult to choose the right ones, especially social science articles. This is also the first item in China's college entrance examination. An important difference between reading comprehension in NMET and NMET is to realize intensive reading, which is not only reflected in the reading of given text materials, but also in the reading of questions and alternative answers. The so-called "essence" means that readers (candidates) are required to grasp the author's writing intention, the basic framework of the materials and the core ideas reflected by the given materials (texts) from behind or literally, so it is necessary to find the necessary discourse markers, such as conjunctions, repeated words, critical statements, quoted statements and concluding statements. It should be noted that "grasping the bid" is the propositional thinking of the questioner, and of course it is also the "trick" for candidates to read materials. As far as the topic is concerned, it is necessary to find the "eye of the question", that is, the proposition intention or key of the proposer. As far as the answer is concerned, it can carefully analyze the grammatical and semantic structure of each alternative answer, exclude those marks that obviously do not belong to the correct option by exclusion, and then analyze and filter them.
Common fault 2: lack of poetry appreciation ability
We can pay attention to the fact that the poetry appreciation materials for the college entrance examination are mainly lyric poems about scenery, especially poems about scenery description. This requires candidates to develop a reasonable imagination in combination with the original poem and show the beauty of the poem they feel, including the beauty of language, image (artistic conception) and thoughts and feelings. However, many students' answers are dry and unattractive, and even become direct translations of poems. This is the second place to draw points.
Common fault 3: exploration will not be linked with practice.
The inquiry questions are distributed in the practical reading section, that is, "novel reading" or "biography reading" (choose one from the other). It's usually a question of eight points. The inquiry question is actually a mini-argumentative essay, which means that no argument, argument or conclusion can be less. Just sum up the argument from the original text, and the conclusion should be related to the social reality of individual or group life. However, candidates are often "unlearned": they cannot effectively summarize the original text and list the reasons or causes in detail; "Investigating without probing" only talks about the phenomena in the materials, and it is difficult to promote the connection between the core idea and reality and practice. We should know that the "exploration" of "inquiry" focuses on the reasons, and the "investigation" focuses on how to do it, and what is the enlightenment. Inquiry questions are also one of the sub-items of Chinese in college entrance examination.
Common fault 4: an example of superposition of combined views
Facing the current "new material composition", our candidates basically write an 800-word argumentative essay. Whether it is "positive theory" or "refutation theory", the key is to prove to others that the central argument deduced from the material is correct. In order to prove our point of view is correct, we have to learn from others and talk about the past and the present! However, every year in the college entrance examination composition, a large number of candidates use composition routines and templates to write the kind of "opinions plus examples" composition. The result is that there are many examples, all of which are said by others, and their own judgments and analysis are few and far between. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that the composition of the new material of the college entrance examination: viewpoint+example = composition failure, viewpoint+example piling = composition complete failure! This is the biggest common fault in the college entrance examination language, and it should also be the most important one. About composition, I probably think the most. If there is an opportunity in the future, I would like to talk to you in detail, including how to examine the topic, conception, introduction, theory, argument, ending, structure and so on. Because there are too many problems involved, I'm afraid I won't talk about it.
(B) the impact of the results of the college entrance examination "eight small problems."
Question 1: the handwriting is scrawled and the surface of the roll is messy; Question 2: Grammatical errors and typos; Question 3: Misuse of punctuation and nonstandard writing; Question 4: Unreasonable translation, missing the key points; Question 5: the language is dry and lacks literary talent; Question 6: the topic is mediocre and biased; Question 7: The quotation is wordy and the argument is unclear; Question 8: The argument is stale and the ending is dull.
The above "six seven eight" articles are mainly aimed at composition. Not all students have these "small problems". But whether it exists or not, it is still very important to pay attention to it and try to avoid it. Those students who have the above-mentioned minor problems should pay more attention to correcting them.
Third, the solution to the problem.
In order to solve the above problems, I personally think that if senior high school students want to improve their Chinese performance, they must do "four diligence", that is, "moving their eyes, practicing, thinking and saving".
(1) Keep your eyes open.
At present, due to the heavy academic burden and exam-oriented education, most students are busy attending classes, making up lessons and finishing homework, and have little time to read, which leads to our high school students' narrow reading and knowledge. In order to cope with the relatively diverse knowledge involved in NMET reading comprehension materials, it is necessary for candidates to read more, such as: reading some articles with similar styles to the examination materials, such as Xinhua Digest, People's Daily (theoretical edition), Guangming Daily (theoretical edition) and other social science papers; Read the "Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry" and other model essays on appreciation of ancient poetry, and learn the interpretation and expression of appreciation of ancient poetry from famous scholars and authorities. You can also look through history books, find one or two good biographies of historical figures to read, and carefully consider their language characteristics, content structure and other information. In addition, after studying, we should insist on watching mainstream media such as CCTV and evening news to understand the "latest news" of people's livelihood, so that our perspective can be extended to a broader social reality.
(2) Practice hard.
It is not advisable to review Chinese learning in senior high school. In particular, don't buy a problem set and simulation questions to do repeatedly. With so much core knowledge of Chinese, it is very important to learn and use it flexibly. But not doing more questions doesn't mean not doing them at all. In fact, there is a common problem among high school students. It is rare to complete a full set of Chinese test questions and simulation questions according to the time and requirements stipulated in the college entrance examination, especially it is easy to separate the composition from the previous 17 objective questions, and the actual combat effect is very poor. A college entrance examination, the composition time is not enough, or too much time is left, which affects the effect of answering questions before. You know, for the exam, "only when it is like an exam at ordinary times can the exam be like an exam at ordinary times." This requires candidates to complete a set of Chinese test papers in strict accordance with the college entrance examination standards on a regular basis.
On the other hand, you can "imitate sentences and write paragraphs until you imitate classic articles". Without high-level imitation, it is difficult to be original. Especially the training of expression ability.
(3) Use your head and think hard
Mainly can often recall and recite the stem of the Chinese test paper 17 in the college entrance examination. Find the test sites where you often make mistakes through thinking. Try to sum up and find a solution by yourself.
(4) Write hard and save hard.
It is mainly to accumulate some unique theoretical arguments of universal classics, such as famous sentences in prose of pre-Qin philosophers, famous sentences in "Four Books and Five Classics" and famous sentences in ancient poems. These can often reflect the examinee's traditional cultural background and Chinese literacy. Secondly, to practice compressing materials, it is best to use the structure of "parallelism+(metaphor)+example+viewpoint". Finally, practice and accumulate wonderful paragraphs at the beginning and end of the composition.
Fourth, break through the difficulties.
If you want to improve your Chinese performance, you must break through the "four key points", which is of course the difficulty of the college entrance examination. I summed it up in four sentences, that is, "reading this article is three details, the biography of ancient Chinese prose is three sides, the appreciation of ancient poetry is like the meaning of words, and the composition arguments are analyzed." "Reading this text focuses on three details" is aimed at reading comprehension questions, that is, candidates are required to "read the text carefully to find marks, read the questions carefully to find questions, and read the answers carefully to find differences" when doing reading comprehension questions. The biography of ancient prose Sanli is aimed at the reading and translation of ancient prose. Biography of ancient prose is nothing more than describing the "words, virtues and merits" of historical figures. It will be very concise to grasp such a main line to summarize information. Appreciation of Ancient Poetry with Words, Images and Meanings is another difficult point in the college entrance examination. Excellent poetry works generally have three elements: speech, image and meaning. Language-level "writing", word-based "poetic eye" and sentence-based "rhetoric" are all aimed at describing and shaping "images" (things or images, images), and ultimately, of course, they should reflect the poet's thoughts and feelings. Grasping this main line is very beneficial to understanding and appreciating poetry. The final "reanalysis of composition arguments" is aimed at the biggest difficulty of college entrance examination "new material composition". The core is to ask candidates to make a detailed analysis of deductive and deductive arguments after citing facts and theoretical arguments.