Talking about the prevention and control of garden diseases and insect pests With the continuous improvement of social system and the rapid development of national economy, people's requirements for quality of life are getting higher and higher. Relatively speaking, high-quality environmental coefficient is essential. Therefore, the state has put forward strategies related to the goal of building an ecological garden city, and encouraged some big cities to set an example, such as Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, to start ecological garden projects one after another. Moreover, the policy covers a wide range, and it also requires building a new socialist countryside and reaching the standard of greening both urban and rural areas. However, in the process of production, cultivation, maintenance and management of garden plants, they often suffer from a variety of pests and diseases, which has become a problem that can not be ignored in the process of cultivation and maintenance management of garden plants. As far as Tianjin is concerned, through consulting relevant information, in the past eight years, garden pests and diseases in our city have been on the rise year by year. The species of common pests and diseases jumped from 158 in 2002 to 465 in 10. The main reasons are as follows. 1. The rise of garden industry has led to frequent introduction and seedling raising, and the scope of introduction has become larger and larger, but the internal inspection work is very unfavorable, and even this link has been directly omitted. Therefore, pests "board" seedlings and seeds and "travel" everywhere, and global warming provides very favorable conditions for the "long-term settlement" of these pests and diseases. 2, the prevention and control work is unfavorable. Subjective "only focus on treatment, not prevention", "superficial engineering" and "sense of officers" have seriously restricted the smooth progress of factory work. Objectively, the problems such as the dead angle of prevention and control and the increase of pest drug resistance have really affected the actual effect of prevention and control. 3. The urban ecosystem has suffered man-made destruction and almost lost its function of regulation and balance. In the large system of human beings, pests, natural enemies and abiotic factors, all ecological factors are interdependent and mutually restrictive. However, in the past, a large number of toxic and harmful pesticides were applied to nature, killing a large number of natural enemies. At the same time, a single component of chemical pesticides made pests quickly develop drug resistance, which in turn stimulated bad practices such as increasing dosage and concentration. This vicious circle has laid the groundwork for the resurgence of pests and diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to advocate "biological control" and "prevention first, comprehensive management" Among the 465 common diseases and insect pests, there are 52 leaf-eating pests, 59 sucking pests, 9 stem borers/kloc-0, 8 others and 23 diseases. The frequency of occurrence is 100%. Leaf-eating pests: Hyphantria cunea, Hyphantria cunea, Sophora japonica, Chrysopa ulmoides, Eupolyphaga, Acacia nest moth, and Hyphantria marsupium. Borer pests: Anoplophora glabripennis, Lepidoptera minor, Acacia, Ailanthus altissima, Lepidoptera. Suction-sucking pests: red spider of mountain plants, red spider of Sophora japonica, stinkbug of pear crown net, cicada, peach aphid, cicada, cicada, etc. Others: None. Disease: rose black spot 1 species. Frequency greater than 60% and less than 100%: leaf-eating pests: Spodoptera exigua, armyworm, pear star caterpillar, mulberry moth, cotton leaf roller and elm moth. Borer pests: 5 species: rose stem bee, Cerambycladus angustifolia, Cerambycladus harzianum, Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus bimaculatus. Sucking pests: mulberry Bai Dun scale insects, locust scale insects, Japanese turtle scale insects, wax insects, Euonymus japonicus scale insects, arborvitae aphids, cotton aphids, lawn mites, Spiraea aphids, Populus tomentosa, etc. 10 species. Others: None. Diseases: lawn rust and rose black spot. According to the occurrence characteristics and trends of pests, the common types of garden pests in our city are leaf-eating pests and smoking pests. Among them, sucking pests are the dominant species with the largest number and species. Followed by leaf-eating pests, both of which are the focus of prevention and control. It can be seen that the species of garden pests are evolving from big trees to small gardens, and the harmful parts are developing from exposed leaves to hidden stems. Except Hyphantria cunea, the dominant position of other leaf-eating pests has been gradually replaced by sucking pests and stem borers. The occurrence characteristics are as follows: All kinds of pests and diseases with the annual occurrence probability of 100% are leaf-eating pests: Hyphantria cunea, Hyphantria cunea, Acacia americana, Dendrolimus punctatus, Eucommia ulmoides, armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, Albizia Albizia, Hyphantria cunea, etc.1kloc-0/species. Dry-eating pests: Anoplophora glabripennis, Dendrolimus punctatus, geometrid, Acacia, Ailanthus altissima, Melia azedarach and Roselle. Pests to be used: Euonymus japonicus, red spider of hawthorn, white fly scale, mulberry scale, black locust scale, Japanese tortoise scale, red spider of Sophora japonica, stinkbug of pear crown net, locust, etc. Disease: rose black spot 1 species. Others: None. Accounting for 2 1.2%, 15.3%, 36.8% and 4.3% of the total respectively. Therefore, the probability of occurrence of stem borers in successive years is obviously higher than that of other pests and diseases, which is the difficulty of control.

According to several reasons analyzed in the data, there will still be new kinds of pests and diseases invading our city in the next few years, or some kinds of pests and diseases will increase the frequency of occurrence. In addition, due to the high probability of occurrence of stem borers, this aggregated population is in a stable position in the whole pest ecological community, which means that stem borers such as codling moth and Cerambycidae will still have a moderate occurrence trend. However, it has seriously affected the normal fertility of human beings in all aspects and directly harmed the economic interests of China. For example, the American white moth, which was introduced into China from the United States, broke out again in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong, Shaanxi and other northern provinces and cities in 2006, posing a serious threat to the greening of trees on highway trunk lines. Another data shows that there are about 500 kinds of pests and diseases in Tianjin's pest-prone areas every year, among which more than 30 kinds of pests and diseases such as locusts, cotton bollworms and wheat aphids are extremely harmful to agricultural production. According to statistics, the average annual crop diseases and insect pests in Tianjin are17.5 million mu, and the grain loss alone is more than 654.38+10,000 tons. The harm of forest plants can be seen, and the prevention and control of garden diseases and insect pests plays an important role in the production and cultivation of garden plants and the maintenance and management of garden green space. Only by scientifically and effectively preventing and controlling the diseases and pests of garden plants can the landscaping function and ecological function of garden plants be fully reflected, the production and cultivation of garden plants can be carried out normally, and the normal growth and development of garden plants can be ensured reliably. What I want to mention here is the construction of "two lines" in Tianjin. The garden department will further improve the construction of "two lines" this year. One is the prevention and control line, that is, by strengthening the investigation and forecast of insect situation, timely release the insect situation to the competent departments of landscaping and operation units in all districts and counties, so that the garden departments in all districts and counties can grasp the changes of insect situation in time and make the prevention and control work respond quickly and pertinently; The second is the service line. This summer, the garden department will announce the pest control hotline and improve the planting protection network. The public will report the pest information around them to the garden department through the hotline, and the garden professional team will arrive in time to implement pesticide spraying and take preventive measures. It is hoped that relevant departments will further improve various pest control policies in order to facilitate the harm of pests in the future.