Public security information science is an applied information discipline with departmental and industrial characteristics, which applies the theories and methods of information science to the field of public security and policing, and abstracts and summarizes the principles and laws in the practice of public security information work. Exploring and clarifying the relationship between information science and public security information science is the basis of establishing the discipline system of public security information science, and the premise of clarifying its unique theoretical structure, nature and function, and mastering the characteristics, direction and evolution law of the development of public security information science theory and practice.
Information science came into being in the 1940s. After World War II, with the rapid development of science and technology, scientific and technological information has grown geometrically. In order to deal with and solve the problem of "information explosion", promote scientific exchange and improve research efficiency, scholars began to pay attention to and study information exchange, information diffusion and information retrieval, and produced a series of theoretical works on information science. Sarah Sevic of the United States believes in Introduction to Information Science (1970) that information science is a science that specializes in the study of human communication phenomena and the characteristics of communication systems [1]. In his classic book Science Communication and Information Science (1976), mikhailov, an information scientist in the former Soviet Union, thought that the main task of information science was to study the theory of science communication [2]. Introduction to Information Science (Yan Yimin, 1983), the first official information science textbook in China, also holds that [3] "Information science takes information as a universal social phenomenon and takes the whole information exchange activity as the research object. Information science is a scientific discipline that specializes in the composition and characteristics of scientific information and the regularity of the whole process of scientific communication. " In addition, gofman's information contagion theory [4], Fei Sen's microscopic information dissemination theory [5], Wickley's information transmission theory [6] and Feng's "information superposition" and logarithmic transformation theory of information exchange [7] all extend information exchange from the field of science and technology to the scope of social information, and attach importance to the study of communication process, thus developing the scientific information exchange theory. Until today, communication theory is still one of the mainstream research paradigms in the field of information science in China.
Since the early 1990s, information science in China has entered a low point of development. During this period, many publications stopped publishing, and the number of articles published dropped sharply [8]. Therefore, the field of information science has launched a big discussion on the discipline construction of information science. The focus of the discussion is to extend "intelligence" to the concept of "information" and "information science" to the field of "information management". Literature [9] statistics show that the number of papers starting with "information" or "information science" in Chinese information science journals is gradually decreasing. On the one hand, this confusion and pain is due to changes in the external environment. Historically, China's information science major has been attached to traditional disciplines such as library science and philology, and has made great achievements in the field of library and information, but it has not accumulated much in a broader social field, including the field of public security information. The characteristics of information science specialty in most universities in China are not outstanding, and the development direction of information science specialty in each school is concentrated in two fields: library information and competitive information. The author searched the full-text database of China journals and found 73 effective papers on public security information science [①], including 35 papers with "public security" and "intelligence" as key words (including 5 theoretical papers on public security information science, 8 papers on public security information work, and 2 papers on library construction in public security colleges). Taking "crime" and "intelligence" (or "information science") as keywords, 26 papers were retrieved, and 25 papers were not repeated; Taking "intelligence" and "criminal" (or "investigation") as keywords, 26 papers were retrieved, and 13 papers were not duplicated. Of the 73 papers, 12 are traditional library and information content, so 6 1 are completely related to the field of public security information. Statistics show that almost all public security intelligence papers are published in public security journals. There are also a few teaching materials on public security information, mainly including criminal information science and criminal investigation information science, such as A Course of Criminal Information Materials edited by Yu Fengling, Criminal Investigation Information Science edited by Ni and Gong Li. So far, there is no professional basic textbook named "Public Security Information Science" in China. All these indicate that the construction of public security information science is still in the initial exploration stage.
A subject has its universality and generality, as well as its particularity and professionalism. Contemporary information science research can be divided into specific fields and industries. Every industry has its own characteristics of information work, and information processing and analysis must also have its professional knowledge and skills. Information science theory is the "skeleton" supporting the whole social information work and the methodology guiding information practice; Public security information science is one of many kinds of information, and it is "flesh and blood". There is a "skeleton" but no "flesh and blood", and the research of information science can only wander in the world of pure theory, which is one of the reasons why information science in China is in trouble at present. The combination of the basic theories and methods of information science with public security professional knowledge is the principle for us to construct the discipline of public security information science. Public security information science should be built around this principle, and only in this way can it have its own characteristics.
Information science is a methodological science that guides concrete information practice and is the basis of all information work. Engaged in a certain aspect of intelligence work, we must master the professional knowledge and skills in this field. In this sense, information science education aims to enable people to master the laws of information movement, establish information thinking, cultivate information quality, and enable people to analyze and solve problems in their work by using information science theories and methods [10].