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It all started with a heart attack.
Heart disease is terrible. When a good man tightens his chest for no reason, his heart disease will fall down. In fact, according to the data of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), heart disease has been the top ten causes of death in the United States since 1930, and it has been going on for more than 80 years (according to the statistics of 20 15, heart disease is the second among the top ten causes of death in Taiwan Province Province). Strangely, before 1920, heart disease was not common. In fact, the first clinical description of coronary artery embolism appeared in 19 12, and there was no description of coronary artery embolism in the textbooks at that time. By AD 1950, everyone knew about heart disease. After the war, scientific research in the United States flourished, and researchers wanted to find out the cause of heart disease.
Russian pathologist Nikolai? Nikolaj Anitscow's research in 19 13 points out that feeding rabbits with a lot of cholesterol will cause atherosclerotic vascular damage in rabbits, and atherosclerosis is the main cause of heart disease. Cholesterol may be the main cause of heart disease. The increase of cholesterol in the blood is widely regarded as a possible cause of heart disease. Cholesterol can block arterial blood vessels, just like pouring hot oil into a cold water pipe, which is very convincing. Strangely, however, many studies at that time pointed out that whether the intake of cholesterol in the diet is increased or decreased (the most common source is eggs, which contain about 200 mg of cholesterol, and an eight-ounce steak contains about 150 mg), it will not affect the total cholesterol concentration in the blood. Is it not cholesterol in the diet that causes heart disease? So what is the cause of heart disease?
Ansel Benjamin Keyes seems to know the answer to this question. He is a biologist and pathologist at the University of Minnesota. 1952, he put forward the "diet-heart theory" [1], pointing out that the intake of fat in diet is closely related to the death rate of heart disease. According to this hypothesis, it is not the cholesterol in the diet that causes heart disease, but the total fat in the diet.
With the invention of gas chromatography in 1952, different kinds of fats and their effects on human physiology can be tested. At that time, it was found that the intake of vegetable oil could reduce the total sterols in the blood. Vegetable oil is different from butter, butter and other solid oils. It is mostly liquid, because vegetable oil is composed of unsaturated fat, while butter and butter are saturated fat. In 1957, Keith published many papers, pointing out that reducing saturated fat intake can reduce serum total cholesterol. "Keysequality" was also published, aiming at estimating the changes of serum cholesterol in a group of people by using the intake of saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and cholesterol. Keith appealed that if people stop eating eggs, dairy products, meat (all rich in saturated fat) and all visible fat, heart disease will become rare. He suggested that people should quickly reduce the intake of dietary fat, especially those natural fats in animal foods, and replace them with vegetable oil.