First of all, briefly introduce life.

Li Yu (937-978), the monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigned for (96 1-975), and was also the most melancholy and outstanding poet in the Five Dynasties. The word shigemitsu, the first name from Jia, number Zhong Yin. Lianfeng lay. Xuzhou (now Jiangsu) people are called Huzhou (now Zhejiang) people. The sixth son of Li Jing in the Southern Tang Dynasty, he succeeded to the throne in the second year of Song Dynasty (96 1), and was called the late master in history. In the eighth year of Kaibao, the country broke the Song Dynasty and was captured to Bianjing, where he became a general and disobeyed orders. Later he was poisoned by Song Taizong. Although Li Yu is politically incompetent, his artistic talent is extraordinary. Li has certain attainments in books, paintings, songs, poems and essays, especially in ci. There are about 32 existing Li Yu's ci poems, which can be divided into two categories: the first category was written before the Song Dynasty, mainly reflecting court life and love between men and women, with narrow themes; The second category is that after the Song Dynasty, Li Yu was deeply saddened by the national subjugation, and his memories of the past were full of his own feelings. The achievements of his works in this period far exceeded those in the previous period. Among them, masterpieces such as Young Beauty, Langtaosha and Night Cry were all made at this time. In this period, most of the ci poems were based on sadness, mainly describing the scene of dreaming from afar, and expressing infinite nostalgia for "the old country" and "the past". Li Yu occupied an important position in the history of China's ci poems and was called "the emperor of eternal ci poems". It also has a great influence on future generations. He inherited the tradition of Huajian poets since the late Tang Dynasty, but reflected a certain artistic conception with universal significance in real life through a concrete and sensible personality image, which promoted the creation of ci and expanded the field of expression of ci. Li Yuwen is rich in writing, poetry, books and painting. His ci poems are mainly included in two major ci poems in the Southern Tang Dynasty.

Li Yu is brilliant, skillful in painting, good at poetry and ode, and is a generation of poets who have been told through the ages. Unfortunately, fate played a trick on people. He was tired of playing with things, lived a luxurious life, worshipped Buddha, and was also the king of national subjugation engraved on the historical archives. Merits and demerits have become the track of history ...

When he ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty had served Song Zhengshuo and settled in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River. In the seventh year of Song Kaibao (974), Song Taizu wrote to the North many times, but he refused to leave. In October of the same year, Song Bing went south to attack Jinling. Next November, when the city is broken, the queen's flesh will come out naked, and she will be caught in Bianjing, where she will be sealed and not allowed to disobey her orders. Emperor Taizong ascended the throne and became the Duke of Longxi County. Taiping rejuvenating the country for three years (978), and Qixi was his 42nd birthday. According to the records of King Song, the beggars' sect was poisoned by morning medicine. Queen Wu was sealed and buried in Mangshan, Luoyang.

He is good at painting and calligraphy, melody and poetry, especially in the Five Dynasties. In the early stage, he wrote more about the court enjoyment life, with a soft style; The later ci poems reflect the pain of national subjugation, with expanded themes, profound artistic conception, sincere feelings, fresh language and great artistic appeal. Later generations compiled his and Li Jing's works into two major ci poems in the Southern Tang Dynasty. In the early days of his reign, the style of his poems was beautiful and soft, and he did not get rid of the habit of "flowers". After the national subjugation, during the house arrest of Lacrimosa every day, the monarch of national subjugation became the "Southern King" of the eternal ci circle (in the words of Qing Shenxiong's Ancient and Modern Thorns). It was these late ci poems, which were desolate and tragic, and had far-reaching artistic conception, which laid the foundation of Su Xin's so-called "bold and unconstrained" school and started in the history of ci. As Wang Guowei said in Ci on Earth, "Ci came to Li Houzhu and began to have a broad vision and deep feelings." As for the beauty and harmony of his sentences, it is unprecedented. The late Lord has a collection that has been lost. There are 46 words, of which only 38 words can be confirmed by previous works or others.

Second, the famous evaluation

Nantangza Guo Yong Mo

I think ignorance is the most painful, and it will be even more heartbreaking when the season comes back. Being a talented person is really unparalleled, and being a poor king is unfortunate.

Wang Guowei believes: "Wen Feiqing's words are also beautiful; Wei Duanji's words, bone show also; Li Shiguang's handwriting is also beautiful. " Moreover, he also said, "Ci has become a master's word and a scholar-bureaucrat's word. Zhou Jie is stored under Wen Wei, which can be described as reversing black and white. " This last sentence is aimed at what Zhou Ji said in "Miscellaneous Poems of Jiecunzhai": "Heshi is a beautiful woman on earth, who is good at strict makeup and light makeup, and does not hide the national color. Fei Qing, strict makeup; End yourself and make up lightly; Lord, rude and confused. " . Wang believes that this kind of comment is to promote literature and suppress Wei. There is also a view in academic circles that the original intention of Zhou Ji is that Li Yu is not as good as Wen Listening Cloud and Wei Zhuang in terms of neat words and sentences. However, as far as the vividness and fluency of ci poetry are concerned, the former is obviously more vigorous and natural, and "carelessly does not cover up the national color." Hu Yinglin's poems? Essay: After the main eye, Yuefu was Song Kaishan. Although Gavin Wei is gorgeous, his anger is quite harmful. He is full of words. At this point, he became a writer, and at the time of Qingming, he became a poet, just like Wang and Meng. Selected Figures of Song Poetry Series II

The flowers are still broken, but Li Wang and his son in the Southern Tang Dynasty are wonderful. Shen Qian (quoted from Xu Hong's Ci Yuan Cong Tan): It is true that Li Houzhu is a man and Li Yian is a woman. (Shen Xiong, ancient and modern words? Thorn (quotation): My late master neglected to govern the country, but he still didn't lose the Southern King in his words. I feel that Zhang Langzhong and Song Shangshu are straight into the official ear. Nalanxingde Dew Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge Volume 4:

Flower words, such as ancient jade, are expensive but not applicable; Song ci is applicable, but less quality is more important. Li Houzhu has its beauty, which makes it even more confusing. Huai Yu's Yu Ci? Li Zhongguang, a romantic genius, was mistaken for a master and even hated being involved in the Song Dynasty. His words, word for word, are beyond the understanding of his family. Zhou Lun Ci: The beauty of Ci is beyond human power. Zhou Ji's essays on Jie Cun Zhai Ci: Ci is like a pony, which is out of control. Beauty is beauty, and there are beauties in the world. Yan Jia, light makeup is also good, coarse clothes are messy, and the national color is not covered. Fei Qing, strict makeup; End yourself and make up lightly; The latter is rude and confused. Chen Tingzhuo's Poems on Baiyuzhai: The thought of the latter topic is sad, and the word field is not as thick as Fei Qing's, so it is better than the cow generation. (Volume 1) If you taste the first thing, you will see the fee clearly, and if you enter, you will leave; Look at yourself and fly to Qing, and it is near when you are gone. (Volume 1) Li Houzhu and Yan Shuyuan's words are incorrect, but their words are loved by everyone, and they win with affection. Love is overwhelming, but it is just a word. Although it rhymes elegantly, it is not touching. (Volume 7) Feng Xu's Selected Poems of Sixty-one Poets in the Song Dynasty? For example, from the word to the Southern Tang Dynasty, the two masters made great efforts in writing, writing and writing, which was unprecedented. The philosophers in the early Song Dynasty could not describe the two masters, and the charter was in the middle. For example, The Book of Europe, Tang and Xue all showed some evasions. Wang's "Half Soup Manuscript for the Old Man": The word "Lianfeng Jushi" is unparalleled, and its emptiness lies in the bones. The garden is empty, not as beautiful as it is; Shenghe, can you forgive me? Up-and-coming stars, between style and charm, or from May to May, got eleven thousand songs. If Xiaoyan, if Hui Temple, its ugly. Tracing back to the south, the voice of inheritance is obvious, and the qi between the covers is deafening, and the emperor in the predicate deserves it. Wang Guowei's Ci on Earth: Ci came to Li Houzhu, but it has a broad vision and deep feelings, so it became a musician's ci and a scholar-bureaucrat's ci. Jay Chou was placed under Zhu, which turned black and white. A poet is a man who never loses his childlike innocence. Therefore, being born in the palace and growing up in the hands of women is the weakness of the late master as a gentleman, which is also the strength of the poet. Subjective poets do not need to read more about the world. The shallower they look at the world, the truer their temperament, and so does Li Houzhu. Nietzsche said that all words, I love people who write with blood, and the words of the late master are really called people who write with blood. The word "Yanshan Pavilion" written by Song Daojun is similar. However, the Taoist monarch is only the meaning of his own life experience, while the deceased Lord has the meaning that Sakyamuni and Christ bear the sins of mankind, with different sizes. There are sentences in the Tang and Five Dynasties. Famous poets in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote articles without sentences. There is a saying that only Li Houzhu's works and Yongshu, Shaoyou, Meicheng and Jiaxuan are just a few people.

Four. philology

Chen's Mo Hua Zhai Ben and Lv Yuan's Selected Ten Nouns; Hou Wencan's analysis and interpretation of two main words in Southern Tang Dynasty: Fu He's poetic comments on two major words in Southern Tang Dynasty: Liu Xiao's Li Jing and Li Yu's Ci; Zhan Antai's Study of Li Houzhu's Ci in Southern Tang Dynasty: Xie Shiya's Notes on Two Major Ci Poems in Southern Tang Dynasty: Liu Jizeng's Su Series. Don't lean on the fence alone > wait.