A Psychological Paper on Coping with Frustration —— Analysis of Frustration Psychology and Coping Strategies
Abstract: Everyone will encounter all kinds of setbacks in the process of their own growth and progress. In the face of setbacks, some people are pessimistic and disappointed, while others are more frustrated and brave, and actively respond, reflecting completely different distinctive characteristics. Therefore, we must find out the causes of setbacks and adopt active and effective coping strategies in order to continuously improve our frustration tolerance and adaptability.
Keywords: frustration psychology; Frustration reaction; Frustration tolerance and adjustment
As the saying goes, life is often unsatisfactory. As individuals, people will always encounter such troubles in social life, such as poor test scores, unsatisfactory working and living conditions, low income and treatment level, not to mention the death of relatives, failure in college entrance examination, marital and family discord, natural and man-made disasters and other major aspects, which will cause people's grievances, anger, deep pain and frustration, leading to frustration.
First, frustration and its causes
From the psychological point of view, frustration refers to the emotional state in which individuals encounter interference and obstacles in the process of engaging in purposeful activities, resulting in failure to achieve their goals and meet their needs. This includes two meanings: frustration situation and frustration response. The former refers to various subjective and objective factors that hinder the realization of the goal, including natural and social environmental factors, among which social environmental factors have a greater and far-reaching impact on people's behavioral motives than natural environmental factors. The latter refers to the emotional reactions such as anger, fear and anxiety caused by some obstacles and interference that make the needs unsatisfied. When individuals are frustrated, frustration situations and frustration reactions are always closely linked.
In order to deal with setbacks effectively, we must carefully find out the causes of setbacks. There are many reasons for depression. Generally speaking, it can be divided into objective reasons and subjective reasons.
First, as far as objective reasons are concerned, such as poor environmental conditions, poor diet conditions and poor living and working conditions. These may be frustrating. Environmental conditions include natural conditions and social conditions. Generally speaking, the setbacks caused by natural conditions are lighter, while those caused by social conditions are heavier. When a person comes to a new environment, once he finds that the realistic conditions he faces are far from his ideal situation, he will feel unbalanced and lost. If interpersonal relationships are not very harmonious and the conditions for personal growth and development are not ideal, it is more likely to produce frustration. Another factor that easily leads to frustration is personal physical quality and psychological quality. Personal height, appearance, ability, economic status, social status, illness and some physical defects (such as stuttering, color blindness) and other restrictions, psychological motivation conflict may make people feel frustrated. Motivation conflict is more obvious and intense than the frustration caused by individual physiological conditions. We often face motivation conflicts, because everyone has various needs and motivations, but not all of them can be obtained, especially at the same time. So, you will meet the so-called? You can't have your cake and eat it? what's up Two-way conflict? ; Afraid of wolves before the accident and tigers after the accident? Avoidance-avoidance of conflict? , and similar? Chicken ribs in hand, tasteless to eat, what a pity to abandon? what's up Avoid conflict? Wait a minute. Generally speaking, in the motivation conflict, when an individual's important motivation is blocked, he will feel more frustrated, while when his less important motivation is blocked, it is easy to be overcome or replaced by the satisfaction of other motives, which only constitutes a kind of lost psychological feeling, and the frustration formed is much smaller.
Secondly, as far as subjective reasons are concerned, among the various subjective factors that affect setbacks, personal ambition level, frustration tolerance, personality characteristics, past experiences and experiences, and social support obtained after setbacks are the most important. If a person's actual achievement level is higher than his ambition level, he will feel satisfied and have a sense of accomplishment. The higher his actual achievement level, the stronger his sense of accomplishment will be. On the contrary, if a person's actual achievement level is lower than his ambition level, he will feel depressed and anxious. The lower his actual achievement level, the stronger his frustration will be. Therefore, ambition and high level of self-estimation are important subjective factors that cause setbacks. In addition, the individual's tolerance for setbacks is different, and the degree of setbacks will be different. Some people can endure serious setbacks without losing heart, and some people will be depressed when they encounter small setbacks. This tolerance for setbacks is related to a person's physiological conditions, past setbacks and subjective evaluation of setbacks. Generally speaking, strong people are more tolerant of setbacks than thin people, and those who have experienced hardships in life are more tolerant of setbacks than those who have been smooth sailing. Judging from the personality characteristics, a positive and optimistic attitude and an open-minded and cheerful personality are of positive significance to bear setbacks.
Second, strategies to eliminate setbacks
Generally speaking, the more serious the nature of frustration itself is to people, the greater the frustration response; The greater the intensity of frustration itself, the more obvious the frustration response. But in real life, the same frustration event or frustration situation may have different effects and results for different people.
According to the various reactions that individuals are prone to when facing setbacks, we propose the following coping strategies:
First, actively adapt to improve the ability to adapt to setbacks.
What are we proposing here? Setback adjustment? It refers to the ability to directly and actively adjust, change and improve setbacks. Positive frustration adaptation is a key quality of mental health and a sign of mature personality. Not only in dealing with setbacks, but also in the coordination and improvement of the ever-changing external environment and internal environment.
The frustration adaptation and frustration tolerance mentioned earlier are both related and different, both of which are adaptation to setbacks. Tolerance is the basis of adjustment. Without tolerance, adjustment will lose its support, and adjustment is the development of tolerance and the highest stage of adaptation. The development of regulatory power can enhance tolerance, with good regulatory power and high general tolerance; However, the development of endurance does not necessarily improve the adjustment ability, and strong endurance does not necessarily mean good adjustment ability, but can only be manifested as endurance without showing adjustment ability. This is the interconnection of the two.
There are differences between resilience and tolerance: ① Tolerance is passive adaptation to setbacks, that is, tolerance, acceptance and tolerance, while resilience is active adaptation to setbacks, that is, adjustment, improvement, overcoming and overcoming; ② Endurance shows resistance to frustration load, while adaptation shows the ability to transform frustration situations; Patience is to accept the reality, reduce frustration, adjustment is to change the status quo and win the success of the matter itself; ④ The typical personality characteristic of forbearance is to bear the burden of humiliation, and the typical personality characteristic of adjustment is to strive for progress. Generally speaking, active adaptation is better than passive adaptation, and the application of frustration adaptation is better than that of frustration tolerance.
Second, establish self-confidence and adjust personal ambition level in a timely manner.
In the face of setbacks, it is to build self-confidence so that we can make wise use of the adjustment force of setbacks. Because only if you have confidence in your ability, you will not think that disaster is imminent and panic and collapse in the face of temporary failure. In fact, the higher a person's goal in life, the more enterprising he is, and the easier it is to feel setbacks keenly. For example, in the exam, both A and B got 80 points. A was dejected and despondent, thinking that he was facing a major failure, because his goal was above 90 points, while B was elated and thought that he had succeeded, because his goal was 60 points, and passing was enough. Therefore, the level of ambition we set for ourselves should be close to our actual situation, so that we will not always feel frustrated and our self-confidence will not be hit repeatedly. Be careful not to be blind and confident, even if you fail many times in actual study, you still insist on your own opinions and refuse to admit that the gap between actual academic performance and ambition level is too large; Also be careful not to lose confidence in learning, not to give up hope of success, not to give up on yourself, and not to be depressed after many failures. We should objectively analyze our strengths and weaknesses, accept our present situation, set realistic goals for ourselves, set an appropriate level of ambition, and gradually strive to achieve our lofty goals.
Third, analyze the causes of setbacks and constantly improve yourself.
It is a positive way to get out of setbacks quickly by actively adjusting negative emotions such as resentment, hatred, self-blame or regret. However, facing up to the causes of setbacks, especially personal shortcomings, is the fundamental way to deal with setbacks. For example, when college students encounter setbacks in their studies, they attribute the failure to bad luck, failing to guess the topic, or to the teacher's examples and achievements, instead of attributing the failure to their own incomplete knowledge and insufficient efforts, that is, they have not found the fundamental way to overcome the setbacks, and they will still encounter the same setbacks when they face the exam next time and fall into negative emotions again. Therefore, after encountering setbacks, in addition to improving your ability to cope with setbacks and psychological pressure, it is more important to overcome your own shortcomings and learn some new skills to make yourself grow and progress.
Fourth, strengthen the frustration education in social education and school education.
Generally speaking, more social experience and good cultural literacy are the fundamental guarantee to enhance frustration tolerance. People who are weather-beaten, have experienced hardships in life, have rich social experience and profound cultural knowledge can generally correctly analyze and understand the causes of setbacks and find effective ways to get rid of them. On the contrary, life experience is relatively smooth and short, with little social experience and poor cultural knowledge. People often feel helpless in the face of setbacks and are finally conquered by setbacks. Therefore, frustration education should be added to social practice education to improve people's frustration tolerance; We should vigorously strengthen students' mental health education in school education, and enhance students' ability to adapt to setbacks in order to meet the challenges of future work. At the same time, we should organically unify social education and frustration education in school education, make overall consideration and overall planning, strive to improve the frustration tolerance and adaptability of all the people, train qualified talents to meet the requirements of the new century and new era, and make more and better contributions to China's socialist modernization and building a well-off society in an all-round way.
refer to
[1] stone. On the psychological defense mechanism of frustration [J]. Lanzhou Academic Journal, 1996, (2).
[2] Zhou Xiaohong. Modern social psychology [M]. Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1997.
[3] Liu Zhaoping. Strengthening frustration education for college students [J]. Journal of Nantong Institute of Technology, 2000, (3).
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