How to deal with 1 underwater biological attack?
Someone is suddenly taken away by octopus in the water, which may be only an occasional "prank" for octopus and may be life-threatening for divers.
Coping with:
It is rare to be attacked by marine animals while diving. Even sharks who play fierce roles in movies mostly turn a blind eye to divers. But how to avoid this situation is also learned. The most important thing is not to touch anything on the bottom of the sea.
It is also very helpful for a comprehensive understanding of marine life. For example, there is a clever way to avoid shark attacks, that is, diving under sharks, which is relatively safe.
Because the sharp nose of a shark is actually the most vulnerable part of the body, in order to prevent the nose from hitting the bottom of the sea, sharks generally attack in parallel or upward, and basically do not attack downward.
Injured by ships during diving and climbing.
Some diving enthusiasts, who are very rigorous underwater, had an accident at the end of diving. People on the boat can't see the bottom of the boat. If the diver doesn't pay attention to the water above and nearby during the ascent, he is likely to be injured or even killed by a boat.
Coping with:
In order to avoid sudden injury in the process of rising, we must carefully observe the environment and listen to the sound. When we see unknown obstacles or hear the roar of the motor, we must be careful.
The standard posture of rising to the surface of the water should be reaching out, so that even if there is danger on the surface of the water, the arm will touch it first, and there is still time to adjust the body movements to save yourself.
Divers should also carefully evaluate their rising speed through diving computer watches or bubbles.
Three deadly ocean currents hidden under water
Some diving enthusiasts dive when they see the sea is calm. As a result, after entering the water, they were hit by underwater ocean currents, and some people were even hit by ocean currents on rocks, causing coma.
Coping with:
Ocean currents are generally hidden under the water surface, which is invisible to novices or people who are not familiar with the local waters. Therefore, it is necessary to ask the local people who are familiar with the situation carefully and be led into the water by local experienced diving guides, so as to effectively predict ocean currents and avoid the harm caused by ocean currents.
Some experienced divers will also go diving in the sea areas where ocean currents pass, because ocean currents will bring many creatures that are rarely seen at ordinary times. The use of hooks can reduce the danger of ocean currents, but divers need to make judgments according to environmental conditions and their own specific conditions and decide whether to try diving in ocean currents.
4 equipment failure
This point is also mentioned in risk 1, and the most dangerous equipment failure is the gas supply problem, which may be that BCD cannot inflate, BCD continues to inflate automatically, a large number of gas cylinders leak or even the gas supply is interrupted.
I mentioned some ways to prevent this from happening before, but what preventive measures are there in case you have a bad personality?
Coping with:
In fact, you have very few choices. To be precise, there are only two. Ask your potential partner for help or carry water.
If your potential partner is in your sight, swim to him without hesitation, signal that your air supply is interrupted, and then return to the surface with his spare vice head according to the normal procedure.
But if your potential partner is 0/0 meters away from you/kloc-and is chasing a fish to take pictures, you should make a good evaluation. Can you swim to him in one breath? At least, the water will not get farther and farther away from you! There is no fixed standard answer to this question. You can only decide according to your situation at that time. No matter what kind of judgment you make, it is ok. But if you choose the water surface, you must do a good job of rising!
Remember to be open
Does water emergency swimming teach CESA? Maybe you've been diving for years and you've forgotten it? After all, this is not the action you will do every time you get into the water. The main points of this action are: open the respiratory tract, avoid excessive expansion and injury, look up at the water surface and make a continuous purr.
Although you think you are in a state of exhaling and not inhaling, even so,
There is still a lot of air in your lungs. Even in the process of rising, the excess air in the lungs must be discharged! There is still a lot of oxygen in the air left in the lungs for you to use, but the desire to breathe is triggered by the high concentration of carbon dioxide in the body, so if you can try your best to resist this desire, you can last longer than you think! Don't faint.
5 panic
First of all, what is panic? When you are under too much pressure, panic is a natural and involuntary reaction.
This is your own response to potential danger, not controlled by your brain. Panic will make your brain blank and forget everything the coach taught you, which undoubtedly increases the risk factor of diving.
Safety rules for free diving 1. Choose your partner and never dive alone (constant weight).
Depth: Don't dive with your companions at the same time, and stick to the principle of going up and down.
Rope: the safety officer needs to watch the diving rope, and the diver needs to follow it all the time.
Partner: You need to have a certain depth (at least15m) of easy rescue ability and complete the training of rescue skills, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and oxygen management.
Face-to-face: Let the safety officer face the free diver to send the other side face to face and cross the most dangerous area-_15m to the surface. The depth of meeting the safety officer is directly proportional to the diving depth of the diver, but it should not exceed15m. In all diving, the safety officer should be responsible for timing and start diving after the planned time 1.5. Any diving over 30 meters needs a spare scuba gear and an assembled life-saving pulley, or a safety rope and retractable equipment. Different ocean/lake conditions may require different security personnel.
Never dive freely after scuba diving. You need to wait 12 hour (Henry's Law).
After scuba diving, the residual dissolved nitrogen in the tissue will cause decompression sickness: when diving freely, the microbubbles in the tissue will be recompressed and fused, and will expand rapidly when rising. This and PFO (patent foramen ovale) are one of the most dangerous situations. Rest after scuba diving 12 hours before diving freely.
Never "over-control" the elasticity of your eardrum.
Only do ear pressure balance when diving (almost every 3 meters). Don't force ear pressure balance. Don't continue after an ear pressure balance failure. Please stop this dive. Do not balance the ear pressure when rising.
The nose clip, if used, please take it off at the beginning of the ascent (this does not understand! Ramboism's example of "I want to dive 40 meters" I successfully dived to 35 meters and made ear pressure balance, but at 38 meters, I couldn't do ear pressure, but 40 meters was so close to me, and the pressure of 40 meters changed little, so I arrived. It's really tempting, but it's nothing more than betting on the elasticity of your eardrum. If you guess wrong, it will cause a series of consequences such as rupture of eardrum, extreme dizziness and nausea.
4. Always use the correct counterweight.
Too much counterweight is dangerous. It will cause the problem of ear pressure balance when falling and unnecessary energy when rising. Especially the thick diving suit used in thick winter (it will be compressed in deep water, which will reduce water diversion and buoyancy). It is ideal to achieve neutrality at 15 meters. (SSI level means at the maximum depth 1/3- 1/2).
Before diving, make a complete diving plan, including evaluating the sea area.
Every diver must follow the designated ropes and know other people's ropes. Including warm-up and deep diving. Know who the security officer is and what to do in an emergency. Sea conditions will have an impact on diving and safety mechanisms.
For example: water flow, visibility, water temperature, waves, such as the example of the shore, and traffic conditions on the water. Water flow is the most important factor to consider. In the constant balance, it takes a lot of extra efforts to stay in front of the submersible guide rope. Poor visibility, such as diving in the lake, means that more safety measures are needed. Water temperature will affect the choice of wet clothes and counterweight. The water situation can't be completely ignored, because the water traffic, small-angle sunshine and undulating waves will make it difficult for free divers to be seen on the water, which requires special attention.
6. Remove the main mouth of the breathing tube before diving.
Because after returning to the surface, you need to vomit violently to clear the water in the breathing tube. If the diver approaches his limit, it is easy to cause diving coma. Moreover, biting the breathing tube in deep water will lead to troublesome ear pressure balance, and when the diaphragm contracts, it will also cause inadvertent inhalation of seawater.
7. It is forbidden to exhale underwater, and it is forbidden to exhale forcibly when rising to the surface.
Exhale during diving will cause early ear pressure balance problems. Exhale when rising, it will lose buoyancy and cause additional upward force, and lead to shallow water coma. Any sharp decrease in lung pressure will cause oxygen in the blood to enter the lungs, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply to the brain and shallow water coma. Any diaphragm action will act as a catalyst for respiratory mechanism.
8. Don't dive without proper ropes and flags.
The safety diving guide rope needs a sign to let the safety officer know that the diver is starting to return at the bottom. If you use a buoy instead of a boat to hang the rope, it must be an orange or red buoy, which is easy to identify on the water.
It needs to be big enough not to be pulled into the water, even if two divers pull it up at the same time. Buoy needs to provide ropes and a platform for divers to rest and prepare for diving.
The safety rope should be at least 10 mm thick, so it is easier to grasp, and it is best to be white. The purpose is to rise and fall vertically. The rope also plays a safety role. If a diver drops a frog shoe or pulls a foot, he can be pulled back to the surface. For constant counterweight, 5kg is commonly used as the bottom weight, and for FIM, 30kg counterweight may be needed, corresponding to different wet clothes thickness. Ships must fly a flag with divers under it.
9. Keep the correct time for diving and know the danger of diving many times.
At least 5 to 8 minutes before diving, depending on the water temperature. The purpose is to balance the gas in the body to a normal level. Include oxygen, carbon dioxide, lactic acid, etc.
If you are trying more than 85% of your maximum depth, or challenging your personal best dive many times, it will have a serious impact on your physical skills, and the lactic acid pushed may affect the subsequent dive. Therefore, in an activity, don't do more than 1 to 2 deep challenges.
10. Don't hyperventilate.
Excessive breathing refers to taking deep breaths 15 times or more per minute (continuous rapid breathing). It will lead to high heart rate and low carbon dioxide in the early stage of diving.
Abnormal oxygen-carbon dioxide ratio will prolong the comfortable stage of holding your breath, consume the stage of "resisting diaphragm contraction" and lead to shallow water coma. Proper exchange of breath is the topic that follows. The maximum oxygen saturation and the lowest heartbeat come from slow, deep and powerful breathing, relaxation and concentration. Of course, don't overdo it.
1 1. After descending to the bottom, avoid turning too much.
Excessive somersault will cause "deep water coma", especially in ultra-deep diving, blood migration is an effect.
12. Don't look down when diving, and don't look up when ascending.
When the neck is stressed, it will be difficult to balance the ear pressure when it falls, and it will hinder the blood from returning to the brain when it rises. Increasing the pressure in the neck pressure sensing area will make the central nervous system get the wrong signal, which may lead to the rapid heartbeat. This is also very bad for maintaining streamline.
13. Don't speed up the frequency when you rise near the water surface, but keep calm.
Reducing exercise is essentially saving oxygen and reducing heart rate. Patience, calmness and less exercise are essential when making a U-turn at the bottom. The rising frequency must remain constant, regardless of the accumulation of lactic acid.
14. Be aware of the danger of diving with empty lungs.
Lung diving is a purely advanced skill, which must be directly warned and supervised by experienced coaches who understand these techniques. Any misunderstanding may lead to serious, possibly permanent injury or even death.
Divers begin to dive under low oxygen conditions, which may lead to deep-water coma without warning. In that place, he is negative buoyancy. If he is not in a state of throat spasm at this time (he will be locked up after the blog), his lungs will absorb water and he will definitely drown! The partner of whole lung diving needs to follow the empty lung diver all the way. It is forbidden to hang any counterweight on the empty lung.
15. It is forbidden to continue diving after any samba or coma.
Any loss of autonomy means the end of the diver's diving career. Purple and blue lips also show that the diver has reached his limit and needs to be encouraged to dive only in shallow water.
16. Leave enough time to adjust and let the body adapt.
It takes time for the body to adapt to the new limit state under long-term breath-holding and great pressure. The temperature will increase exponentially and even aggravate the complaint problem, but it is difficult to be evaluated. The human body is flexible and forgetful, but in essence it still needs to give the body enough time to adapt to stress.
Dive head-down and hold your breath for a long time, which will cause serious physical injury and psychological obstacles. Excessive rapid propulsion may cause tinnitus, pulmonary edema, other lung crush injuries, sinus and even some heart diseases.
Ignore any negative thoughts.
Negative thoughts can lead to stress and shallow water coma. The psychology of free diving is based on the great power of understanding spiritual hints. Any positive thoughts and correct brain instructions are of great help to the performance of diving.
18. If you are tired or have a cold, including a cold, or under the influence of cold medicine, don't dive. Do not dive after drinking.
Cold, fatigue, alcohol and drugs will interfere with the ability to hold your breath and judgment, leading to shallow water coma. The first symptom of hypothermia is fatigue and abnormal judgment, and lactic acid accumulation may be fatal. When you feel cold, your ability to hold your breath will be greatly weakened. Congestion will obviously lead to ear pressure balance problems, and reverse ear pressure obstruction is very dangerous.
19. Eat timely and replenish water.
It is not recommended to dive freely within 4 hours after a full meal or 2 hours after a snack. A large amount of blood carrying oxygen may enter the digestive system instead of the brain. It is recognized that free diving nutrition is also a separate topic.
Dehydration, in free diving, is caused by many reasons: the diving reflex of mammals (producing a lot of urine), and the chemical reaction of purifying breathing and producing energy will lose a lot of water.
Divers should be encouraged to drink water in every diving activity. Dehydration will also greatly increase the risk of coma in shallow water and cause some ear pressure balance problems.
20.know yourself
A free diver can't be a super diver every day or every time. This is a truth that must be admitted. It is normal to be good one day and bad one day.
A free diver needs to know his physical condition at any time, know when to hit the limit and when to give up properly, and realize that when he starts to find various excuses or be mentally lazy, that is the real "day".
It may be caused by previous injuries, or it may be a precursor to a fever or a cold. For women, it may be that menstruation is coming, and they will feel particularly uncomfortable with ear pressure or sinus problems or special fatigue.