Zhu Yuehong
As the saying goes, "It is better to read it a thousand times than to write it once." In fact, handwriting plays an important role in the learning process. Psychological research has proved that learning is a process in which learners mobilize their eyes, ears, mouth, brain and hands to know new things and master new knowledge. In this process, eyes, ears, mouth, brain and hands all have their unique functions. Words are like people. In other words, from the handwriting, we can see whether this person's character and style are tenacious. And this kind of fortitude is not born, but can be honed through the day after tomorrow, which is the importance of grasping writing teaching. People who write respectfully must be cautious in doing things; On the other hand, students with scrawled handwriting have no patience and are not good at observation. When they encounter difficulties, they will shrink back, have no attitude of studying hard, have no perseverance in other disciplines, and have no perseverance in pursuing their ideals in the future. Therefore, it is urgent to cultivate primary school students' writing ability.
In order to do a good job in writing teaching research in our school, we mainly start from the following aspects:
First, the active participation of leaders and teachers.
Leaders of writing education should attach importance to it, so should teachers, especially Chinese teachers, and teachers of other disciplines should actively cooperate to form a joint force. Grasp the * * * tube; On the basis of ensuring the thinking of all teachers, we should strengthen theoretical study and business discussion, update educational concepts, and improve the scientific research consciousness and ability of all teachers. Only by guiding our educational practice with modern educational theory, courageously exploring in practice and constantly summing up experience can we achieve fruitful results.
Because school leaders attach great importance to it, they can hold seminars on writing education regularly; The school also strengthens the training of teachers, and each teacher submits one page of calligraphy and two pages of pen words every week, which will be reviewed by a special person and feedback in time; Awards will be given to the winners at the end of each semester, and three-character (brush, pen and chalk) competitions will be held from time to time.
Do a good job in position construction: make full use of window, corridor and red scarf broadcasting, and strengthen publicity. There is an "excellent homework column" in the class, which posts outstanding and progressive works in the class, so that students can experience the happiness of success and stimulate their enthusiasm for learning Chinese characters; Change the school window every month and post excellent works of students and teachers in junior, middle and senior grades so that teachers and students can appreciate and learn from each other; Red Scarf Radio produces a weekly writing special program-"Great Calligrapher and Little Calligrapher", so that students can receive education in vivid cases, understand China's calligraphy art, aspire to carry forward national culture, cultivate their temperament in appreciating works, and improve their ability to appreciate and create beauty; Regularly change the calligraphy works in the school corridor, and constantly enrich the collection of school calligraphy works.
Second, always face all students.
Guide all students to practice Chinese characters seriously, so that every student can write correct, standardized and beautiful Chinese characters; Arrange 20 minutes to practice calligraphy every day; Every weekend, each class judges several winners and arranges them in the excellent homework column; At the end of each month, each class will hand in five outstanding works to participate in the school-level appraisal. Actively encourage students to participate in calligraphy interest group learning, practice 5 pages a day, hand in a calligraphy work every week, and choose a work every month to participate in school-level evaluation; Encourage students to create excellent products and take an active part in various competitions.
Third, do a good job in the whole process of teaching management.
From lesson preparation to class, from in-class to extracurricular, from writing class to other disciplines and links, we should infiltrate writing training in a down-to-earth manner and always maintain a strong sense of writing; The word "guide" should be emphasized in writing teaching. In primary school writing teaching, teachers and school leaders employ experts and celebrities everywhere to organize training, but the effect is not ideal. Mainly due to lack of guidance. How can we change this situation? We think the key is to solve the problem of "guidance" in writing teaching, namely "guidance", "guidance" and "guidance".
(1) enlightenment. "Writing is an important Chinese basic skill, which plays an important role in improving students' cultural quality. Be sure to lay a good foundation for writing from an early age. From the first grade, strict requirements and training should be made to gradually cultivate students' writing ability. Teachers should stimulate students' interest in writing ... "This puts forward clear requirements for the writing teaching of Chinese teachers. As soon as students enter the school gate, they should be enlightened. Every word of the teacher should be guided in the heart. In the process of enlightenment, teachers can collect ancient and modern calligraphy masters such as Zhong You of the Three Kingdoms, Wang Xizhi of the Jin Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Gongquan and Zhao Meng of the Yuan Dynasty, and tell them stories from the superficial to the profound. You can also lead students to visit calligraphy exhibitions to stimulate each child's love for writing.
(2) guidance. Guidance is to teach students the methods and skills of writing. Generally, there are the following methods: ① routine guidance. Conventional instruction includes the essentials of sitting posture, writing posture, writing skills, Chinese character stroke order, bookshelf structure and so on. ② Overall guidance. Instruct students to write. Most students use Tian Zi's grid exercise books or Mi Zige's grid exercise books. ③ Regular guidance. Students will inevitably have a common and similar writing problem when they enter the school in batches. As time goes on, these problems appear repeatedly. Teachers should be able to accurately grasp these laws and give guidance repeatedly with the changes of students. This is called regular guidance.
(3) guidance. Orientation is also a problem that cannot be ignored in writing teaching. Correct orientation can fully arouse the enthusiasm of all students in writing. Primary school should focus on guiding the writing of block letters. On the basis of considerable proficiency, practice writing running script and running script to meet the needs of continuing study, life and work in the future. Then from the aspect of calligraphy art requirements, according to students' actual situation and different hobbies, give some individual guidance, encourage them to actively participate in various calligraphy competitions and cultivate their interest in calligraphy.
Fourth, promote the all-round development of students.
It is necessary to help students learn writing methods and master writing skills, and at the same time guide students to develop good behavior habits and psychological quality, understand the truth of being a man, and promote the all-round development of students' personality. Like the teaching reform of other subjects, the teaching reform of primary school writing is also going through a stage of continuous exploration and improvement. The method of reform must not deviate from the track of quality education aimed at improving people's natural quality and social quality. Emphasize teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, fully develop students' personality and hobbies, and make people's overall quality develop harmoniously and optimally. It is also an important task of quality education to reform writing teaching and carry forward national traditional culture. Writing well can greatly promote students' literacy, memorizing glyphs, understanding the meaning of words and mastering vocabulary. Writing carefully and neatly is not only conducive to learning Chinese characters well, but also to learning other subjects. Writing teaching plays an important role in cultivating students' emotions, tempering students' will, cultivating students' sentiment and forming good habits.
1, multi-sensory writing training
(1) Create imagination. Through the practice in recent years, we have explored a new way of Chinese character writing teaching, which aims at training students' thinking, cultivating students' ability of observation, analysis and conception, taking stimulating students' interest in learning as the premise, and taking image teaching as the means to change the abstraction of Chinese character form into image and change hard learning into happy learning. The image of Chinese characters we are talking about here refers to its external image. For example, when we stimulate students' imagination, we do not focus on the meaning of "sighing", but guide students' imagination. What does it look like? You can imagine a bird resting on a bamboo pole and looking back, or you can imagine a person leaning on a bamboo pole. Let's guide the students to imagine: this bird is resting on a straight bamboo pole and looks so stable; Looking back from afar, it seems so interesting; The slightly longer tail is slightly upturned, which makes it look so energetic; The bird's claws lightly drop off the branches, which seems to be connected, and the tip of the rod touches the claws, which shows its lightness and affection. With a Chinese character, students can imagine vivid pictures with feelings and scenes, and their observation and imagination are fully displayed, which is a kind of creation. Therefore, in writing teaching, we should strive to achieve the unity of structural beauty and interest of Chinese characters.
② Slide show. Through the drawing and superposition of slides, the radicals, the writing difficulties of stippling, the key parts and the parts represented by pictures in Chinese characters are displayed simultaneously, which is conducive to guiding observation and association and making students happy to accept them. In the teaching of slide projection writing, students are guided to observe, analyze and compare glyphs, so as to improve their ability of observation, analysis and appreciation.
③ Physical demonstration. It is also interesting to apply this method to writing teaching. For example, in order to make students understand the words with radical meaning such as "Wu, Wei and Zhuang", the main writer should strengthen his understanding. We use the lever principle in mechanics to pry up the weight of a "sub"-shaped cylinder with two levers, one long and one short. Demonstration results: wooden poles are light and labor-saving, and it is easy to pry up heavy objects; The wooden pole is short, heavy and laborious, so it is difficult to pry up heavy objects. Through the demonstration, let the students understand that the wooden pole should be slightly longer, and the word "one" combined with "one" should be appropriately lengthened.
④ Model making. Model making is the favorite physical labor of primary school students. Integrating this activity into primary school students' understanding of the structure of Chinese characters can not only arouse students' learning enthusiasm, but also enable students to understand and appreciate the stroke characteristics and structural characteristics of Chinese characters themselves in the activity.
⑤ Action performance. The movements of the human body are the most abundant and aesthetic. The wonderful posture of the human body is often similar to the wonderful combination law of Chinese characters. In the process of recognizing and understanding the characteristics of Chinese character stroke radical combination, it will get good results to highlight the key points and difficulties in teaching in the form of action performance. When writing the structural characteristics of the glyph with the pen skimming as the bishop, ask the students to read the formula behind the picture and perform the action: Spring comes, the geese come back and fly. Understand the word "spring" and bring out similar words "cold, winter, communication, literature, etc." Students try to spread their hands as wide as possible as the wings of a wild goose, which is also compared to the left pressure in the font to shrink other parts of the body.
6. Read children's songs. Children's songs are refreshing, easy to read and remember, which plays a very good role in promoting students' correct understanding of the words they have learned. Reading children's songs should be an effective means in writing teaching, whether at the beginning of understanding the strokes and structure of Chinese characters or in the training of writing ability. Sometimes, when strengthening the mastery and understanding of writing methods, using children's songs as a summary will make students' mastery and understanding of methods more vivid and profound. Before practicing calligraphy, in order to get into the state as soon as possible, you can say nursery rhymes silently: eliminate distractions and concentrate. Students can also be trained to read children's songs when they perceive and understand fonts.
2. Scientific training of multi-channel writing teaching.
(1) New understanding of writing and writing.
The correct writing method of hard pen should meet three conditions: ① palm force acts on the nib through finger force, which must be a resultant force; ② The muscles on the inside of the palm must be relaxed, the muscles on the back of the palm are relatively tense, and the muscles on the back of the palm control the stretching and contraction of fingers. 3 palms must be as empty as possible. We use three interesting rhymes for students to understand and operate: (1) Four fingers close together to form the movement state of "goldfish wagging its tail", making eight eight beats; (2) The five fingers are close together, and the palms are empty, forming a "squirrel out of the hole" movement state in which the five fingers are close together and do eight or eight beats; (3) When the five fingers meet, the palms are empty, forming a "worm crawling" movement state with five fingers slightly lifted and eight beats. It is interesting for students to do such finger exercises. Achieve the purpose of coordinating the five-finger joint and the muscles of each finger.
② Practice the new method of long-style characters first.
In order for students to write words with straight structure, it is the key to write horizontal and vertical strokes well. First of all, we can correct the bad posture of primary school students in homework. Many primary school students tend to tilt their heads and put their notebooks sideways when doing homework. This bad posture is hard to write neatly. Tilt your head, tilt your notebook, and the words you write must be crooked. Secondly, it can force students to have a correct sitting posture, a sitting posture with straight head, flat shoulders, straight waist and safe feet, so as to have a calm mind and create a calm writing mood. Thirdly, whether the vertical painting is well written is the key to whether the Chinese character writing is neat and standardized. Grasping the main contradictions in writing and highlighting the teaching difficulties of vertical Chinese character writing can make students taste the sweetness of writing well as soon as possible and enhance their confidence in writing well. Finally, strengthen the vertical painting, lengthen the vertical painting appropriately, dilute the horizontal painting, skim the vertical painting, and write strip characters similar to Song Dynasty, so that the slender fonts look more neat and energetic.
3. Use music to stimulate interest and strengthen basic skills training.
Icons, as a teaching method, have a unique application in writing teaching. In teaching, comprehensive means such as charts, children's songs recitation and action performance are used to add interest and strengthen the training of writing skills. So as to carry out comprehensive training from stroke style, single knot and combined knot.
① stroke style
Basic strokes are the basic units of Chinese characters. Writing basic strokes is the first step in writing Chinese characters. This is a good way to make strokes interesting and easy for students to understand and master. It is a good method to use modern audio-visual teaching methods and adopt intuitive methods for training. Such as "horizontal", there are long and short supine points, short horizontal generally upward, slightly upward, like autumn leaves, like boats, like birds. It is as long as a hillside, like a shoulder pole when carrying a load, with both ends slightly bent downward.
② Integral knot
After students have basically mastered the writing method of strokes, they can be guided to carefully observe how stippling is combined according to certain rules. Understanding and mastering unique characters is the basis of writing compound characters. If the main pen passes through the center line of the font. It is required to write impartially, such as "towel, horse, armor, sheep", and use children's songs to help understand: two little monkeys play on a pole, and one will not fall off. It turns out that things are so wonderful. Various secondary strokes are combined according to certain rules. Such as stippling and hook painting, generally speaking, they should be close to the center line to make the font stable. Such as "speech", "standing", "writing" and "doing". Read with children's songs: tiny, at the hook, near the center line, and the word is correct.
③ Combined Chinese character structure
Combination words occupy a large proportion in Chinese character writing. Mastering the writing method of single words makes it much easier to learn compound words. Whether the combination of each part of the combination word is appropriate or not directly affects the beauty and ugliness of the font. There are three requirements: stability, symmetry and dynamic change in peace.
4. Using beauty to guide practice to improve the efficiency of writing teaching. Pupils mainly think in images, so it is difficult to understand the writing rules of Chinese character stroke structure. Accordingly, when I give primary school students writing lessons, I let them practice hard pen writing under the influence of beauty, and achieved good teaching results.
(1) Arouse interest and aesthetic feeling.
The more primary school students are interested in writing, the easier it is to find the beauty of Chinese characters. According to the pictographic characteristics of Chinese characters, abstract characters are transformed into vivid pictures to arouse students' feelings about the beauty of writing. For example, the teacher shows a swift horse with its head held high and its spirits flying high, and then shows several horse characters with different shapes. Through comparison, arouse students' good feelings about Chinese character writing. Based on this, we can transfer knowledge and draw the following conclusions: (horse, bureau, bird, island, Ukraine ...)
(2) Strengthen the perception and capture the beautiful feelings of aesthetic primary school students about Chinese character writing, which can only be obtained through various vivid perceptual means. Feel the dynamic beauty of fonts through the dynamic beauty of human body and the rhythmic beauty of children's songs reading. For example, after students know how to write "spring", "tea" and "fragrance", they show the picture of "spring". Teachers and students spread their arms and dance up and down, chanting the nursery rhyme: "When spring comes, geese return, spread their wings and fly." At the same time, I ask students to read children's songs while performing action performances. Read the children's song: "Keep it long, stretch it", then bend your arms to your chest and touch your shoulders with your hands. Read the children's song: "Other pens should be shortened." Experience the dynamic beauty of Chinese characters through stretching and displaying.
Observe, contrast and distinguish the beauty and ugliness of Chinese character writing. By comparison, students can capture the beauty of Chinese characters in time. The stronger the ability to distinguish the beauty and ugliness of writing Chinese characters, the deeper the feeling of font beauty. Good-looking words and bad-looking words are compared together, which is clear at a glance. To this end, I designed a small blackboard with two words written on it, one beautiful and the other ugly, for the students to see respectively. After observation, students clap their hands for three times for words that look good, but not for words that look ugly, and explain what is ugly and how to change it. The students are very active in this activity, they learn well, and the classroom atmosphere is active. Students discover, capture and evaluate the beauty of lines and structures of fonts in a warm and tense atmosphere. Train skills and experience beauty. The formation of primary school students' writing ability must solve two problems: first, skillfully carry out the movement of human muscles, especially the muscles and joints of wrists and fingers, and act on the pen tip. Therefore, it is necessary to require students to carry out finger movement and psychological training before each word practice. The operation formula is: my fingers are really powerful, one two three four five six seven, when I close my fingers, I stretch them, one two three four five six seven; Pick up the pen and stretch it, one two three four five six seven; Bit by bit, horizontal and vertical, lifting and lifting. The second is to cultivate students' ability to distinguish and appreciate fonts and good writing habits.
Stimulate aesthetic taste and cultivate the love of beauty. In writing teaching, it is an effective way to stimulate students' yearning for beautiful things, cultivate students' love of beauty and cultivate students' aesthetic ability. In writing teaching, the moving creatures (human body) are compared to the strokes and structures of Chinese characters. Beautiful lines and vivid images help students express and internalize the beauty of lines and structures of Chinese characters. From beginning to end, the theme is the discovery, evaluation, identification and appreciation of beauty. The formal beauty of the unity of opposites of "extension" and "contraction" has been displayed and strengthened. Finally, students practice writing with beautiful music for about 23 minutes. After learning Chinese characters, students evaluate themselves and each other. Because they have a deep understanding of the "unfolding" knowledge of Chinese character structure, they are good at observing, appreciating and appreciating, they have developed their writing skills, deepened their experience of the beauty of Chinese character writing and cultivated their love for beauty. Fifth, improve the evaluation and establish a new standard of writing teaching. Education without evaluation is incomplete education, and the evaluation of calligraphy level plays a role in detecting, feeding back, correcting, encouraging and driving calligraphy teaching research. How to scientifically evaluate writing teaching and students' writing achievements is a pioneering work. Therefore, according to the requirements of Chinese Curriculum Standards for Primary Schools and students' writing practice, we have developed a method to test and evaluate the writing ability of each grade. Evaluate students' writing ability objectively and reasonably according to the principles of comprehensiveness, staging, applying what they have learned, combining quantitative with qualitative, and combining teacher evaluation with students' self-evaluation. Evaluation includes three aspects: writing evaluation, writing method and posture evaluation, and homework writing habit evaluation. The evaluation criteria of handwriting are divided into five items: "correct strokes, correct and neat strokes, moderate size, symmetrical structure and beautiful font", which are scored in groups. There are three evaluation criteria for writing methods: fingering, technique and posture, writing posture has three evaluation criteria, and homework writing habits have five evaluation criteria: neatness, correct format, moderate size, punctuation and beautiful font. After the sub-item evaluation, the overall evaluation played a guiding and encouraging role. To this end, we have taken a series of measures to improve teachers' writing skills, theoretical level and teaching level on the premise of ensuring the construction of a qualified writing teaching team. That is, learning: learning the relevant theories of writing teaching and the successful experience of writing teaching research in various places, and understanding the essence of traditional writing teaching in China, the characteristics of various calligraphy styles, the stories of calligraphers, etc. Practice: keep practicing calligraphy for 20 minutes every day, and hand in one page of pen and one page of brush calligraphy every week; A basic skill competition of "three characters and one painting" for young teachers is held every academic year, and teachers are organized to participate in various calligraphy competitions at all levels. In the process of study, practice and comparison, teachers have laid a solid foundation for writing teaching, thus forming a "time when a teacher starts writing" and making it a window for demonstration. Taking educating people as the end result and improving students' quality in an all-round way. Writing well is one of the goals of writing teaching in our school, but what we expect more is that students can learn more and understand more from writing. In the process of writing, from the basic training of one stroke and one painting, to the recognition and hands-on writing of the reasonable structure of each word, from copying to copying famous inscriptions, until writing well, and then to the formation of personal style, it is not only a process of carefully observing the correct writing, but also a process of forming cultural cognition, or a process of generating and forming aesthetic thoughts and feelings, which is also a process in which the physical and mental development, knowledge accumulation and personality formation of the same person tend to develop in the same track. At the same time, the process of writing good words is also a process of cultivating people's observation, attention, willpower, memory, thinking, imagination and creativity, and a process of cultivating a person's rigor, carefulness, earnestness, carefulness and dedication. After primary school students form a series of good psychological qualities through writing teaching, they can play a positive transfer role in the study of various subjects and personal future development. In this way, the influence of writing teaching in our school has spread to all levels of the school, which not only effectively improves the teaching quality and students' ability and quality, but also reflects the improvement of students' comprehensive quality in many activities and competitions, effectively ensuring the implementation of quality education. The school has also trained a group of high-quality talents. Writing teaching has become a catalyst for students to succeed, develop themselves, improve themselves and sublimate their personality.