! Here, I wish you all a smooth pass of Band 4! First, several means of paragraph development 1. By enumerating a series of arguments, the author makes a comprehensive statement or explanation of the arguments put forward in the topic sentence, and the order of enumeration can be carried out according to the relative importance, time and space of the enumerated points. Yesterday was a bad day for me. Everything I did went wrong. First of all, I didn't hear my alarm clock and was late for work. Then, I didn't read my diary well and forgot to have an important meeting with my boss. During the coffee break, I dropped my coffee cup and stained my new skirt. At lunch, I left my wallet on the bus and lost all the money in it. After lunch, my boss was very angry because I didn't go to the meeting. Then I didn't notice the sign on the door that said "wet paint", so I also stained my jacket. When I got home, I couldn't get into the apartment because I left my keys in the office. So I broke a window and went in, and then I cut my hand. Group all the contents of this topic sentence according to the keywords. I did make a mistake. The author listed eight main points, which were led out by conjunctions, such as first, then, during coffee break, after lunch and so on. Make the article clear, clear and coherent. The commonly used transitional conjunctions in enumeration are: for one thing, for another, finally, best, more, one, another, first, second, and so on. 2. The author expounds and explains the content of the topic sentence by citing specific examples. Strictly speaking, the example method is also an enumeration method, and their differences are as follows: the enumeration method focuses on enumerating facts, and the enumerated facts strive to be comprehensive; Example method focuses on expounding the author's point of view by quoting typical cases, which are more or less available. Let's look at the following paragraph by way of example. There are many different forms of exercise to suit different tastes. For example, those who like competitive sports may engage in ball games. For another example, if they like to exercise alone, they can run or walk in the morning or evening. Besides, people can go swimming in summer and skating in winter. In short, no matter what their interests are, people can always find more than one sport that suits them. This paragraph uses three examples to illustrate the different forms of practice of keyword groups in topic sentences, which are led out by the connectives example, for another example and accept respectively, and finally summarizes the whole paragraph at the end of the leading sentence. The commonly used conjunctions in examples are: for example, an example is, best, further, more, and so on. 3. Narrative Narrative method is a writing method that expresses the topic sentence step by step by using some unique turning conjunctions according to the time or spatial order of the thing itself. In this way, the author can explain the whole story clearly and coherently, so that readers can understand the meaning of the article clearly and completely. For example, in the opposite apartment, a woman heard the noise outside. When she looked out of the window, she found that her neighbor was threatened by someone. She called the police station at once. After receiving the alarm, a patrol police car quickly rushed to the crime scene. Three policemen immediately entered the apartment, while others were on guard outside the building in case anyone escaped. This paragraph describes the process from finding the case, calling the police, going out to the police and surrounding the scene in the order of events. The full text has a clear context, a strong sense of hierarchy and a compact structure. The commonly used transitional conjunctions in narrative methods are: beginning, beginning, later, later, later, last, last and so on. 4. Comparative method or comparative method (comparison &; It is a common way of thinking to compare and analyze similar things according to certain laws. By comparison, it is easier to explain the similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages between objects. For example, the heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tube or transistor. Its electronic circuits work a thousand times faster than better cells in the human brain. A computer can solve a problem that may take a long time for a person to solve. In this passage, in order to highlight the rapid running speed of electronic computer, the author first compares it with the human brain, "faster than-difficult times"; Then, the concept is specifically defined as "a problem", which gives readers a more intuitive understanding from "-a long time-a minute" through comparison. Transitional conjunctions commonly used in this law or comparative law are: than, compared with, etc. 5. classification Classification is often used to explain a paragraph of a concept. By classifying and describing the things contained in the concept, readers can have a clearer understanding. For example, since human beings lived on the earth, they have used various forms of communication. Usually, this expression of thoughts and feelings is carried out in the form of oral language. When there is a language barrier, communication is done through sign language, and actions in sign language represent letters, words and ideas. Tourists and people who can't hear or speak have to resort to this expression. Many symbols of these complete words are very vivid and accurate, which can be used internationally. However, spelling can't. Body language conveys ideas or thoughts intentionally or unintentionally through specific actions. Nodding your head indicates approval, while shaking your head indicates a negative reaction. Other forms of nonverbal languages can be found in signal flags, Morse code and picture symbols. In this paragraph, in order to explain the "various forms of communication" in topic emotions, the author divides them into oral language, sign language, body language and other nonlinear language forms, and expounds them one by one. There are no prominent conjunctions in the paragraphs using this method, and all the items are in a parallel relationship, with no obvious distinction between primary and secondary. 6. Causal analysis (causal analysis) Causal analysis is often used in paragraphs that explain a phenomenon. For example, the role of women in today's society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to claim that they are independent people through the feminist movement. Exercise. Besides, women know other options to stay at home. Another reason is that more and more women who enter new fields and interests become role models for other women. In addition, women are more and more aware of their limitations and begin to think that they are independent. In this paragraph, the topic sentence puts forward a social phenomenon, and the extended sentence gives various explanations for the reasons for this phenomenon. The conjunctions commonly used in causal analysis are: because, so, as a result, etc. 7. Definition In the writing of popular science articles, definition is essential. Through its definition, readers can have a more direct understanding of it. Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation into production machinery. It reduces human factors in production, both spiritual and material, and its purpose is to produce more products with fewer workers. The development of American industrial automation is called "the second industrial revolution". This passage makes us understand the concepts of "automation" and "the second industrial revolution", which come from "pointing" and "called" respectively. Words that often appear in the definition are: pointing, pointing, calling, etc. 8. Repetition is when a part of a repeated sentence is repeated in a paragraph. It often creates a tense atmosphere and makes articles compact and infectious. For example, since then, it has been far enough from now. I often think that people know what secrets young people have under terror. I am very afraid of this young man who wants my heart and liver; I am very afraid that the person I am talking to has an iron leg; I feel extremely afraid of myself because I got a terrible promise from him; I'm very scared ... I'm always scared. Above, we discussed several ways to expand paragraphs with specific articles. In actual writing, we often don't have to stick to one writing method, but interweave several methods to make the article colorful. Second, the ending paragraph We know that the beginning of the article is very important, because a good beginning can attract readers and catch their attention. Similarly, the end of the article is also very important. A good ending will impress readers with the central idea of the full text, increase the effect and persuasiveness of the article, make people think deeply and have endless aftertaste. To be exact, the function of the ending is to summarize the content of the full text, further emphasize or affirm the central idea of the article, and impress the readers; Sometimes it is also used to look forward to the future, put forward the future direction or thought-provoking questions, and leave readers room for aftertaste and thinking. However, how can we write the ending of an English composition? Here are some common ways to write the last paragraph: 1. Repeat the central idea and return to the central idea or topic sentence explained at the beginning of the article to achieve the effect of reaffirmation and emphasis. A sense of humor is indeed one of the keys to happiness. It brings enthusiasm to life and makes it worth living. With these benefits, it is no wonder that sports and games are more popular than ever before. 2. The conclusion article summarizes the full text in a few sentences, further affirming the central idea of the article or the author's point of view. (Example 1) In short, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutually beneficial. Students are eager and happy to acquire knowledge, and teachers get satisfaction from their work. Generally speaking, the advantages of using TV outweigh the disadvantages. However, different people may have different attitudes towards TV. But we must make Li Ze understand that TV itself is not good or bad. Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it. 3. Use quotations, proverbs, proverbs or idioms to summarize the full text, which is concise and more convincing. If you have something to do, try to do it yourself, because it is the only way to permanent success. Remember this famous saying. "God helps those who help others." If you persist in studying day after day, there is nothing you can't achieve. As the saying goes: "Drops of water pierce the stone." 4. Although the form ending in rhetorical question is a question, its meaning is affirmative, with obvious emphasis, which makes readers think. (Example 1) There, listening skills must be constantly improved. Why not develop this ability as much as possible? Then, if we don't have health, what benefits can we get from wealth? 5. Put forward the outlook or expectation to express the outlook for the future or expect readers to put it into action. I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century. With China's further opening to the outside world, this language is bound to spread widely all over the world. If everyone develops good manners, people will form a more harmonious relationship. If everyone treats others and social morality thoughtfully, people will live in a better world. With the improvement of social atmosphere, civilization will progress. The above introduces several most commonly used methods of writing ending paragraphs, but the choice of ending method depends on the style. When the story or factual plot ends, straightforward narration usually ends naturally, while rational and logical expositions and argumentations should have a formal ending. I hope the above methods can help you write a good ending.