Question 1: How to write the research basis of the topic? Clarify the main issues such as the subject to be studied, how to study it, and theoretical application. Generally, it should include the following parts: general introduction, outline, references, writing methods and timetable.

Question 2: How to write the research topic 1. Propose a topic:

Putting forward a research topic is generally considered from three aspects: background, present situation, foundation (or importance, necessity and possibility).

1. Background: The developed educational situation, new educational ideas, ideas, requirements or teaching concepts, methods and means we are facing have had an important impact on teaching practice.

2. Present situation: The most urgent problem that we must study and solve in time is the gap between the actual situation of education and teaching work in this region and this unit and the changed educational background.

3. Basis: the exploratory research done by the members of the research group or others on this issue, and the preliminary research results that have been obtained.

Second, the definition of the concept:

Refers to the connotation of some important words in the name of the main topic (sometimes including some sub-topics), the research scope of the topic, etc.

Note: The important points of this study need not be repeated.

Third, the theoretical basis:

The research of this topic tries to draw lessons from and apply the main theories, doctrines, viewpoints and principles, so as to obtain the main research ideas and teaching concepts that support this research.

Four, the main research objectives and contents:

The main research goal (the hypothesis of the subject) that I try to achieve through the research of this subject, and which sub-topics the main subject is decomposed into, and the specific research tasks of each sub-topic. There should be a reasonable and close logical relationship between the research purpose of the topic and the sub-topic. The research of each sub-topic can completely show the research framework of the main topic. These sub-topics are relatively independent, interrelated and highly operable, which can be implemented in the education and teaching practice of the members of the research group.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) main research methods and research objects;

1. research methods: mainly including literature method, action research method, investigation method, case study method, experience summary method, etc. , can also be supplemented by mathematical statistics, detection and analysis, tracking and comparison, structure and function, observation, pursuit, attribution, history, experiment and other research methods. It is necessary to explain how to give full play to the instrumental role of the research methods adopted to serve the research of this topic (or sub-topic).

2. The research object generally refers to people, mostly students and some teachers. It is necessary to find out whether we are studying all students or some students (or teachers) in our unit.

VI. Forms of research results:

Generally, it includes research report, collection of essays, compilation of excellent teaching plans or activity designs, compilation of cases, observation class (courseware, CD-ROM), collection of students' works, publication or award-winning of teachers' papers, etc.

Seven, the composition and division of labor of the members of the research group:

The members of the research group should include the project leader, the sub-project leader and the front-line teachers who participate in the research. External lecturers, consultants and other personnel should be treated differently according to their responsibilities and obligations.

The members of the research group shall be responsible for or part-time planning, organization, coordination, overall planning, management, research, guidance and consultancy.

Eight, implementation steps:

1. Preliminary preparation stage:

Establish the main topic and construct the sub-topic; Set up a research group to clarify the division of responsibilities; Establish and improve the learning exchange system; Complete the demonstration and declaration work; Formulate the implementation plan of the main project and the work plan of the subproject; Conduct necessary preliminary investigations or tests.

2.

Research implementation stage: it can be divided into the first stage and the second stage, and the research is carried out according to the implementation plan, during which an interim report can be arranged. The interim report is not vigorous in form, but should pay attention to actual results. Through the interim report, let the members of the research group see the preliminary results of the research, find out the shortcomings or problems, clarify the research tasks in the next stage, then adjust the implementation plan and modify the work plan of the sub-project, so that the later research will not deviate from the direction and lay a good foundation for the smooth end of the project.

3. Appraisal stage: complete the writing of the conclusion report and data collation, and make full preparations for the appraisal of the results.

Question 3: How to write the main research results of the predecessors of this topic? First of all, we should consult the research materials related to this topic, focusing on (that is, the main research results of predecessors):

1. How far has the related research gone?

2. Summarize the main viewpoints of different schools in recent years.

3. What conclusions have been drawn by predecessors that are worth learning from and insufficient? This part should be based on your own project research, which is the fundamental starting point, because the novelty of project research is here, and you need to innovate and improve on the basis of predecessors. For example, the shortcomings of previous studies can be divided into the limitations of viewpoints and research methods, so that you can study the aspects that are insufficient or not involved in previous theories.

The most important part should be based on facts and concise. In other words, to synthesize the previous viewpoints and analyze the value orientation behind the same clan viewpoint, we can quote important viewpoints appropriately. Of course, don't quote too much. The key lies in your generalization. The clearer your analysis, the clearer your thinking about future research. After all, this part is only the paving part, and it is easy to be top-heavy

Question 4: How to write the research methods and ideas of graduation thesis?

Before choosing a topic, you should communicate with your tutor and listen to his opinions and suggestions.

When choosing a topic, we should fully consider the research foundation, research ability and research interest. The selected research topic should generally have the following characteristics: First, it is important. The topic of the thesis should have theoretical and practical significance, and it must be an unsolved or completely solved problem, that is, it can solve theoretical problems, promote the development of disciplines and generate various benefits from practical problems. Such a question certainly has theoretical and practical significance. The second is innovation. The topic of the paper should be the new problems caused by social and economic development and environmental changes, as well as the unsolved problems of predecessors, which can promote theoretical innovation, method innovation and application innovation. Therefore, the topic of this paper can be to improve or innovate theories and methods, or to expand the application research field of existing theories. Third, it is academic. The problem discussed in this paper must be academic, which has academic significance and value.

Fourth, it is feasible. The topic selection of the paper requires scientific topic setting, exploration, conformity with the development trend, certain width, decomposition, step by step and in-depth research. It is very important to draw up a specific topic after the direction of topic selection is determined. The topic of the paper is the eye of the article, which can be described as "the first sentence of a thousand words". When drafting the topic, we should do the following as much as possible: First, we should reflect professionalism and meet the academic requirements and norms of this discipline. Second, we should have problem awareness and pertinence, and we can see the core issues of the paper research from the topic expression. Third, the topic size should be moderate and the expression should be concise and unambiguous. Generally speaking, the expression of middle school students is adopted, and the title is relative. The number of words is generally around 25 words, and it is best not to exceed 30 words. 2. Literature selection and reading Select the literature around the research direction or keywords, and the selected literature should be as authoritative and cutting-edge as possible, especially the similar research literature in the past five years, and try to "catch the whole thing". At the same time, the documents are arranged in strict accordance with the document description format and the source of the documents is marked. After selecting the literature, we should read it carefully and get familiar with the latest research results of mainstream journals at home and abroad in this research field through reading the literature. In the process of reading literature, we should pay special attention to four problems. 1. What is the scientific problem studied in this paper? Does it matter? Why is it important? Second, what research methods are used in this paper? Are these research methods enough to solve the scientific problems raised? Third, is there any innovative idea in the paper? Are new research methods used? Fourth, has the paper produced any new conclusions or concepts? Can the data in the paper support these conclusions or concepts? On this basis, I try to sort out a systematic literature review and publish it in professional journals at home and abroad, so as to achieve various purposes such as "being more familiar with cutting-edge research, effectively improving writing ability and forming materialized results". At the same time, by reading more documents, we can learn other people's writing skills and refine language vocabulary. Literature reading generally includes intensive reading (basic literature and classic literature) and extensive reading (knowledge points and interdisciplinary literature). Intensive reading, explanation, comment and analysis should be carried out on key documents and classic documents. 3. The research content and outline are the first, which is related to the major. This is the basic requirement of topic selection and writing of graduate thesis, and it is also the basic premise of passing graduation defense. Second, it is related to interest. The topic of the paper should be related to both sides' interests and future development. "The title is lifelong glory." If you engage in academic research in the future, you should choose a long-term research field, do it deeply and persistently, and gradually cultivate your interest in research issues. Third, appropriate interdisciplinary research. Using the theories or methods of other related disciplines to study the problems of this discipline can often produce new research ideas and conclusions, which not only embodies innovation, but also opens up new research fields. Therefore, during the postgraduate entrance examination, we should pay attention to academic exchanges, consult colleagues from different majors, and be good at thinking and studying problems from multiple angles. 4. Research ideas and methods Before writing the opening report and paper, you should fully consult and study the relevant authoritative literature at home and abroad, and put forward new research ideas and methods as far as possible for the research object. In fact, any theoretical innovation is ultimately a method innovation. For the research methods of economics, management, sociology and other disciplines, we should combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, normative analysis with empirical analysis as far as possible, and use some basic concepts and theoretical viewpoints to make qualitative and normative analysis of the problems to be studied, so as to determine the connotation and extension, characteristics and essence of the research object. On this basis, with the help of mathematical tools, the ... >; & gt

Question 5: How to write the objectives, contents and key points of the project research? How to conduct project research after determining the research topic or obtaining the project approval? This is an important issue often mentioned by educators, especially primary and secondary school teachers. There are various research methods, but there is always a basic procedure. Project research procedures, including making project research plans, research topics, data collection, data collation, project summary, etc. First, how to grasp the research problems, how to sort out the research ideas, and how to design the topic and research plan reasonably and normatively are the difficulties that primary and secondary school teachers often encounter at present. Formulate the project research plan, including: accurately expressing and decomposing research problems, transforming research problems into hypotheses, determining research methods, arranging research plans and division of labor, organizing and coordinating project research, etc. (A) decomposition of research objectives, grasp the starting point. 1, determine the research goal and determine the research topic, generally determine the research direction or research theme and overall goal. A research topic can't cover everything, but we must consider the research background, narrow the research scope, grasp the research angle and find the right research topic. Before starting the research, we must do in-depth research, so as to accurately grasp the research theme, decompose the research problems, decompose the overall goal into several specific goals, grasp the research breakthrough point, and make a good overall research plan. Research objectives can be divided into parallel objectives, hierarchical objectives and comprehensive objectives. 2. Choose the research breakthrough point: First, choose from the basic, easy and key issues; The second is to seek from successful experience; The third is to find out from the practical problems faced by school education; The fourth is to seek from the development trend of education; The fifth is to find it from the theory of educational science. (two) clear research ideas, determine the research methods. 1. A topic, especially a comprehensive topic, involves rich research contents, including multiple relationships, multiple contradictions and multi-level problems, which has a certain depth and breadth, and there must be a pair of basic relationships, contradictions or problems. The significance of finding out the basic relationship accurately lies in finding the breakthrough point of the research, which makes the research thinking clear and operable. Through forward analysis, reverse analysis, reduction analysis and other methods, the research ideas are clarified and formed. 2. Basic research methods. Educational research methods include main methods and auxiliary methods. The main methods are observation, investigation, literature, educational experiment, experience summary, comparative research, case study, action research, reflective research and qualitative research. Auxiliary methods include statistics, measurement, questionnaire, etc. 3. There are many ways to use and choose the research methods: one is the main method, the other is the comprehensive application of various methods; A variety of methods are used together and alternately, and each method complements each other; There are also single methods, but few. Different types (contents and conditions) of research topics have different research methods, and research methods can be selected from different angles and according to different standards. First, take the continuity of research as the standard and determine the method according to the direction of continuity. For example, choose vertical research methods to track the development process of things; In order to study different objects at the same time, the horizontal research method is chosen. The second is to choose different research methods according to the technical means adopted in the research. For example, when conducting routine research, natural observation, test experiment, investigation and interview are selected. The research is carried out by modern technical means, and different technical equipment is selected for detection and adjustment. (3) Theoretical thinking and research hypothesis. What is a research hypothesis? Research hypothesis is the research result (also called "semi-finished product") predicted by researchers when the concept in the research problem is transformed into a variable that can be measured through observation. Research hypothesis is a proposition that states the relationship between two (or more) variables, and it is an important link in scientific research. We must actively carry out theoretical thinking and put forward research hypotheses. First, actively think rationally. Hypothesis is an expectation that has not been proved by practice. It is a tentative theory that combines reasoning and judgment in the process of human thinking. Bold assumptions and careful verification have always been the correct way for scientific research and exploration. According to the understanding of the research object, we can infer unknown guesses and inferences from the known, including various possible theoretical understandings or preliminary conclusions, and make inferences before conducting research. The second is to master the basic standards of research hypothesis. The research hypothesis should have four criteria: first, it can explain the expected relationship between two or more variables; Second, researchers should have clear reasons to explain whether this hypothesis is worth testing; Third, the hypothesis should be testable; Fourth, the assumption should be as simple and clear as possible. The third is to clarify the basic steps of the formation of research hypothesis. The research hypothesis is subjective ... >>

Question 6: What are the basic conditions for project research? What are the basic conditions and necessary contents of project research? First, fill in the project application review. The project research and demonstration report and project research and design report in the evaluation book must be detailed and fully demonstrated, and each project must be complete, with no fewer words. At least, fill in the form, and you can continue to fill in the form if it is not enough. Second, write the opening report. This is the first step that every project must take, and large-scale projects will also hold an opening demonstration meeting. The opening report must demonstrate ten contents, namely: (1) Research purpose: Why did you think of studying this topic? (2) Research object: What is the specific object of our research? (3) Research objective: What are we trying to achieve through research? (4) Research content: What is the problem we want to find out? (5) Research method: What method did we decide to use to test our hypothesis, and why did we use this method? (6) Research plan: specific time schedule and implementation steps, especially the steps you want to implement at the beginning. (7) Resources required for the project: What tools and materials do we need? How to get these tools and materials and how to use them. (8) Division of labor among project members: How do team members work together? (9) Expected results of the project: What results will your research bring? Research report or something? (10) Tutor's suggestion 3. Remember the minutes of the research meeting. After each research activity of the research group, we'd better record the important things in the research process immediately for future reference. Moreover, good records can make us clear our minds and know what this research has done. What's the problem? What's next? What is better to do? Fourth, do a good job in data accumulation: (1) properly keep the written materials formed by various investigation materials (kept by special personnel) (2) summarize the phased work (3) write phased theoretical study materials, case analysis, teaching reflection, papers and questionnaires (4) all kinds of relevant meeting materials, pictures and video materials. (5) project research plan (6) project declaration form, opening argument materials and the approval of the superior business department. V. Write the project implementation plan. This is a project research plan. It is necessary to explain in detail how to carry out the research, divide it into several stages, what goals should be achieved in each stage, and how to plan the operation. Sixth, write a research report on this subject. On the one hand, the research report is what you want to express, and it is displayed in written form; On the other hand, people know what you have done through reports, so as to understand your point of view. There are four common research reports: experimental report, reading report, investigation report and design report. This content is basically the same as the project demonstration report and project design report in the application review, but it is more specific. Seven, write the project work report. Explain in detail the work flow of the subject research, which is divided into several stages, how the research work in each stage is carried out, what results are achieved in the end, and what role it plays in actual teaching. Eight, design, statistics and accumulation of relevant questionnaires, transcripts, analysis and comparison tables, questionnaires and other forms of information, each kind of information should be analyzed and summarized. 9. Show all scientific research achievements at the end of the topic, including papers, excellent teaching plans, high-quality lesson plans and video materials, teaching experience, after-class reflection, comparison of students' homework, all materials of teachers' activities around the topic, and so on.

Question 7: The biggest trouble in practicing Taekwondo is that you are 2 1 year old. Can you still go to leg press? Yes, you must practice more than two groups at a time, and you can obviously feel that the second group is better than the first group.

Question 8: How to write the foundation of the preliminary research of the project is to write your own papers, basic materials and achievements at this stage.

Question 9: How to write the research ideas in the application for primary and secondary schools? Educational research in primary and secondary schools is an important part of school education and teaching. It can be said that educational research plays an irreplaceable role in today's education and teaching. In a big way, it is related to the success or failure of our basic education curriculum reform today, and whether the quality of our whole people can be improved today; From small to large, whether there are any projects related to the school year-end inspection, the on-the-job evaluation of the project leader also plays a role. Our school has 1 national projects approved by China Education Society and 6 Suqian single projects approved by Municipal Education Institute. I will show you how we do it when we approve the project. Please correct me.

First, how to choose the topic

Choosing a topic is not a fantasy. I think what kind of topics are good and what kind of topics can be evaluated. This is a topic of betting, which is difficult to evaluate. The research of primary and secondary education is more manifested in the research of education and teaching practice, which guides the practical work of education and teaching. Therefore, our rural primary and secondary schools should pay more attention to their own rural teaching practice, focusing on small-scale research, so that one topic can solve a practical teaching problem, rather than being greedy.

When we applied for the topic twice, we chose the multiple-choice purpose based on the above understanding. Last year, we realized that "the education of left-behind students in rural junior high schools" is a major problem in rural junior high school education and an urgent problem to be solved in rural education at this stage in China. We have the most say in rural areas, so our topic is based on the above factors.

There are three conditions for applying for the project: 1. When applying for a project, you should know the research situation in this field at home and abroad. 2. The declared topics have field investigation materials, which means that the declared topics should have their own characteristics. We can declare some rural education research topics according to our students' learning situation, so the actual research materials can certainly reflect the characteristics of the declared topics, otherwise your topics will not be touching. 3. The declared discipline shall meet the requirements of the Discipline Guide. Of course, we don't mean to use the topic of the "Topic Selection Guide" as the topic, but we mean that the topic we declare should conform to the scope of the "Topic Selection Guide" and choose the topic around the guide.

Second, fully demonstrate the value of the topic.

Argumentation is very important, and it is the premise to decide whether you can be evaluated. Because there are several applicants for the same topic, which one can be judged and which one can't, mainly depends on the argument.

Everyone will say that their project is valuable, but how to convince others that this project is valuable is an important problem to be solved in project application. In other words, in the project application, we should show the value of a project with our heart, so as to persuade others to support the project.

How to demonstrate? Let's look at the main points of the argument:

1. Why do you want to study this topic?

2. What problems does your research mainly solve?

3. What are the difficulties in solving the main problems, how to solve them and how to break through them;

4. What was your previous performance?

Therefore, when you demonstrate, you must think carefully, so that the judges can clearly know what you want to study and what difficulties you have, which shows that you can solve them.

In short, the value of different topics is great or small. If we want to do a project with great value, we must look for the project at the frontier of exploration and ensure that the project has the frontier. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the importance of the subject from the perspectives of theory and practice, and show the academic significance and application prospect of the subject research.

Third, define the research purpose objectively and reasonably.

Defining the research topic is to clarify what the research object is.

The purpose of the study, that is, the expected result, is the starting point and destination of the whole study. Simply put, the purpose of educational research is to solve the educational and teaching problems we are facing. These problems may be theoretical or practical, but they all exist in reality and have an impact on educational activities. Scientific research is an activity to solve problems in a planned way. This kind of activity is more planned, innovative and rigorous than ordinary activities.

Generally speaking, the common goals of primary and secondary education research are: first, the innovation of educational elements or educational models, such as the compilation of new courses, the application of new methods, the formation of new models, the elaboration of new principles and the invention of new tools. Secondly, the promotion of theoretical understanding of educational issues includes putting forward new theories, revising old theories, clarifying theoretical differences and discovering new laws. The third is the change of school appearance, such as the change of school education concept, the optimization of school education environment, the establishment of school education spirit and educational characteristics. Fourth, students get better development, such as improving their academic performance, developing their learning ability and having a correct learning attitude. & gt

Question 10: Write an article about the research of the subject (1) to break down the research objectives of the subject and grasp the breakthrough point of the research.

1. Determine the research objectives. Determine the research direction or research theme and overall goal. Research objectives can be divided into parallel objectives, hierarchical objectives and comprehensive objectives.

2. Choose the breakthrough point: First, choose from the basic, easy and key issues; The second is to seek from successful experience; The third is to find out from the practical problems faced by school education; The fourth is to seek from the development trend of education; The fifth is to find it from the theory of educational science.

(two) clear research ideas, determine the research methods.

1. Clear research ideas. Through forward analysis, reverse analysis, reduction analysis and other methods, the research ideas are clarified and formed.

2. Basic research methods. Educational research methods include primary methods and secondary methods. The main methods are observation, investigation, literature, educational experiment, experience summary, comparative research, case study, action research, reflective research and qualitative research. Auxiliary methods include statistics, measurement and questionnaire. 3. Use and selection of research methods. Different types (contents and conditions) of research topics have different research methods, and research methods can be selected from different angles and according to different standards.