Computer information technology management
Yin quanxi
Abstract: A lot of information and data are stored in the computer. How to build a robust information system is a subject that needs to be studied. This paper summarizes the structure of information system and general information system, as well as the carrier technology, network and database of information. Only by using these technologies reasonably can we tap the value of information.
Keywords: information system; Data; computer
1. information system
Technically, it is a set of interrelated components that collect (or acquire), process, store and distribute information to support decision-making and organizational control. In addition to supporting decision-making, collaboration and control, information systems can also be used to help managers and workers analyze and solve problems, visualize complexity and create new products. From the commercial point of view, information system is an organization and management scheme based on information technology to solve the challenges brought by the environment. When the word "information system" is usually used, it refers to the information system that depends on computer technology.
2. Information system structure
In 1979, ISO proposed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model of open systems architecture. This is a standard architecture that defines the connection of heterogeneous computers. The OSI reference model has seven layers, namely physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer and application layer, also known as seven-layer protocol.
2. 1 job control level. Mainly DPS(Data Processing System) or TPS (transaction processing system), it is responsible for collecting all kinds of data that can be used for management, processing daily transaction data, and generating reports to support the organization's job control activities, that is, Mrs. This system is basically an isolated functional file system, which is usually generated when the information system is automated in the early stage of development, and can be used to replace manual processing of complex structured data. Managers at this level can also use DSS (Decision Support System) to complete relevant decision-making work.
2.2 Knowledge management level. Mainly KWS (Knowledge Work System) and OS(Offi ceSystem), which are responsible for accumulating knowledge and helping to use knowledge to improve the competitiveness of organizations. Managers at this level can also use DSS to complete relevant decision-making work.
2.3 Management control level. Mainly MRS(Management Reporting System), that is, MIS (Management Information System) in a narrow sense, which integrates data collected by various DP, provides organizational management information, and reflects the current situation of the department. Its content is usually department-oriented, used to solve various structural problems, and can produce comprehensive summaries and abnormal reports for middle-level managers. It is usually a large-scale integration framework. Managers at this level can also use DSS to complete relevant decision-making work.
2.4 strategic planning level. Mainly for EIS (Executive Information System) or ESS (Executive Support System), it provides organizational status and supports high-level decision-making. It is a computerized system, which supports and provides the decision-making information needed by senior managers, and supports the planning, analysis and communication skills needed by managers, with emphasis on tracking, control and communication. It is also divided into a group of situation reporting systems and interpersonal communication support systems. Managers at this level can also use DSS to complete relevant decision-making work. DSS is an information system that helps people make decisions, helps users plan and analyze various action plans, usually adopts trial and error method, and usually solves semi-structured or unstructured problems by dialogue, but it emphasizes supporting rather than replacing human decision-making.
3. Computer technology
The development of computer has triggered the information revolution in all walks of life, which is attributed to the development of computer network and computer data processing.
3. 1 network. Due to the rapid development of computer network, enterprise management, scientific research and computer collection are more closely linked. Computer network connects computers, computer systems and other network devices distributed in different geographical locations with communication media, and realizes information exchange and network resource sharing with fully functional network software. These achievements have effectively improved the efficiency of enterprise management and the speed of scientific research.
According to the different organizational structure and computer use, the network structure of computers is also different. Different uses have different computer network topologies. Topology is the geometric structure formed by the links and nodes of the network in geography, which is used to express the overall structural appearance of the network and also reflect the structural relationship between modules. According to different communication modes, the topological structure of computer networks can be divided into two categories: point-to-point transmission structure and broadcast transmission structure, and according to different communication distances, it can be divided into two categories: local area network and wide area network.
3.2 Database technology In computers, information is stored in the form of data, and the business activities or business of enterprises are also stored in the form of data. In short, the management of information system is the management of data. For massive data, we can't manage these data with simple files, because there will be performance bottlenecks when managing them with files. There should be newer technology to replace it, which is why the database was born.
Database system is the storage of business data in the real world. It can quickly access and integrate business data. Due to the development of database technology, some database systems also support data mining. The data mining function of the database can predict the future data trend and play a role in data prediction.
To establish a good database system, we must first establish an entity relationship model (E-R model), which is an abstraction of the real world. It extracts information that people care about from objective things and ignores non-essential details, and accurately describes this information. It belongs to the logical design of database system, followed by the physical design of database system, and finally the realization and maintenance of database system.
References:
Liu Ze. Fundamentals of computer information management. Tsinghua University Publishing House, September, 2004.
[2] Annabelle .2 1 Century College Computer Textbook Series. Machinery Industry Press, 2003, 3.
Graduation thesis of computer information management
On Information Management and Knowledge Management
Through the comparative analysis of the concepts of information management and knowledge management, this paper expounds the differences and connections between knowledge management and information management, and expounds the expansion, perfection and deepening of knowledge management in aspects of management objects, management methods and technologies, and management objectives. Finally, it is concluded that knowledge management is the inevitable result of information management adapting to the development of knowledge economy era, and knowledge management is a new growth point of information science development.
Keywords: information management; Knowledge management; comparative study
L the concepts of information management and knowledge management
1. 1 the concept of information management. The word "information management" has been used more and more frequently since it was put forward abroad in 1970s. There are many different explanations about the concept of health management abroad. Although scholars have different views on the connotation, extension and development stage of information management, the accepted concept of information management can be summarized as follows: information management is a social activity in which individuals, organizations and society plan, organize, command, control and coordinate information resources with the help of modern information technology in order to effectively develop and utilize information resources. It not only summarizes the three elements of information management: personnel, technology and information; It also embodies two aspects of information management: information resources and information activities; It reflects the basic characteristics of management activities: planning, control and coordination. Through consulting a large number of domestic and foreign literatures, it is found that people's understanding of information management has the following five different meanings: information content management, information media management, computer information management, management information system, information industry or industrial team management.
L.2 the concept of knowledge management. There are different definitions of knowledge management at home and abroad. In foreign countries, Quetta believes that knowledge management is a process to meet various needs at present or in the future, identify and explore existing and acquired knowledge assets, and develop new opportunities. Bass believes that knowledge management refers to the process of creating, acquiring and using knowledge to improve organizational performance. Danriel. O'Leary believes that the information received by labial health organizations from various channels is transformed into knowledge, and knowledge is linked with people. Mas believes that knowledge management is a systematic process of discovering, selecting, organizing, filtering and expressing information, aiming at improving employees' understanding of specific problems. Carl, one of the founders of Dell Group in the United States? Ferrapaul believes that knowledge management is application. It is a new way for enterprises to enjoy explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. The goal of knowledge management is how to identify, acquire, develop, decompose, store and transmit knowledge, so that every employee can enjoy the knowledge of others and realize knowledge sharing while contributing his accumulated knowledge to the maximum extent.
In China, Professor Wu believes that knowledge management is a new stratum in the development of information management, which is different from the previous stages of information management. It requires linking information with information, information with activities and information with people. In the process of interpersonal interaction, we can enjoy information and knowledge (including tacit knowledge besides explicit knowledge) through * *, and use the intelligence of the group to innovate in order to win the competitive advantage. He pointed out. For the study of knowledge management, the broadest understanding holds that knowledge management is the management in the knowledge age, and the narrowest understanding holds that knowledge management is only the management of knowledge assets (or intellectual capital).
2 the relationship between information management and knowledge management
Information management is the foundation of knowledge management, and knowledge management is the further deepening and development of information management in depth and breadth. Information management provides a solid foundation for knowledge management, because information access is one of its key factors, so if an organization can't manage information effectively, it can't manage knowledge successfully.
First of all, knowledge management needs the support of information management theory and technology. Knowledge warehouse of knowledge management, knowledge warehouse! This is a continuous process. In the era of knowledge economy, knowledge has become a basic means of production, but knowledge innovation can not be separated from information, and knowledge can not be simply generated from the obtained data. The interaction between knowledge and information determines that information resources must be perceived, extracted, identified, retrieved, planned, transmitted, developed, controlled, processed, integrated, stored and utilized by using information management theory and technology in the process of its evolution into knowledge resources. The development of information management theory and technology provides a unique environment and conditions for knowledge collection and processing, exchange and enjoyment, application and innovation, and lays a solid foundation for the implementation of knowledge management projects. Therefore, knowledge management and information management are interdependent.
Secondly, knowledge management is sublation of information management. This is mainly manifested in three aspects: first, traditional information management focuses on providing primary and secondary documents, while knowledge management is no longer limited to using one-sided information to meet users' needs, but systematically analyzes users' needs, provides users with comprehensive and perfect solutions, helps users choose useful documents, and improves the efficiency of knowledge acquisition. Second, the traditional information management is limited to the management of information and ignores the management of people. In fact, talent is the core of the whole information acquisition process. Knowledge management believes that the management of people can not only provide a wide range of knowledge sources, but also establish a good organizational way to promote the dissemination of knowledge, which adapts to the requirements of the era of knowledge economy. Third, knowledge management through the management of knowledge. It abandons the passive working mode of information resources in information management and integrates with the whole process of knowledge exchange, enjoyment, innovation and application, making knowledge management the core competence of knowledge innovation.
Thirdly, knowledge management is the extension and development of information management. If selling interest management is to transform data into information and make information serve the goals set by organizations, then knowledge management is to transform information into knowledge and use knowledge to improve the adaptability and innovation ability of specific organizations. Information management has experienced literature management, computer management, information resource management and competitive intelligence management, and then evolved into knowledge management. Knowledge management is a new stage of information management development, which is different from the previous stages of information management. It requires linking information with information, information with activities and information with people. In the process of interpersonal interaction, we can enjoy information and knowledge (including tacit knowledge in addition to explicit knowledge) through * *, and use the wisdom of the group for innovation to win competitive advantage.
3 Comparative study of information management and knowledge management
The main difference between information management and knowledge management: 3. 1 Information management activities mainly involve information technology and information resources, while knowledge management should manage human resources in addition to information technology and information resources. The goal of knowledge management is to use information technology to integrate information resources and human resources and promote the rapid flow and enjoyment of knowledge resources within the organization. Effectively control the mutual transformation between explicit knowledge (information resources) and tacit knowledge (human resources) and realize knowledge innovation. 3.2 From the management object, information management focuses on the management of explicit knowledge (information resources), while knowledge management focuses on the management and development of tacit knowledge (information resources). 3.3 The focus of information management is to solve the problems of orderly social information flow, easy inspection and information resource integration. Mainly through the collection, processing and processing of information, information resources with high correlation, comparison, retrieval and utilization are formed. The focus of knowledge management is to analyze, synthesize and summarize information, upgrade information to knowledge resources with important value for users' decision-making, and realize knowledge discovery, knowledge creation and knowledge utilization. 3.4 Information management emphasizes the processing, preservation and service of information; Knowledge management focuses on the enjoyment, innovation and utilization of knowledge. Traditional drama management focuses on the collection, collation, analysis, transmission and utilization of information and knowledge resources, and takes explicit knowledge as the only management object, ignoring the knowledge package. Knowledge management transforms the platform and mechanical mode of information management into dynamic knowledge innovation activities, thus promoting information management to a higher level.
4 from information management to knowledge management.
Knowledge management is the product of information management, that is, knowledge management is a new stage of information management development. Generally speaking, knowledge management is produced and developed with the deepening of people's understanding of resources and the continuous improvement of management ability. It is an advanced combination of human resource management and knowledge resource management, and represents the development direction of information management.
From information management to knowledge management, it has roughly gone through three stages: in the 1940s and before, it was called the document information management stage, also called the traditional manual information management stage; From the 1950s to the early 1980s, due to the sharp increase in the total amount of information and the severe situation of information surge, information processing technology was highly valued, and information systems and office automation systems were widely used, which was the information technology management stage. From the 1980s to the mid-1990s, the period of managing various elements of information resources and information activities is called the information resources management stage. Since 1995, under the influence of modern information technology and network technology, it has entered the stage of knowledge management, that is, the stage of comprehensive integration of information management, which indicates that information management has been extended to the application field of knowledge management.
The transformation from information management to knowledge management is a further embodiment of "people-oriented" management in management theory and practice. People become the object and purpose of knowledge management. Knowledge management is the inevitable result and trend of information management adapting to the development of economic times, a new growth point of information science development, and a full embodiment of the essence, objectives and tasks of information science. The implementation of knowledge management and the promotion of information construction indicate that human society has entered the era of knowledge civilization of global economic integration.
refer to
[1] He Ping. Gao Jie. Introduction to information management [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2007. four
[2] Yang Guo. Comparison between information management system and knowledge management system [J] Journal of Information .2006,2.