"Petals flow like tears and lonely birds sing sad songs" is a famous sentence in Du Fu>. Whether "tears" and "heartbroken" refer to flowers, birds or poets has always been the focus of debate. Chinese textbooks in normal schools are interpreted as "sighing about current events, seeing spring flowers makes people cry more, deeply hating parting with their families, and smelling birds is even more shocking". Obviously, the object of "tears" and "shock" is understood as a poet.

It is difficult to understand the meaning of "tears splashing" and "soul-stirring" only from clauses, and we must understand it from the poet's specific situation at that time with the help of the principle of "empathy" in aesthetics

The so-called "empathy" means that when people observe external things, they put themselves in the position of things and regard inanimate things as living things, as if they also have feelings, thoughts, emotions, will and activities. At the same time, people themselves are also influenced by this illusion of things, and they will resonate with things more or less. (<& lt Zhu Guangqian's Essays on Aesthetics & gt)

Hope in Spring was written by the author when he was trapped in Chang 'an in March of the second year when he went to Germany from Tang Suzong. He saw the dilapidated scene of Chang 'an after the fall, worried about state affairs and missed his family.

"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring", the opening of the poem shows us a bleak picture of broken mountains and rivers. "Where there are tears, where lonely birds cry", following the previous sentence, all focus on the word "Wang". The "tears" and "heart-pounding" here actually refer to flowers and birds.

Reading the first half of "Spring Hope", we seem to feel that this young poet is looking at the ruins of Chang 'an with tears in his eyes, and a kind of anxiety and anger that is hard to get rid of comes to mind, and we can't help but sigh the bleak scene of mountains and rivers.

Then, he reluctantly shifted his blurred vision from far and near to the flowers and birds in front of him. Perhaps flowers and birds, such impersonal natural things, were really infected by the poet's continuous sadness, and they could not help crying for lamenting current events and hating parting, which was soul-stirring. This is caused by the poet's empathy for things in a desolate and declining environment, and things are emotionally obvious.

People, flowers and birds are integrated into one, reaching the realm of "things are the same as me", which is what Wang Guowei said: "I look at things and everything is my color." The poet's description of the tears and surprises of flowers and birds is a clever use of personification in rhetoric. It expresses the author's thoughts and feelings more strongly and enhances the artistic expression. The reason why Hope in Spring can be spread to this day is that besides sincere and touching feelings, it is probably inseparable from this superb artistic expression! ?

Original poem:

"Spring Hope" Tang Dynasty: Du Fu

Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.

Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.

The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.

Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.

Explanation:

Chang' an fell and the country was broken, leaving only mountains and rivers; Spring has come, and Chang 'an, which is sparsely populated, has dense vegetation.

Sentimental state affairs, tears can't help splashing, birds are heart-pounding, which only increases sadness but not hatred.

The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and there are few letters from home. A letter is worth twelve thousand gold.

Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and I can't insert it.

Extended data:

In July of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), Prince Hengli was located in Lingwu (present-day Ningxia), known as Su Zong in the world, and was renamed as De. Du Fu heard the news and went to Su Zong court alone. Unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way, but he was not imprisoned because of his humble position. In the spring of the second year of Zhide, Du Fu, who was in the occupied area, witnessed the scene of depression in Chang 'an, and he had mixed feelings, so he wrote this masterpiece that will be told for generations.

The first four sentences of this poem describe the miserable and dilapidated scene of Chang 'an in spring, with ups and downs. In the last four sentences, the poet's feelings of caring for relatives and state affairs are full of bitterness and indignation. The rhyme of the whole poem is rigorous. In the couplet, "where the petals have fallen like tears" should be the sigh of the first couplet, "and the lonely bird has sung her grief" should be the worry of homesickness in the couplet, while in the last couplet, it emphasizes that the sorrow is deep and draws the white out, and the antithesis is delicate and the voice is tragic, which fully shows the poet's patriotic feelings.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Hope of Spring (Poems by Du Fu)