First, the life of the characters.
Shaoneng poetry and prose
Lu You has been tireless in learning since childhood, and he can still write poems at the age of 12. In the life experience of suffering from chaos, he was deeply educated in patriotism He married Tang Wan at the age of 20, but was forcibly separated by his mother. Later, Tang Wan died young, causing this kind of emotional pain to accompany him for the rest of his life. This is the reason for the famous works such as Hairpin Phoenix and Shenyuan.
A bumpy career
In the 23rd year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 153), he went to Lin 'an to take the Jinshi exam and got the first place, while Qin Gui's grandson Qin Mang got the second place. He was furious and wanted to punish the examiner. Twenty-four years (A.D. 1 154), I took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and the examiner once again ranked Lu You ahead of Qin Yu, but Qin Gui removed her name.
In the 28th year (A.D. 1 158), Qin Gui died, and Lu You became the master book of Ningde County in Fuzhou. After Xiaozong ascended the throne in A.D. 1 163, he won a scholar by Lu You's good words and familiar allusions. Continue to serve
Lu you
The editor of the Privy Council is also the editor of the reserve, judge, appeaser, senator and sheriff. In the second year (AD 1 175), Lu You was invited to be a senator in Shuzhong, Fan Chengda.
In the fifth year of Xichun (A.D. 1 178), Lu You's poems became more and more famous and were summoned by Xiaozong, but they were not really reused. Xiaozong only sent him to Fuzhou and Jiangxi for two official missions to promote Changping tea and salt. In the autumn of six years (A.D. 1 179), Lu You promoted tea and salt business from Changping, Fujian, and invited Lang to promote tea and salt business in Changping, Jiangnan West Road, and went to Fuzhou in December. On the one hand, he used a lot of energy to deal with all kinds of disputes and lawsuits caused by the bankruptcy of tea salt households after the official sale of tea salt, and forced them to take private sales and make trouble to resist; On the other hand, he wrote to the imperial court, advocating severe punishment of illegal officials who levied high tea salt taxes on tea salt households and took the opportunity to collect a large number of people's fat paste.
In the seventh year of Xichun (A.D. 1 180), there was a drought in Fuzhou. In May, heavy rains and flash floods flooded large fields and villages, and floods rushed to the gate of Fuzhou City, making people hungry and cold. Lu you paid close attention to the development of the disaster and wrote: "Jiahe is like burning barnyard grass, worrying about its life." Jun Tianjiu played Xiao Shao music, but it didn't reach the sound of rain. " Poetry, at the same time play "set aside charity warehouse relief, millet in the county people". Without the consent of the Southern Song government, he first allocated food from the grain depot to the disaster area to solve the hunger of the victims.
Zhu Xuanxian's Chinese painting "Lu You Shi Tu"
After that, please allocate food, order Jiangxi local officials to distribute food, and visit Chongren, Fengcheng and Gao 'an to inspect the disaster situation. This move harmed the interests of the court. 1 1 month, he was recalled to Beijing to stand by. More than 100 prescriptions collected from the official tour before the trip were carefully selected, compiled into "Successive Prescriptions" and engraved into a book, which was left to the people of Jiangxi to express his heart for the people. On the way, Zhao Ru was disintegrated by the incident and was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown on charges of "ultra vires".
After Lu You lived at home for six years, in the spring of the thirteenth year (AD 1 186), please ask the doctor to know Yanzhou (now Meicheng Town, Jiande County, Zhejiang Province). The official went to Mo Bao Tinghou System, was promoted to Weinan Bo, and was later knighted. He also returned to his hometown on charges of "ultra vires".
In the fifteenth year of Xichun (A.D. 1 188), Lu You left his post in Yanzhou and returned to China. Soon, he was called to Lin 'an as a military attache. The following year (A.D. 1 189), Guangzong ascended the throne and was appointed as a doctor of the DPRK. So he even wrote to persuade the court to reduce taxes. As a result, he was impeached and dismissed from office again on charges of "mocking romantics". After that, Lu You lived in the countryside for a long time and died on December 29th (AD 12 10 65438+ October 26th).
The origin of the name
Ye Shaoweng's Chronicles of the Four Dynasties (Volume II) reads: "Lu You, the word Wuguan, a man ... Gaimu dreamed of giving birth to a man, so Qin's name is this word, and this word is this name. In other words, the public yearns for fewer tourists. " This record puts forward the second theory of the origin of Lu You's name, and many experts either say the former or the latter in biographies or biographies. In fact, both of them are hard to believe.
Qin Guan was born in the first year of Renzongyou (1049) and died in the third year of Zhezong (1 100). Lu You's father, Lu Zai, was born in the third year of Zhezong Yuanyou (1088) and died in the eighteenth year of Gaozong Shaoxing (1 148). Lu Zaixiao Qin Guan is forty years old. When Qin Guan died, Lu Zai was less than thirteen years old. Qin Guan went to Yuezhou for two years (1079), when Lu Zai was not born. Lu You's mother's age is estimated to be similar to that of Lu Zai, so it is impossible to have any connection with Qin Guan. "Dream less and swim more" is pure fantasy. The previous statement cannot be established.
The so-called "public desire to travel less" is mainly based on a poem written by Lu You at the age of 82 called "The Portrait of Qin Shaoyou Hidden in Chen Boyu's Main Book". Poetry Day: "Late students often hate not being in the public and suddenly worship heroic paintings. I am eager to go to the end, and my name is the same. " This poem only expresses the poet's admiration for Qin Guan. The word "exactly the same" just reveals that Lu You didn't choose his own name. The latter statement cannot be established.
So, how did the name Lu You come from? It is more credible to look up Miscellaneous Notes of Deshulou in Qing Dynasty: "A famous tour, the concept of word affairs, its meaning comes from the example:' I don't know the concept of internal affairs when I travel abroad. Outsiders seek to be prepared for things, while introspectives are fully prepared for their own bodies. ""In ancient times, there was a system of' young name, crown word', that is, young name, and the word was fixed around the age of twenty. Scholar-bureaucrat families often emphasize the internal relationship between names and characters, and often extract characters from ancient books and periodicals and name them Dingzi. The name was actually decided when it was named. Therefore, the concepts of famous tour and ci fu are just a coincidence with those of Qin Guan. It can only explain the sentence from Liezi Zhong Ni at most. Taking the names after "dream to swim less" and "want to swim less" is clearly irrelevant.
In Lu You's poem, there is such a poem: "The strategy is floating in the air, and the crying is approaching the house." Never do it in your life.
Cow clothes shed tears, and everything goes with the wind. The name is on the yellow paper and the time is in the green bottle. Peeping in front of the door, congratulations on my release from prison this year. "Why, let the birds fly? It turns out that Lu You had an affair with Fan Chengda, a great poet, when he was appointed as a member of the Chengdu government. Because of some contradictions between them, officials around Fan Chengda thought Lu You was a rude and savage person. Lu You thought angrily, "If you call me wild, I will be a savage, which is better than a mediocre person who protects himself." Since then, the number "Weng Fang" has often appeared in his poems. In the thirteenth year of filial piety, Lu You returned to Lin 'an and became a military attache in the DPRK. However, he still focused on poetry, expressed patriotic enthusiasm and adhered to the patriotic thought of resisting gold. North Korea's capitulators are very unhappy, so they hate him. Emperor Shangshu framed Lu You for doing nothing but "mocking an affair". Lu You was humiliated again. After he returned to his hometown Yinshan with great anger, he immediately began to write and named his house next to Jinghu Lake "Fengyuexuan". Although the cloud is "romantic", it is actually to vent its grief and indignation.
Second, personal achievement.
Lu You wrote many poems in his life, which made him an outstanding poet. There are more than 9,000 songs today, which are extremely rich in content. Expressing political ambitions, reflecting people's sufferings, criticizing the humiliation and surrender of the ruling group at that time, and showing a strong patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity. Guan Shanyue, The Storm on the 4th of November, Book Wrath, Xiuer, Travel Notes of Shanxi Village, Spring Rain Beginning in Lin 'an, Reading on a Winter Night, Xiuer, etc. It's all spoken by later generations. There are many fresh works describing daily life. Another noun, Yang Shen called it "beautiful as Qin Guan, handsome as stone". But some poems reveal negative emotions. He married the Tang family for the first time and divorced under the pressure of his mother. His pain is poured out in some poems, such as Shen Yuan and Hairpin Phoenix, which are sincere and touching. There are also Poems of Jiannan, Collected Works of Weinan, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, Notes of Laoxue Temple, Love and Resentment, etc. [2] His representative works include Confession, Night Palace, Partridge Sky and Yongmei's Operator.
Lu You's works are not as huge as poems, but like poems, they run through the spirit of patriotism and "swallow leftovers".
Realism and romanticism are the basic tendencies of Lu You's poetry creation. The artistic expression is rich and varied. After entering Shu in middle age, it became bold and unrestrained, and the poetic style in later years tended to be desolate and sometimes resentful. Generally speaking, the artistic features are grand, bold and enthusiastic.
Literary achievements
poetic sentiment
There are more than 9300 poems in his collection of poems. It can be roughly divided into three periods:
The first period was from adolescence to middle age (46 years old). There are only about 200 poems and works in this period.
Lu you
Mainly in the form of words, life has not been enriched.
The second period was after he entered Shu, he abdicated at the age of 64 and returned to the East. After nearly 20 years, more than 2,400 poems have been preserved. This period is full of fighting spirit and patriotic passion, and it is also the mature period of his poetry creation.
The third period was a long-term seclusion in his hometown of Yin Shan until his death, also for 20 years, with nearly 6,500 existing poems. There is an idyllic flavor in the poem, which reveals a sense of desolation in life from time to time. "Poetry only works when no one loves it", which also expresses his state of mind and artistic realm at this time. In addition, in the poems of this period, there are also simple and practical creative styles.
In Lu You's poems in three periods, the fervent patriotism runs through, especially after he entered Shu in middle age, which is not only outstanding among contemporary poets, but also rare in the history of China literature. Lu You's poems can be said to have both styles, no matter they are classical, metrical and quatrains, they all have excellent works, among which seven verses are well written. In this respect, Lu You inherited the experience of predecessors and enriched his own creation at the same time, so some people say that he, Du Fu and Li Shangyin completed the "three changes" in the creation of the seven laws (Shu Wei's poem "A Bottle of Water"), and his seven laws were unparalleled at that time. In Lu You's "Seven Laws", the famous Zhang Jun's sentences are indeed overlapping, and everyone is reciting them, such as "Jiang Sheng's endless heroes hate and God's will is selfless" (Huangzhou); "Wan Li closes the river and sleeps alone, even the wind and rain fall in four mountains" ("Sleeping Man") and so on. These excellent works and sentences, either magnificent or fresh and picturesque, are both steady, vivid and not delicate to the works. In addition to the seven laws, Lu You's achievements in poetry creation should be regarded as quatrains. Although Lu You's poems present colorful styles, from the general creative tendency, they are mainly realistic. He inherited the fine tradition of Qu Yuan and other previous generations of poets to care about the country and the people, and made outstanding achievements based on his own era.
Many of Lu You's poems express his pride in resisting gold and killing the enemy and his hatred for the enemy and traitors. Their style is bold and unrestrained, gloomy and tragic, full of strong patriotic passion, and they have made outstanding achievements in thought and art. They were known as "Little Li Bai" before their death, and they not only became the leaders of the Southern Song Dynasty, but also enjoyed a lofty position in the history of China literature. The amount of words is not as large as that of poems, but it runs through the patriotic spirit of swallowing the remnants like poems. Lu You's works include one volume of Song of Weng and two volumes of Weinan Ci. The Book of Southern Tang Dynasty and Notes of Old Learning Temple are 130 words in total. His famous sentences, such as "There is no way to answer doubts when mountains are heavy, and there is another village where flowers bloom in the dark" and "The small building listens to the spring rain all night, and the deep alley sells apricot flowers", are widely read by the people.
Lu You's masterpieces, such as Book Anger, Xiuer, Visit to Shanxi Village and Confession, have been selected as Chinese textbooks for primary and middle school students, and they have frequently given questions in the college entrance examination (for example, National Curriculum Standard Volume 20 10).
word
A poem by the painter Wang Jing and Lu You.
Lu You is not only a poem, but also a long word. Because he doesn't pay much attention to this poetic style, there are not many words, only 130 * *. His words are also diverse in style and have their own characteristics. There are many beautiful and lingering words, which are close to the graceful school in Song Ci, such as the famous "Hairpin Phoenix". However, some words often express deep feelings about life, or express superb mind, such as "divination operator", "broken bridge outside the post", "double-headed lotus flower" and "stars on the temples", which are far or deep, or close to Su Shi. However, what best reflects Lu You's life experience and personality characteristics are his impassioned and patriotic poems, such as Han Palace, Carving Arrows and Bows, Xie Chichun, Joining the Army at a Strong Age, Confessing My Feelings, Finding a Time in Wanli Years, Visiting the Palace at Night and Snow in Qing Dynasty. This kind of words is close to Xin Qiji.
In the uninhibited ci field of Song Dynasty, it is unique, and it is also called "mental way" with Xin Qiji.
writing
Lu You's prose is also rich and accomplished. Lu You is good at everything, often with clever ideas and pure writing. The evaluation of Lu You's articles in Selected Works of New Weinan is: "Six Classics, Zuo, Zhuang, Sao, Ban, Ma, Han and Zeng are teachers, especially proud of their talent and diligence." Among them, writing inscriptions, prefaces and postscripts, describing life experiences, expressing thoughts and feelings, or writing poems can best reflect the achievements of Lu You's prose. At the same time, he also shows patriotic feelings from time to time in his poems, such as Jing Zhen Tang Collection, Tong Hugh Collection and Shu Wei Qiao Shi. Lu You also has some unique essays, such as Smoke Boat and Book Nest, which describe rural life elegantly and meaningfully. His trip to Shu is a diary-style prose with concise words. Especially in the Three Gorges, there are many scenic spots and historical figures, which are very interesting to read. As for his Notes on Old Xuegong, it is an essay. Although pen and ink are simple and rich in content, they are mostly anecdotes with great historical value.
history
Lu You also has a gift for history. The book "History of Song Dynasty" records: "In the second year of Jiatai, the history of filial piety, Guangzong and the history of the three dynasties was not completed, and the exercise was written together with the national history and the court." He also wrote eighteen volumes of the Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, in order to promote the Southern Tang Dynasty which was partial to the south of the Yangtze River, and to entrust and imply that although the Southern Song Dynasty was partial, it was still unorthodox.
collect
Lu You wrote a lot in his life. The following is a textual research on Europe's Lu You Chronicle:
Bo poetry anthology, 85 volumes.
Selected Works of Weinan, 50 volumes (including Ci, 2 volumes and Ru Ji Shu, 6 volumes).
Interpretation of Weng Yi Draft, 2 volumes, plus 1 volume.
Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, Volume 18
Notes of the Old Learning Hall (volume 10), with 2 volumes of continuation notes.
Gao zong sheng Zheng Cao Juan 1
Lu Xu Prescription, Volume 2.
Perceptual record, volume 1
Qingzun record (volume 1)
Xu Xun 1 volume
There are other books, such as Explaining Weng's Family Instructions, Annals of Zhai Ju, Old Home News and so on.
Famous sentences handed down from generation to generation
0 1, there is no way for mountains and heavy waters to be suspected again. Tour of Shanxi village
02. The small building listens to the spring rain all night, and the deep alley sells apricot flowers. The first period of spring rain in Lin' an
03, short paper slanting idle grass, clear window fine milk play tea. The first period of spring rain in Lin' an
04, plain clothes no dusty sigh, home is clear enough. The first period of spring rain in Lin' an
05. When you die, you know that everything is empty, but you are sad to see Kyushu. Show it to your son.
06, Beiding Zhongyuan Day, family sacrifices do not forget to tell Zhengweng. Show it to your son.
07, a thousand years of shame, all of my heart reported to the son of heaven. A trip to Jin Cuodao
08, alas! Although the three Chu clans can destroy the Qin Dynasty, are there any China? A trip to Jin Cuodao
09. It snowed at night in the building, but the iron horse dispersed in the autumn wind. Shufen
10, who is equal to the real world in one thousand years? Shufen
1 1, I dare not forget to worry about my country, but I still have to close my coffin. The disease begins with a book.
12, a watch from the beginning to the present, take a closer look at it at midnight. The disease begins with a book.
13, lying in the middle of the night listening to the wind and rain, Tiema Glacier Dream. 1 1 There was a storm on the 4th of the month.
14, the adherents shed tears and looked south at Julian Waghann for another year. The feeling of going out of the hedge door to meet the cold at dawn in autumn night
15, I have a shallow understanding of what I got on paper and don't know how to do it. Reading in winter night, Xianzi said
16, is this a poet? Riding a donkey into the sword gate in the drizzle. The rain at Jianmen Road
17, how can we incarnate hundreds of billions, a plum blossom. Plum blossom quatrains
18, a suit of death, temples are no longer blue. Sleep in the water town at night
19, who knows the heart of a brave man in a flute? The sand head is empty, and the bones are taken. Guan Shanyue.
20, the spring waves under the sad bridge are green, which used to be a stunning photo. Two Poems by Shen Yuan (Ⅰ)
2 1, this body is mountain soil, still hanging. Two Poems by Shen Yuan (Ⅱ)
22. jade bone has been buried under the spring for a long time, and ink marks are still dust between walls. Sleepwalking in Shenyuan Pavilion on December 2nd (Ⅱ)
23. The anvil pestle knocks on the deep lane, and Jason Wu shakes down his hometown in autumn. Qiu Si.
24. Clouds suddenly cover the sun crow, and the sound of rain keeps frosting Ye Fei. Thinking in buddhist nun at night.
25, mount a horse to attack crazy Hu, dismount the grass army book. Thoughts on watching the big picture of customs clearance
word
0 1, broken bridge outside the post, lonely and ownerless. Operator Yongmei.
02 scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only fragrance remains. Operator Yongmei.
03, a melancholy, for several years, wrong, wrong, wrong! Hairpin phoenix
04. Although Meng Shan is here, it is difficult to ask for a book. Mo, Mo, Mo! Hairpin phoenix
05, sigh time, become wasted. Xie Chichun joined the army at the age of Zhuang.
06. From autumn to the corner of the border town, the sound is sad, and the bonfire shines on the high platform. Give me the glad eye
Affectionate people are like the mountains and the moon in the south, especially when the clouds are open. Give me the glad eye
08, Hu is not extinguished, the temples are autumn first, and the tears are empty. Complain about love
09. In this life, who knows, the heart is in Tianshan, and it is always in Cangzhou. Complain about love
10, the rain of the turtledove turns green, and the swallow mud is all red. Linjiang Li Xian Zhouguozuo
1 1, only the truth is easy to write, but the complaint is difficult to know. Linjiang Li Xian Zhouguozuo
12, the water flow direction is different. Linjiang Li Xian Zhouguozuo
13, full moon in half gallery, with a hat with Liuqiao style. Linjiang Li Xian Zhouguozuo
14, both new Swallow Shores, patches of light gulls falling in the late sand. Partridges are lazy to learn to grow melons in Qingmen.
When people mistook Yan Guang for me, I was an unknown fisherman. Magpie fairy, pole and romantic moon
Qinghai International Yanmen Xixiangguan River 16. Night tour of the palace, remember seeing off the soul teacher in the dream?
17, who knows, although the temple is disabled, the heart is not dead. Night tour of the palace, remember seeing off the soul teacher in the dream?
18, remember, fame does not believe in heaven. Han Gongchun first came to Chengdu from Nanzheng.
19. It is bleak to attach importance to your hometown, but it is better to stay away from your hometown. Nanxiangzi
20. I believe that I will never meet you in my life. I regret that I wrote "Changyang Fu" and "Dead Hua Lian".
0 1, only state officials can set fires, and people are not allowed to light lamps. Notes on Old Xuegong Volume 5
02, when the book is used, you won't be so annoying. You won't know how difficult it is until you have been there. Self-encouragement couplets
calligraphy
Lu You's title is covered by the title of the poem. Lu You is also a skilled calligrapher, proficient in cursive and regular script. He called himself "Zhang Dian in cursive script (Zhang Xu) and Yang Feng in running script (simplified Chinese characters)." His calligraphy is simple, smart, elegant, elegant and straight, and his brushwork is vigorous and unrestrained in his later years. Zhu called his writing exquisite, elegant and elegant, with lofty intentions. There are not many books left, including On Two Kings. Masterpieces handed down from generation to generation include Bitter Cold Post and Chengdu Poetry Post.
Luyou Bitter Cold Post, paper version, 3 1.8 cm long and 48.37 cm wide. Collection of Beijing Palace Museum. This post was written in the 4th year of Song Xiaozong Trunk Road (A.D.1168)126/month. At that time, Lu You was 44 years old. After being demoted, he stayed at home. The content of this letter is of great data value to the study of Lu You's life. At the same time, it is a precious calligraphy work. Its pen has both Fiona Fang and natural fluency. It was collected by the Forbidden City in Qing Dynasty and engraved in Sanxi Hall, Fa Tie.
piczone
In the second year of Jiatai (1202), because the history of Xiaozong, Guangzong and Three Dynasties was not revised, he was called to participate in the revision of national history, and served as secretary supervisor, in charge of the collection of books and literary works in the National Library. And soon moved to Baozhangge to prepare. Retire to another country in his later years. Famous for poetry, the wealth of books is also famous for a while. Father Lu Zai is one of the three major bibliophiles in Viet Nam and China. He inherited his father's ambition to collect books. When he returned from Shu, he bought Shu books without anything when he left the gorge. The three major collections of Viet Nam and China, Stone and Zhuge, have been scattered, while Lu's collection is enduring. There are libraries called "Gao Zhai", "Shu Wo" and "Shuangqing Hall". He is the author of "Nest", which is included in "Selected Works of Weinan". Someone asked him what the "book den" in the library was, and he replied, "In my room, books are either on the shelf, in front of me or on the bed; Pitching around, all books are also. Eating and drinking, groaning, sighing, are all books. Guests don't come, wives don't stay, and the changes of wind, rain and hail are unknown. If you think about it from time to time, you mess with books, if you accumulate branches, or even you can't do it, you have to laugh at yourself and say,' Isn't this my so-called nest?' "There is also an old learning temple, which is a place to study. It reads: "Old Li Ze woke up from his illness and happily began to learn western food. "Ten years before the lamp, the hand was self-righteous, and the lines were upside down. Just learn old self-confidence and take thousands of books back to Lu Lin footballer. Many of his poems and essays have inscriptions, which record his family's books and collations. He likes to print books, including Liu Bin Ji, Jian Jiang Yi Yi, Cenjiazhou Ji, Shi Shuo, Heather and Lu Shi Xu. He is the author of Poems of Jiannan, Notes of Southern Tang Dynasty, Notes of Old Learning Temple, Collected Works of Weinan, Poems of Fangweng, etc. Lu's son, Lu, can also keep the suicide notes written by his ancestors and father, and increase them. There are more than 20 printed books.
art
Painters of past dynasties often used Lu You's poems as their creative source. Artists Wang (1642- 17 15), Shen Xinhai (1855- 194 1), (1927-205)
Third, family members.
Lu You has seven sons and one daughter. According to Lu You Chronicle, the eldest son Lu, the second son Lu Zilong, the third son, the fourth son Lu Zitan, the fifth son Lu Ziyue, the sixth son Lu Zibu and the seventh son Lu (Reading on a Winter Night). Grandson Lu (learned that he died of grief after the defeat of Yashan), great-grandson Lu Chuanyi (died of hunger strike after the defeat of Yashan) and great-grandson Lu Tianqi (surrendered by Yuan in the battle of Yashan and threw himself into the sea). Lu You didn't see the scene of "Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north, and the family sacrifice was told without forgetting".
Fourth, character evaluation.
"The old pen is particularly healthy and promoted to the number one in the world today." -Zhu Answer Gong Zhongzhi
"Your poems are like fine gold, and the price is heavy when you start." -Yang Wanli, "Seeing the Pavilion Rhyme with the Military Attaché Lu"
"Three hundred long silent, nine thousand new sentences. For example, the ancestor of Zongmen was alone after crossing the river. " -Liu Kezhuang's Statue of Weng.
"In the Song Dynasty, Su and Lu were the two outstanding figures, and later generations were shocked by the name of Dongpo. It is often said that Su is better than Lu, but I don't know that Lu is better than Su." -Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua"
"There are two schools of Song poetry, Su Shi and Lu You." —— Overview of the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu
"(Lu You's words) are as beautiful as Huaihai and graceful as Dongpo." -Yang Shen
"In addition to fiber, Jiannan Screen is unique, and its steep and gloomy outline is incomparable in the Song Dynasty." -Feng Xu's Selected Poems of Sixty Poets in Song Dynasty: Examples and Words