Politics: The problem of analysis is basically a proposition to achieve the third goal, which mainly examines the ability of candidates to distinguish right from wrong by using relevant principles and analyze and demonstrate the correctness and error of a certain point of view. Because analysis questions are often propositions with both reasonable factors and one-sided views, it is sometimes difficult to simply say right or wrong. Therefore, when answering analytical questions, it is not necessary to make a hasty judgment at the beginning, and its judgment must be present, but it can be reflected in the whole answer. Secondly, apart from judging, the analysis problem also needs to make a concrete analysis of the given proposition, explain the reasons and distinguish right from wrong. The key point is to make a correct analysis of the candidates, so this question type has certain difficulty. ?

Judging from the candidates' answers, there are two main problems: first, it is impossible to accurately distinguish the propositions given in the questions, treat the correct propositions as wrong, treat the wrong propositions as correct, or fail to distinguish whether the propositions are comprehensive or not, and the premise of distinction is wrong, so that the overall analysis cannot be carried out in the right way; Second, the proposition given in the topic can be correctly identified, but it is impossible to use the relevant principles to analyze and explain the reasons for right and wrong, which also leads to the inability to score. Therefore, when solving analytical problems, we should pay attention to avoiding one-way thinking, trying to avoid simply determining one aspect of the problem, and thinking in multiple dimensions when determining ideas; We should be good at pointing out the mistakes of propositions with correct principles and concepts.

The propositional forms of analysis questions mainly include:?

(1) The proposition is correct. ?

On the surface, this kind of problem seems not difficult. Since the proposition is correct, write down the reasons for the correct view, but in fact, it is not easy to solve this kind of problem. There are two main situations that make it difficult.

The first case is that although the propositional viewpoint is correct, it needs to be supplemented. For example: 1998 liberal arts question 23: "Idealism is the flower on the tree of human knowledge". The questions reflected by candidates in their answers are mainly manifested in two aspects: First, they don't realize that idealism is also a flower, but simply think that idealism is wrong, can't blossom and can't bear fruit. According to this way of judging, idealistic philosophy will be said to be inconsistent with Marxist epistemology and unable to bear fruit, thus completely denying the inevitability of its emergence and unable to answer questions comprehensively; The second is that idealism philosophy is also the result, but idealism philosophy is wrong. Answering the question in this way of thinking has led to the shift of the focus of the answer to the question "What kind of fruit". Quite a few candidates think that idealism also has fruit, but the answers such as "bitter fruit", "bad fruit", "poisonous fruit" and "fruit harmful to human beings" obviously do not meet the requirements for answering questions. The essence of the above questions reflected in the answer lies in not firmly grasping some basic principles of Marxist philosophy. ?

The second situation is that the test questions put forward two seemingly contradictory views, which are actually correct. For example: 1997, Frequently Asked Questions in Arts and Sciences: China's Constitution stipulates that citizens' political rights are not limited by their education level, but Lenin said that "illiteracy is outside politics". On the surface, this topic is inconsistent with Lenin's words, but in fact it is consistent. The former shows that China is a people's democratic country, citizens enjoy extensive democratic rights, and the Constitution stipulates that political rights are not limited by education level. The latter means that illiterates are restricted by their own conditions and cannot really and effectively participate in the political life of the country, so they cannot fully enjoy the democratic political rights stipulated in the Constitution and fulfill their civic obligations. It is in this sense that "illiteracy is outside politics". The combination of the two just shows that the construction of socialist democratic politics in China is a long-term and arduous task, and we must vigorously develop cultural and educational undertakings, improve the cultural quality of all citizens, and enable citizens to enjoy and exercise democratic rights.

The ability of democratic rights is unified. ?

(2) wrong views. ?

This kind of analysis problem is characterized by wrong induction and generalization, "generalizing the whole with the partial". For example, 1997 science question 23: "Different people have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions" is a denial of objective truth. The proposition "different people have different views" involved in this topic is a correct view. Because, in cognitive activities, individual characteristics and differences will appear because of differences in physiology, psychology, experience, knowledge, initiative and perspective. The philosophy contained in "different people have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions" reflects the subjectivity, difference and diversity of people's understanding, rather than denying the objective truth. The generalization of this topic is actually a wrong generalization by Zhang Guan Dai Li, that is, putting the denial of the objective truth of "the public is right and the old woman is right" on the body of "different people have different opinions"?

(3) There are both reasonable factors and one-sided views. ?

This kind of analysis questions often contain right and wrong or wrong, which is the most common form of analysis questions. When solving this form of analysis, please pay attention to the following characteristics.

First of all, we should comprehensively point out the reasonable factors and one-sided views of the proposition. 1998 question 25: in China, the confiscation of bureaucratic capital is new-democratic in terms of its revolutionary nature. This is an incomplete proposition, which requires candidates to point out their incompleteness and answer questions comprehensively. The main problem reflected by candidates in their answers is that they can't fully understand the nature of confiscating bureaucratic capital and simply make correct or wrong judgments in the distinction. Therefore, if we talk about the nature of the new-democratic revolution, we will not talk about the nature of the socialist revolution, and vice versa. The analysis made by the vast majority of candidates when answering that the confiscation of bureaucratic capital has the nature of the new-democratic revolution only links the confiscation of bureaucratic capital with the overthrow of the three mountains as the task of the new-democratic revolution, and the analysis ends here, so that the whole analysis cannot be comprehensive. ?

Second, point out the tendency of proposition. Generally speaking, in this kind of questions, although there are both reasonable factors and one-sided views, candidates are required to point out the main tendency of the proposition. For example: 1988 analysis of political examination papers in liberal arts: social life is complicated, and there are various factors that determine the nature and development of society. This question should be answered from two aspects. Firstly, it affirms its reasonable factors and points out that human society is a complex system composed of economic, political, cultural and ideological factors. In social development, there are not only physical factors such as geographical environment, population and mode of production of material materials, but also spiritual factors such as social psychology and social ideology and the positive role of people. Secondly, it expounds its mistakes and points out that the only force that ultimately determines the nature and development of society can be the mode of production of social material materials, and the role of other factors is based on the production of material materials. Historical materialism is a monism of materialism, and it is wrong to confuse the decisive role with the influential role. Therefore, the basic tendency of this proposition is to demonstrate that "the factors that determine the nature and development of society are diverse", which is contrary to historical materialism and its basic tendency is wrong. ?

Third, the proposition consists of more than two sentences, and one-sided conclusions are drawn through wrong reasoning. One is that the premise is correct and the wrong conclusion is deduced in an incorrect way. For example, in 2002, question 32 of liberal arts: price is the monetary expression of value, and the change of price is the expression of value change. This question is representative. Value is the content and basis of price. Under the condition of free competition, the change of value will inevitably lead to the change of price. However, in the actual exchange activities, it is not only the change of value that affects the price, but also the relationship between supply and demand, competition, currency value and government policies. On the other hand, the premise of the test questions is incomplete although there are reasonable factors. Another example is Science No.31:1928 in 2000. Since the motive force of China's revolution is the proletariat, the revolution itself is the proletarian revolution. First of all, it should be pointed out that the reasoning basis of this test is incorrect. Mao Zedong pointed out: "The forces that determine the nature of revolution are the main enemies and the main revolutionaries." The main enemies in 1928 are still imperialism and feudalism, so the China Revolution is still an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois national democratic revolution. Second, the summary of the premise is incomplete. The motive force of China's bourgeois-democratic revolution is not only the proletariat, but also the peasantry, petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie. In addition, the main revolutionaries at this time are the proletariat, and the leadership of the revolution no longer belongs to the bourgeoisie, but to the proletariat and its political parties. Therefore, this revolution is not an ordinary old bourgeois democratic revolution, but a new special bourgeois democratic revolution, that is, a new democratic revolution.

Language:

In what style of articles, the author always cuts out the materials he has mastered according to the needs of expression and arranges the materials according to certain ideas. This is the layout. The author's layout in the article shows the structural level, and as a kind of consciousness and method of exam-oriented reading, he needs to know some words about structure and thinking, such as juxtaposition, contrast, progression, total score, vertical and horizontal, staggered narrative, spatial order, time sequence and so on.

The college entrance examination proposition tends to analyze the hierarchical relationship between paragraphs in an article; The hierarchical relationship between sentences in a paragraph. We focus on the analysis of paragraph structure.

From the formal point of view, we should pay attention to the language symbols with cohesion, expression and reference functions; Pay attention to punctuation marks with hierarchical functions. Grasp the different structural rules of articles because of different styles: narrative texts are often arranged in layers by means of time, space transformation, scene transformation and logical order of thinking; Argumentative papers often use the structure of asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems to demonstrate things; Explanatory texts often use total scores or parallel structures to explain problems. Analyze the expressions in paragraphs, and some paragraphs are simple in language expression; Some use a variety of things at the same time, which can be divided into different levels according to different expressions. Let's look at an example:

The so-called "strict hierarchy" shows the importance of status. But from ancient times to the present, there are also vegetarians and people who "are in their place and do not seek their own politics." Lu Xun said that "a broad face has changed". Some people climb high and look far, not only "calling domestic slaves to be maids", but also raising chickens and dogs to heaven. In a letter to his younger brother, Zheng Banqiao, the magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, described such people as follows: "I want to be a scholar and an official with a book. How to rob money, build a big house and buy more fields? I went the wrong way at the beginning, and then it got worse and worse, and there was no good result. " People pursue power because they can benefit from it. For example, in A Dream of Red Mansions, white jade is the golden horse in the palace, and pearls are the gold of the earth as iron. A foreigner once lamented: "The love of status and privilege accompanies us to the end of life, from cradle to grave." Status is everywhere. When I was a child, the old cowherd was the "immediate boss". He sometimes lets me watch the cows and cut wood by myself. If I lose my cow, he will be furious with me. His position is higher than mine, so I dare not say anything in front of him.

Question: The article lists the phenomenon of "Zuo" and quotes some people such as Lu Xun to illustrate the author's ideas.

How to define the reading range required for answering questions?

Some students blindly regard the first sentence of the article as the general sentence, so the following analysis is definitely wrong. In fact, as long as we pay attention to the word "but" in the article, we can understand that the focus of the article is behind because of such a turning point, and the first sentence is only a turning point, so mistakes can be avoided.

From the content analysis: classified by sentence meaning. A paragraph consists of many sentences. Accurately grasp the meaning relationship between sentences, classify each sentence into several meaning points, and disconnect it from the loose meaning according to the tightness of sentence connection. Grasping important sentences that reflect ideas, such as grasping the central sentence or mentioning the sentence, plays a leading role in the paragraph. Relying on them, we can define the boundary between the starting point and the end point of a certain level. Analyzing the expression of an article refers to the skills of layout, expression and language use, such as article clues, echo, suspense foreshadowing, contrast rendering, comprehensive use of expressions and so on. Therefore, to analyze the structural layout, we can analyze the determination of the level of the article, the sequence of narration, the transitional care at the beginning and end, and the clues of the article according to the main idea of the article. Let's look at another example:

If you just want to be an official and get a position, because your selfish desires climb higher, that is another matter. The ancients said that "the official feels cold as ice." Bai Juyi wrote Pei's poem about the suffering of being an official: "Don't be rich. Look at Pei Guo Xiang, the golden purple light shines on the earth. Sad and white, the party is 44 years old. It is known that cars are high and passengers are worried. " The well-known Zhuge Wuhou, the black silk scarf of feather fan, although it looks chic at ordinary times, is actually painstaking and courageous. He himself said that he "worked hard until he died". If you are just a mediocre official, that is another matter. Li Hongzhang said that the easiest thing to do in the world is to be an official. Not to mention such an official who wronged the country and the people. Some people are tired of the turmoil in officialdom. Tao Yuanming in Jin Dynasty counted as one, and Hans Zhang counted as one. When he was a Fu Gongcao, one day he saw the autumn wind blowing quietly, and suddenly thought of the soup-flavored bass in his hometown of Wujiang, and sighed, "Life is expensive in comfort, how can you stay thousands of miles away?" I was ordered to drive home. This should be the person who left the team halfway now.

Question: What is the real meaning of this passage?

At first glance, this passage is scattered. In fact, as long as we grasp a few phrases that express the meaning of the sentence, we can calmly answer: "That's another matter", "That's another matter" and "This should be the person who left the team halfway now". We can clearly see that the part of the text dominated by these words is by no means the focus of this paragraph, so the focus naturally comes out, that is, Bai Juyi and Zhuge Liang have the same factors.