Author: Ma Han
foreword
With the development of social economy, environmental problems have become a hot issue in the world, and water pollution has attracted more and more attention. Our school is located in the northern mountainous area of Jixian County, beside the river. At the beginning of 200 1, Zhang Yuliang, a member of Xia Ying CPPCC, reported to the county CPPCC that some farmers' crops were reduced due to sewage discharged by enterprises along the Chanhe River, and more than 80 wells were not drinkable. In recent years, the Huangyaguan Great Wall scenic spot in Jixian County has been seriously polluted and the water quality is turbid, which has adversely affected the development of tourism. To this end, we investigated the pollution situation of the Chan River and got strong support from leaders, teachers and the masses. The total trip of this survey is180km, and more than 50 people were interviewed. The investigation area covers more than 40 kilometers from Happy Valley Village in Xinglong County, Hebei Province to Jinhai Lake in Beijing. Through this survey, we have obtained a lot of valuable information and cultivated our unity and cooperation.
First, the basic situation of Weihe River
Chan River is a seasonal river in the northern mountainous area of Jixian County. It starts from Qinghui Liangnan, Xinglong County, Hebei Province in the north and flows into Jinhai Lake, Pinggu County, Beijing through Xia Ying Town and Luo Zhuang Zi Town of Jixian County. The length of rivers in Jixian County is about 265,438+0 km, which is the main water supply source of Jinhai Lake Scenic Area. At the same time, it directly or indirectly provides water for people and animals to about 20 natural villages in the northern mountainous area of Jixian County. It is worth mentioning that there are many famous tourist attractions along the coast of our city, such as
Second, the reason for the investigation
In recent years, the vivid plants in the Zen River have gradually decreased, and many original aquatic animals have disappeared. With the development of rural economy and the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, fruit production, aquaculture and building materials production in Xia Ying Town and Luo Zhuang Zi Town along the Chan River have developed rapidly and become the growth points of local economy. Based on the above two points, we speculate that the Chan River has been polluted, with water pollution and the production of enterprises and forest fruits along the Chan River. What are the quantities and varieties of fertilizers and pesticides used in fruit production? To what extent have they affected the pollution of Chan River? To this end, we conducted this survey.
III. Investigation Process and Results
The investigation of the pollution situation of the Chan River started from 1 1.2 and ended at 1. 1.28. We adopted the methods of combining field investigation with interview, combining information retrieval with group summary, and combining investigation with thesis writing.
1, investigation process
In this survey, we investigated the main stream and tributaries of the Chan River in four groups.
The first group investigated the Happy Forest River, a tributary of the North River of Huangyaguan Great Wall, which had the greatest impact on the river water quality. On June 38+065438+1October 3, we made an investigation under the guidance of our teacher. At the intersection of the Happy Forest River and the river, we found many white sediments at the bottom of the river. According to two old people, the river was very clear a few years ago, and there were many kinds of fish in the water. However, due to the construction of two iron ore plants and several individual gold mines in the ditch a few years ago, the water quality is getting worse and worse, which has a great impact on the drinking water in Happy Valley Village and Happy Forest Village. Some farmers can't drink well water in summer. Now a new paper mill has been built in Happy Valley Village, and it is estimated that the water quality will be worse after it is put into production. According to the old people, the iron ore factory had not yet produced when we investigated. We found these two iron ore plants in the east of Happy Valley Village, which is 3 kilometers away from Shuigou/kloc-0. But because it was noticed by people around us, we had to take photos of a large number of waste residues discharged from factories and far away for safety, without further investigation. In order to investigate the discharge of waste residue and wastewater from two iron ore plants and the location of paper mills and gold selection points,1October 25th, 165438, we came to Happy Valley Factory for the second time. This time, both iron ore factories are producing, and sewage containing a lot of waste residue is being discharged from the factories to the Happy Forest River. Although the white sewage flows 13km along the river, it now flows to the north of Huangyaguan Great Wall. Visibility is extremely low. In this investigation, we found out the location of two iron ore plants and the amount of waste residue. The distance between the two iron ore plants is about 0.5 km, and waste dumps with a length of about 100 m and a width of more than 30 m have been built on the bank of Kuaile Forest. These waste residues are washed into the river by waste water and river water, and finally part of them enter the Zen River. The gold concentrator has stopped production, but still leaves a lot of waste residue into the river. The paper mill in Happy Forest Village has not been put into production.
June165438+1October 10 and June 1 1, and the second, third and fourth groups conducted field investigations on the main channel of Zen River from Huangyaguan North to Nihe respectively. The following are our findings.
There are 3 lime powder production enterprises, organic fertilizer plants 1 family, more than 65438 chicken plants and pig plants 1 family along the river. A large amount of dust and sewage directly enter the Zen River, resulting in high organic matter content in the Zen River and rapid growth of bathing plants such as Spirogyra.
2. There are more than 20 natural villages around the Zen River, with a population of about 1 10,000 and an annual water consumption of about 300,000 cubic meters. There are no fixed treatment measures for sewage. Part of domestic sewage is directly discharged into the Chan River, and the other part flows into the Chan River with surface water in flood season.
3. The pollution of pesticides and fertilizers to Chan River.
There are about 20,000 mu of orchards along the Chan River. According to our investigation and statistics of pesticide and fertilizer retail outlets in Zizhen and Xia Ying towns of Luo Zhuang, about 20 tons of pesticides and 500 tons of fertilizers are applied every year, and about 50% of these fertilizers and pesticides are leached and diffused into the rivers. Investigation shows that many farmers use highly toxic pesticides, such as pesticide 39 1 1.
4. There are a lot of solid wastes along the Chan River, which flow into the water during the flood season. For example, in the south of Duanzhuang Village, hundreds of tons of waste glass fibers left by an abandoned glass factory were directly poured into the Zen River, and when the water level rose during the flood season, they were washed by the river and flowed into the river.
165438+1October 25th, members of the first group investigated a tributary of the river in the east of Xia Ying town. At this time, there was no water in the river. We interviewed Comrade Zhang Yuliang, a member of the CPPCC. According to Comrade Zhang Yuliang, Xia Ying Town Dongli Food Factory conducts food processing from May to 65438+ 10 every year, and discharges a large amount of waste water and leftovers containing caustic soda into the river, which directly pollutes the river, extinguishes fish and shrimp and blackens the river bottom.
Combined with our investigation, we consulted books and materials about water pollution, and through analysis, we came to the following conclusions:
Non-flood season 1 and Chanhe River have high organic matter content.
In our investigation, we found that 60% of the water surface of Chan River is covered with a large number of bathing plants such as Spirogyra. According to the consulting data, the flooding of these bathing plants is due to the excessive content of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water, which consumes a lot of oxygen in the water, destroys the water environment and causes eutrophication pollution. A large number of bathing plants breed in the Zen River, and their nutrients come from domestic sewage, such as laundry sewage and animal manure.
2. The visibility of some sections of 2.Chan River is reduced.
From Duanzhuang village to Huangyaguan, the visibility of the river is low, and the white sediments at the bottom of the river increase, mainly the sewage discharged from the Happy Forest River. The visibility of the river water east of Sangyuan Village to Nihe Village is low, which is mainly caused by dust from coastal lime powder plants. After sampling and analyzing the water in two places, the PH value is greater than 7, which is alkaline.
3. Insecticides affect water quality.
In our investigation, we found that there are nearly dozens of pesticides currently used, most of which are organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides. After entering the water body, the decomposition ability of these organic substances in the water body is extremely limited. With the passage of time, they accumulate in the water, causing biological death in the water, and some organophosphorus or organochlorine pesticides are decomposed by microorganisms, consuming a lot of oxygen, thus causing hypoxia in the water and killing fish.
4. Effects of heavy metals on coastal residents
The common diseases of residents along the Chanhe River, such as leg pain and vascular diseases, are all related to the heavy metals contained in the water. Data show that the most dangerous and potential hazards in water pollution are heavy metal pollution, such as mercury, cadmium, lead and copper. Data show that mercury poisoning can cause quadriplegia and serious decline of organ function. Bone pain in Mount Fuji in Japan from 65438 to 0955 and Minamata disease in Japan from 65438 to 0956 were all caused by heavy metals. Heavy metal pollution is not easy to be detected by people, and it often takes a long time to accumulate, be enriched by organisms, be eaten by people and reach the human body. Only when it reaches a certain concentration will symptoms appear. The harm of heavy metals is extremely extensive. Due to the long-distance migration of the food chain, the waters tens to hundreds of kilometers away from the pollution source are polluted. According to the analysis, influenced by the sewage discharged from the gold concentrator of Happy Valley Factory and the iron ore factory, the Chan River water may contain a certain amount of heavy metals, which has caused great harm to the coastal residents. For example, in the Happy Forest Village we investigated, 80% people suffer from bone pain in different degrees.
4. After our group discussion, we got some immature suggestions and methods as follows:
1. Eliminate waste residue by precipitation and filtration, and turn waste into treasure.
The main source of waste residue is the waste residue discharged from Kuaihuolinhe Iron Mine. Moreover, due to successive years of sewage discharge, the environment of Huangyaguan scenic spot has deteriorated and the water surface has become turbid, which has affected the development of tourism economy. If a large pool is built 0.5 km north of the Great Wall, the outer outlet is made of big river pebbles. Through the natural precipitation of slag and the filtration of river pebbles, the river becomes clear, and after storage, it is discharged downstream in the spring tourist season to serve the tourism economy. At this time, the waste residue will be transported away as building materials to realize the double harvest of economic construction and environmental construction.
2. Establish a green fruit area along the river.
In order to eliminate the pollution of pesticides, fertilizers and aquaculture on the water quality of the river, it is suggested to establish green fruit areas along the river and conduct aquaculture in the orchard to form a benign ecological cycle, produce green fruits without pesticides and fertilizers, and improve fruit yield and quality.
3. Centralized water storage, centralized chemical treatment and tourism services.
Because the Zen River is a seasonal river, the flow in spring and summer is not large, and it often dries up. It is suggested to build a large water storage point in the middle and lower reaches, which has the following advantages: ① to provide water for fruit production in winter and spring; (2) Centralized use of chemical reagents to treat harmful substances in water, such as activated carbon adsorbing toxic heavy metals, to achieve pollution control; ③ Develop fish culture, reduce the organic matter content in water and increase the oxygen content in water; ④ The combination of green orchard and water storage is a new way of tourism.
4. Standard setting method
(1) The relevant departments should manage the enterprises along the river, and it is strictly forbidden to discharge waste water and waste residue into the river at will. Some enterprises that are too close to the river will move away from the river bank.
② Intensify publicity, enhance residents' awareness of environmental protection, and reduce the dumping of garbage and domestic sewage into the river bank.
(3) It is suggested that primary and secondary schools in two towns in the river basin should form environmental protection volunteer groups to remove the existing garbage, and check and remove it regularly.
Through investigation, we can see that with the development of economy, the Chan River has been seriously polluted, which has affected the production and life of coastal residents and restricted the development of tourism. We believe that if the environment along the Chan River is comprehensively treated, the Chan River will definitely restore its original beauty and have a far-reaching economic and social impact. Finally, I hope that people along the Chan River will protect the existing water resources of the Chan River, make it better serve the people in this area, and protect the millions of people along the Qian Qian River and the people in Beijing downstream from it. At the same time, with the success of Beijing's Olympic bid, the clear Chan River and the green fruits along the coast will certainly add a beautiful scenery to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and bring rich economic income to this region.
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Investigation report on boundary river and river water pollution
I. Reasons
There is a river in Dongqiao Village, Taihu Township, my hometown. The river is dirty and muddy, and it flows slowly, sometimes even stops flowing. There are a lot of rubbish floating on the river all the year round: plastic bags, dead chickens, rotten fish and shrimp, various beverage bottles and other discarded items, which often emit disgusting stench. I can't help asking many questions about this river: What's its name? What's the role? Why is it so dirty? What impact will it have on the villagers? With these questions, I decided to use the winter vacation to conduct an investigation.
Second, the survey method
1, date: 65438+1October16 ~ 65438+1October 30th, 2002.
2. Investigator: Yang Yongjun.
3. Field investigation: The total length of the river is 15km, and the river surface, river water, sewage and their sources are investigated on foot.
4. Interview: Visit the residents by the river.
5. Shooting: Shoot the sewage on the river surface and the geographical environment where the sewage is sucked by the river with a "fool" camera.
6. Sampling: sampling and testing the river water.
Third, the survey results.
1. The name of this river is Jinjie River, which is named after a boundary bridge on the river. Jinjie river length 15km. It is a tributary of the Henghe River. It flows through four villages including Shenlou Village and Zhangjiang Village. The last village it flows through is Dongqiao Village. Then it flows through a wasteland with a total length of 3.5km and finally flows into Taihu Lake.
2. The main functions of Jijie River are: drinking water for villagers on both sides of the strait, irrigation for farmland in four villages and domestic water for villagers.
The buildings around Jijie River include schools, residential buildings, houses, paper mills, snack bars and a small market, with a population of about 20,000-25,000.
4. Remember the dirty things in the street river: dead chickens, rotten fish and shrimp, pig intestines, rotten vegetable stalks, coal cakes, plastic bags, plastic bottles, disposable chopsticks, egg shells, wool, leftovers, old tables and chairs, bamboo baskets, light bulbs, waste paper, building supplies and a lot of domestic garbage. The amount of the above-mentioned dirt is countless, and some of it has accumulated on the shore.
5. Jijie River sewage: mainly industrial sewage, agricultural sewage and domestic sewage, among which industrial sewage and domestic sewage are seriously polluted.
6, remember the street river sewage distribution table
Where does it flow?
River width
water quality
Pollution quantity
researcher
Just separated from Yokogawa
7 meters
clearer
Very few
Yang Yongjun
The first village
5 meters
Began to get cloudy.
more
Yang Yongjun
The second village
5.5 meters
disordered/chaotic/confused
more
Yang Yongjun
The third village
4 meters
Turn dark green
more
Yang Yongjun
The fourth village
3 meters
It's dark and frothy.
countless/innumerable
Yang Yongjun
wasteland
10 meter
disordered/chaotic/confused
Has been reduced
Yang Yongjun
2003 65438+125 October
7. Test results of water samples in He Jie: organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and chlorine compounds, as well as a small amount of cyanide, mercury and heavy metals.
8. Record the aquatic plants in Hejie River: Water hyacinth proliferates in large numbers and is full of rivers.
Record the aquatic animals in Hejie River: fish and shrimp are extinct, almost none.
9. Distribution of riparian vegetation in Ji Jie: No. ..
Fourth, analysis
1. As can be seen from the table, the boundary river is seriously polluted when it passes through the village.
2. Through observation, I think there are two reasons why the river is polluted and there are more dirt.
The first point: (natural factors)
1, because the river channel is narrow and there are many pollutants, which leads to blockage and accumulation of pollutants.
The second point: (human factors)
1. The factories along the river directly discharge a large amount of industrial wastewater containing toxic substances into the river.
2. Agricultural sewage containing chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farmland is directly discharged into rivers.
Then, the residents on both sides of the river throw garbage into the river.
Vendors in the market dumped a lot of food and domestic garbage into the river.
5. Due to man-made destruction and toxic river water, vegetation along the river is reduced, resulting in soil erosion and a large amount of sediment entering the river.
6. Due to river pollution, water hyacinths proliferate and block the river.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) The consequences of river pollution.
1. The weather is hot in summer, and the sewage in the river rots and gives off a stench, causing air pollution.
2, dirty environment, so that rats, mosquitoes and flies and other harmful animals multiply in large numbers, fish and shrimp in the river disappear.
3. Polluted rivers flowing into Taihu Lake will worsen the water quality of Taihu Lake.
4. Irrigating farmland with polluted river water will lead to soil salinization.
The influence of river water pollution on villagers
1. Villagers drinking river water can cause various infectious diseases and cancers.
2. The bad smell of the river has an unbearable influence on the health of the villagers.
There is a lot of dirt in the river, which causes the channel to be blocked and it is difficult for ships to enter.
The colorful creatures in the river cause people's visual pollution, which makes people unhappy.
Some plastic garbage is difficult to decompose, which will block the river for a long time.
Seven, experiment
Use two washbasins, one for river water, one for tap water, and two goldfish for observation.
destiny
Goldfish in the basin
Goldfish in the tap water basin
observer
1
Weak, keep breathing.
normality
white poplar
brave
Gentleman/surname
2
Abdomen up, unable to breathe.
normality
three
die
normality
2003 65438+127 October
It can be seen that the river water of Hejie River will pose a threat to human body.
Eight, feelings:
1. Investigation shows that human factors account for 98% of river pollution.
2. Riverside residents lack awareness of protecting water resources and throw garbage into the river at will.
The owners of some stalls, snack bars and factories only care about their own interests, constantly littering and queuing up to discharge sewage, resulting in river pollution.
4. Environmental protection departments and village committees do not attach importance to the regulation of rural rivers, and lack measures for the regulation and protection of rivers.
Nine. Suggestion:
The pollution of Jijie River is quite serious and should be rectified as soon as possible. Polluted rivers in other rural areas should also be rectified as soon as possible. I want to make some suggestions here:
1, Materials Committee and environmental protection department should quickly organize manpower, material resources and financial resources to salvage and remove water hyacinth from river sewage, widen the river surface and make the navigation channel smooth.
2, formulate reasonable rules and regulations, it is strictly prohibited to materials, small defeat into the river dumping garbage, offenders fined.
3. Plant a lot of trees by the river and set up a trash can every once in a while.
4, publicity in the village, let the villagers know the particularity of protecting water resources.
5, regularly send people to salvage the dirt in the river, keep the river clean.
6. The villagers' drinking water must be strictly disinfected and meet the national hygiene standards.
7, industrial and agricultural sewage after treatment, in line with national standards rear can be discharged into the river.
Yang Yongjun
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Investigation report on water pollution in Wujiang River
Fresh water is an indispensable and precious resource in human life, which plays an extremely important role in the past, present and future. As a carrier of fresh water, rivers should be well managed, but they are counterproductive. The following is a summary of water pollution in Wujiang River:
Overall, the situation in Wujiang River is not optimistic. According to the questionnaire survey in school, 58% people think the river is turbid, and only 5.6% students think the water is clear. In terms of the cause of water, 28.6% people think it is caused by pesticide discharge, another 34.5% people think it is caused by chemical fertilizer flowing into rivers with rainwater, and the rest think it is caused by pollutants discharged by factories. All the data show that the river water pollution in the city is very serious, and sewage manufacturers have now become the biggest culprit. However, at present, there are still some rivers in the city that are not seriously polluted, just like other places. Why is the water pollution in Tongli not serious?
Tongli is a tourist city, and the appearance of the town directly affects the future of tourism. Therefore, Tongli town government attaches great importance to river cleaning, and invests a lot of money to clean the river every year, and dozens of ships clean it in the river every day. Through such a series of measures, the river has a cleaner surface and water. These achievements are inseparable from the government's great attention. In other places with serious pollution, it must be related to the government's neglect.
The polluted river water is very different from the original water quality. In the school questionnaire, there is such a problem: compared with the previous natural water, 52% students think it is not good, and only 10% people think it is good. The ratio of the two is obvious, and it also happens in the off-campus questionnaire survey, which fully affirms that although water is a renewable resource, if it is seriously polluted, the water quality will deteriorate.
Then how can we protect the river from pollution? Here is a plan for reference.
About how to use water resources in the questionnaire, nearly 90% people think that the utilization rate of water resources is obviously not high now. Therefore, the water price can be greatly adjusted, and the unit water price that exceeds a certain amount of water is specially treated, that is, raising the water price should enable them to save water as much as possible!
Regarding the treatment of sewage manufacturers, 58.8% of the students think that their factories should be stopped for rectification and ordered to clean up the river within a time limit. In the off-campus investigation, people from the Water Conservancy Bureau also have this intention. For manufacturers, there are several reasons for directly discharging sewage into the river. One is to catch up with the construction period, and the other is to let yourself not bear some "unnecessary" burdens. If we take the right medicine according to this point, let some units with heavy sewage stop to rectify and impose a high fine, which will set a precedent. I think their polluters will also do a good job in anti-pollution measures, but the key is strict law enforcement.
Fresh water resources are limited, and if they are lost, they will be gone. Everything should be prevention-oriented, and prevention and control work should be done before they are completely polluted.