As early as the legendary era, floods occurred in the Yellow River basin, causing serious disasters. Shun ordered Yu to control water. Dredging sand is used to guide the flood into the river and then let it flow to the sea. He is serious and responsible in water control and works very hard. It took him 13 years to finally control the flood.
During the Warring States Period, Li Bing, a water conservancy expert of Qin State and a county magistrate of Shu County (equivalent to later generations), made outstanding achievements and contributed to the ages. Dujiangyan, which he built in the Minjiang River basin, has been benefiting human beings in the western Sichuan plain for more than 2200 years.
During the reign of Emperor Wendi and Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty, the Yellow River burst twice and flooded. Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, mobilized tens of thousands of migrant workers for governance. He visited the construction site, inspected the project and directed the dispatch. After this regulation, there has been no major flood in the Yellow River for over 80 years.
Wang Jing was a water conservancy engineer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Han Ming, the Yellow River burst and flooded the border canal area for more than 60 years. In 69 AD, Wang Jing was appointed to administer the Yellow River. He adopted the measure of "diverting rivers", and finally received great benefits such as flood control, shipping and river regime stability, which made the land of dozens of flooded counties on both sides of the lower Yellow River fertile again.
The deeds of the above-mentioned celebrities governing the Yellow River can be said to be the epitome of the Chinese nation's victory over nature and a vivid example of the selfless dedication of people of all ethnic groups to the motherland.
Fighting spirit of resisting foreign aggression to the death.
The Chinese nation has high morale, bravely fought against foreign invaders, vowed to fight with foreign enemies to the end, and created countless heroic deeds. Qi Jiguang, Zheng Chenggong and Emperor Kangxi are outstanding representatives of the Chinese nation's anti-aggression struggle.
Qi Jiguang hated the Japanese invaders since he was a child. At the age of 65,438+06, he wrote a poem saying: "I don't want to be sealed, may it be peaceful." The "Qijiajun" he trained was disciplined and brave in combat: the drums should move forward, even if there is water and fire ahead, they should move forward bravely; The gong must be returned, even if there is gold and silver in front, it must be resolutely returned.
156 1 year, he led this anti-aggression army to win nine battles near Taizhou, destroying more than 5,000 Japanese pirates and destroying Zhejiang Japanese pirates. Then, he cooperated with another famous anti-Japanese, Yu, and basically wiped out the enemy in Fujian and Guangdong in 1565, becoming a national hero in the history of China.
Zheng Chenggong was a national hero who fought against Dutch colonists in China. 166 1 year, he led 25,000 soldiers from kinmen and landed in Taiwan Province province via penghu. After eight months of extremely hard fighting, the Dutch colonists who occupied Taiwan Province Province for 38 years were finally defeated. 1 February 6621day, the Dutch governor surrendered, and the treasure island of Taiwan Province Province returned to the embrace of the motherland. This is undoubtedly an important event in the ancient history of Taiwan Province Province and China.
Emperor Kangxi was an outstanding figure among the feudal emperors in China. In order to expel the Russian invaders, he personally inspected the northeast and inspected the defense, determined to organize a self-defense counterattack.
1685 and 1686, Emperor Kangxi, who had just turned 30, ordered the Qing army to attack the Russian army that occupied Chayu twice, and the Russian army suffered heavy losses, forcing China and Russia to agree to solve the eastern border issue between China and Russia through negotiations. 1689, he sent Tu Tu to conclude the Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Treaty with Russia, determined the eastern border between China and Russia, and legally affirmed that the vast area of Wusuli River basin in Heilongjiang, including Sakhalin Island, was Russian territory. Emperor Kangxi made immortal contributions to the motherland.
The spirit of resisting oppressors and exploiters.
In the ancient history of China, people's uprisings with the peasant class as the main body broke out again and again. Although these uprisings did not achieve the goal of fundamentally transforming the society and liberating the peasant class itself, they fully demonstrated the fearless resistance spirit of the working people in China in past dynasties because they put forward the slogan of despising power and denying privileges, or put forward the program of subverting the feudal ruling order and possession system, and fought hard for it. The former, such as Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising, said, "What would you rather have?" The latter, such as Huang Chao Uprising, Wang Xiaobo Uprising, Zhong Xiang Yang Yao Uprising, Li Zicheng Uprising, etc., are all concentrated manifestations of this rebellious spirit.
The almost endless people's uprising in the ancient history of our country dealt a heavy blow to the feudal ruling class and all exploiters, and changed the social situation of our country to a certain extent: from political corruption and darkness before the uprising, the land was highly concentrated, people were displaced and starved everywhere, to political clarity, economic recovery and development, and people's lives were relatively stable and slightly improved.
After the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty, the rulers in the early years of Western Han Dynasty paid attention to drawing lessons from the death of Qin Dynasty and adopted a lenient policy of rest and recuperation. In the period of Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi, "the rule of Wenjing" appeared.
After the Greenwood Red Eyebrow Uprising overthrew the rule of Wang Mang's "new" dynasty, Liu Xiu, Guangwu Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, adjusted his ruling policy. After more than ten years, the situation of "glorifying martial arts and rejuvenating the country" appeared, and the people's personal rights were also more guaranteed.
After the unification of China, Emperor Taizong learned the lesson of laziness, realized the greatness of people's power, understood the truth that "water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it", and comprehensively adjusted the ruling policy, which led to the emergence of "Zhenguan rule" and "Kaiyuan prosperity" in the early Tang Dynasty.
The Ming and Qing Dynasties, established after the large-scale peasant war, also paid attention to adjusting the ruling policies in the early days of their rule, which made the country progress and develop to varying degrees.
Facts have eloquently proved that in China's feudal society, which lasted for more than 2,000 years, only those large-scale people's uprisings launched by stages were the powerful forces to crack down on reactionary rule, sweep away decadent and evil forces, and clean up the country's development path, and they were one of the great driving forces to push the motherland forward.
The patriotic spirit of safeguarding the reunification of the motherland
The Chinese nation loves peace and opposes war; Longing for unity and hating division.
Although there were four long-term separatist regimes in China's history, due to the strong cohesion of the Chinese nation, the four divisions were finally replaced by four unification: (1) The rule of the King of Qin in 22 BC1year ended the separatist situation in the Warring States and unified China; (2) In 280, Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, destroyed Wu, ended the tripartite confrontation among the Three Kingdoms and unified China; (3) In 589, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, ended the confrontation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties and unified China; (4) Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan wiped out the last resistance force in the Southern Song Dynasty on 1279, ending the confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties and unifying China. These four unifications show that reunification is the mainstream and trend of the historical development of the motherland and the aspiration of the Chinese nation. The four emperors complied with the historical trend and people's wishes and fulfilled the mission entrusted by history. In addition to these four unifications, the unification of the Qing Dynasty is of great significance. In the early Qing Dynasty, Taiwan Province Zheng separatist forces, namely Zheng Jing and Zheng Keshuang armed groups, split the two sides of the Taiwan Province Strait. 1683, Emperor Kangxi sent the Qing army into Taiwan Province Province. The following year, the Qing government established the Taiwan Province government in Taiwan Province Province, which was subordinate to Fujian Province, and completed the great cause of the reunification of the motherland.
In addition, the separatist forces headed by galdan in Junggar, a desert western Mongolia, openly demanded to Emperor Kangxi that "the holy king is in the south and I grew up in the north" in an attempt to split the motherland with the support of Russia. Emperor Kangxi personally led the troops to fight, and defeated galdan's army in Ulan Butong and Zhaomodo in 1690 and 1696 respectively, finally eliminating this separatist force and consolidating the unity of a multi-ethnic country.
Turgut's return to the motherland is of unique historical significance. The Ministry is a branch of the western Mongolian desert. In the late Ming Dynasty, it moved westward to the lower reaches of the Volga River and was gradually controlled by Russia. 177 1 year 1 month 5, 27-year-old wabashi led Turks to launch an armed uprising against Russian oppression, and then embarked on a difficult journey to return to the motherland. After more than half a year's unremitting efforts and sacrifices, he finally returned to the embrace of the motherland, wrote a glorious chapter for the consolidation and development of a multi-ethnic country, and proved that the motherland of the Chinese nation has strong cohesion.
The reform spirit of exploring the development path
The Chinese nation is good at inheritance and brave in reform. In China's ancient upper middle school, generations of reformers constantly emerged and reformed again and again.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Henggong appointed a politician Guan Zhong to carry out reforms, which greatly enhanced the power of Qi, and thus became the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period.
During the Warring States Period, Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Yang to carry out political reform, which gradually made Qin the strongest of the seven warring states men and laid the foundation for the unification of Qin.
Tuoba Hong (Xianbei nationality), Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, carried out a reform that will go down in history forever, which accelerated the process of feudalism of all ethnic groups in the North and promoted the great integration of all ethnic groups in the North. In particular, the land equalization order he promulgated was a far-reaching reform measure, which basically inherited this new land system until the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Although Wang Anshi's political reform in the Northern Song Dynasty was a flash in the pan in history, his guiding ideology and the goal of "enriching Qiang Bing" will never be forgotten by the Chinese nation.
China's famous reform runs through the ancient history of China and promotes the development of the country to varying degrees. This fine reform tradition has been inherited by modern advanced figures. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, in order to save the country, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong and others launched the Reform Movement of 1898. At the grim moment when the reform was suppressed by the feudal die-hards, the great patriot and reformer Tan Sitong stepped forward, refused to go into exile and persisted in the struggle to the end. He once left a precious last words for future generations: "political reforms in all countries are produced from bloodshed; Today, China has never heard of people bleeding because of political reform, and this country is not prosperous. If so, please start from the beginning! "His lofty spirit of dedication to political reform and the motherland is precisely the inevitable product of many reforms in the ancient history of China, and it is also the best interpretation of the patriotic nature of these reforms. The reform of China's ancient history is mostly progressive, which embodies the exploration spirit, innovative consciousness and strong vitality of the Chinese nation and is one of the driving forces for the historical development of China.
The contribution spirit of all ethnic groups in the construction of middle schools.
The history of Chinese civilization was jointly created by all ethnic groups in the motherland, and more than 50 ethnic groups made indelible contributions to the development and prosperity of ancient China.
First of all, since ancient times, all ethnic groups in China have learned from each other and developed together. After Zhang Qian's voyage to the West, plants planted by people of all ethnic groups in the western regions, such as grapes, alfalfa, walnuts, carrots and other seeds, were introduced to the mainland through the envoys of China, enriching the lives of the Han people. The cast iron sinking technology of the Han nationality in the mainland spread to the Western Regions, which promoted the development of all ethnic groups in the Western Regions. After the unification of the Yellow River Basin in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was a trend of great integration and great exchanges among the northern ethnic groups: all ethnic minorities learned advanced agricultural production techniques from the Han nationality; The vast number of Han people have also learned the experience of the brothers in animal husbandry. During the Liao, Song, Xia and Jin Dynasties, the Han nationality in the Central Plains and the ethnic minorities in the north and northwest conducted frequent trade through the market, which promoted each other's development, and so on.
Secondly, while affirming the leading role of the Han nationality, it must be pointed out that the ethnic minorities in China, especially the Mongols and the Jurchen (Manchu), have made unique contributions to the development of the motherland.
The Yuan Empire established by Mongols created various systems, including the provincial system. Among them, the provincial system has great influence on later generations: first, it laid a preliminary foundation for China's administrative divisions after the Ming and Qing Dynasties; Second, the central government has strengthened its jurisdiction over border areas, especially in Taiwan Province Province and Tibet; Third, and most importantly, it has promoted the friendly exchanges and integration of people of all ethnic groups under the jurisdiction of the same central government, and enhanced the centripetal force and cohesion of the Chinese nation.
Jurchen first established the local government "Jin" located in the north of Huaishui and Dasanguan, and then established the Qing Dynasty which ruled our country for 268 years. The early Qing Dynasty was an important stage of China's development, and the unification of China was further consolidated and strengthened.
The above facts show that our great motherland was jointly created by people of all ethnic groups, and the spirit of great contributions made by people of all ethnic groups to the construction of China will go down in history forever.
Dedication to promote the development of frontier areas
The Chinese nation is a dedicated nation. In the process of forming a multi-ethnic country, pioneers who are willing to serve the frontier and contribute to the motherland emerge one after another, among which Zhang Qian and Ban Chao are the most outstanding representatives.
In order to contact Da Yue's attack on Xiongnu, Zhang Qian made his first mission to the Western Regions in 139 before the order of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. I went through Dawan, Kangju, Da Yue, Daxia and other places. I didn't return to Han until 126 BC, and spent 13 years abroad, among which I was detained by the Huns1/year. Back in Chang 'an, he and Tang Yi's father were the only people who left 100, and the hardships and difficulties were hard to imagine. In BC 1 19, he was ordered to go to Wusun for the second time. It was not until 1 15 BC that Wu Sun's emissary accompanied him back to Han and died the following year. He devoted the last 20 years of his life selflessly to the frontier of the motherland.
Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions opened a new era of communication between China and the West. Since then, China's ancient civilization has spread to the west, and silk, metallurgy and water conservancy technology have spread to Central Asia, Rome and Europe. Another important function of Zhang Qian's communication with the western regions is to lay a foundation for the Western Han government to set up the Western Regions' capital protection government, which is conducive to the formation of a unified multi-ethnic country.
Ban Chao is another outstanding figure who has served and contributed to the motherland in the frontier after Zhang Qian. In 73 AD, Ban Chao, who took Zhang Qian as his post and was famous for joining the army, followed Dou Gu to attack the Xiongnu nobles in the north and was ordered to lead 36 officials to the Western Regions. He lived in the western regions for 30 years, consolidated the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the western regions, and protected the safety of all ethnic groups in the western regions and the smooth flow of the Silk Road. Gan Ying was also sent to Daqin (Roman Empire) and Gan Ying was sent to regulate the West Sea (Persian Gulf). It can be said that this is the first attempt of the Chinese nation to move from land to Europe. 102, Ban Chao returned to Luoyang and died soon. He devoted the last 30 years of his life to the Western Regions, the western frontier of China, and made outstanding contributions to the formation and consolidation of China's unified multi-ethnic country.
Zhang Qian and Ban Chao's contribution to the frontier will shine forever!
The spirit of cooperation with Asian and African countries.
The Chinese nation is a broad-minded nation, which not only loves its motherland, but also cares about the whole world. Many outstanding figures appeared in the ancient history of China. They went abroad to the world, exchanged economy and culture, enhanced friendship and understanding, and made contributions to the development of Asia and Africa.
Xuanzang was a monk in the Tang Dynasty, one of the founders of the only-knowing Sect, and was also known as the three great translators of Buddhism in China with Kumarajiva and Zhen Zhen. In order to solve the problem, he went to Tianzhu (India) to study and spent 17 years there. After returning to Chang 'an, he worked as a translator for 19 years, translating 75 classics and essays, 1335 volumes. The classics he translated contributed to enriching the culture of the motherland and preserved precious books for ancient Indian Buddhism.
Jian Zhen was also a monk in the Tang Dynasty. He went to the East six times, and the last time, he arrived in Japan. He spread Buddhism in Kyushu, Nara and other places in Japan and became the founder of Japanese legalists. He also introduced China's knowledge of architecture, sculpture and medicine to Japan, and made outstanding contributions to Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges, and finally died in Japan.
Zheng He was a great navigator in Ming Dynasty, the Hui nationality. From 1405 to 1433, in 28 years, he made seven voyages to the Western Ocean, traveled to more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa, and reached the east coast of Africa and the coastal areas of the Red Sea as far as possible. Zheng He's fleet strengthened the friendly trade relations between China and Asia and Africa, and deepened the friendship between China and Asian and African countries. Its influence should not be underestimated.
Zheng He's voyage to the West is an unprecedented feat in the history of world navigation, which is not only large in scale, but also early in time. The last year of Zheng He's voyage to the West was 59 years earlier than the year when Columbus arrived in America, and the year when Bibida Gama bypassed the Cape of Good Hope was 64 years earlier. Zheng He is a great navigator in the history of world navigation.
Zheng He was 60 when he set sail for the seventh time, and Ye was 62 when he returned to China. He died of illness within two years. He devoted the rest of his life to the ocean voyage of his motherland without reservation.
The above-mentioned outstanding figures of the Chinese nation, represented by Xuanzang, Jian Zhen and Zheng He, belong not only to China, but also to Asia, Africa and the world.
Scientific creation spirit for the country and the people
The Chinese nation is industrious and creative. In ancient history, it created splendid ancient culture and trained countless outstanding scientists.
The ancient culture of China is dazzling and radiant. The highlights are as follows: the bronze culture of Shang Dynasty, the earliest record of solar eclipse in the world; The earliest record of Halley's comet in the Spring and Autumn Period; The world's first astronomical work, Shi Gan Xing Jing, produced during the Warring States Period; The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, known as the "eighth wonder of the world"; A special case of Pythagorean theorem proposed 500 years earlier than the West; Pharmacopoeia Cao, 800 years earlier than the west; China's four great inventions from the Western Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty-papermaking, printing, compass and gunpowder, and so on. These are rare in the history of science and technology in the world, among which four great inventions are the important symbols that make China four ancient civilizations, and its spread to the west has exerted a well-known influence on the development of western civilization.
Scientists in ancient China, like stars, attracted the attention of the whole world:
Zhang Heng, a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, created the earliest armillary sphere and seismograph in the world to determine the direction of earthquakes. The latter is earlier than the first seismograph in Europe 1700 years. He also correctly explained the cause of the solar eclipse for the first time in the world.
Zu Chongzhi, a scientist in the Southern Dynasties, calculated the value of pi to be between 3. 14 1526 and 3. 14 15927, becoming the first scientist in the world to make the value of pi accurate to seven decimal places. His secret rate of 355/ 133 was earlier than that in Europe 1 100 years ago.
Astronomers and monks in the Tang Dynasty became the first people in the world to measure the meridian length.
Chronicles of Guo Shoujing, Wang Xun, Xu Heng and other scientists in the Yuan Dynasty. This calendar is the same as the Gregorian calendar proposed by the current Gregorian calendar, namely 1582, but it is 300 years earlier than the latter.
Li Shizhen was an outstanding medical scientist in Ming Dynasty, after 27 years of hard work. Finally, he wrote Compendium of Materia Medica, which is the richest and most detailed pharmacological work in the world.
Ancient scientists in China made outstanding contributions. So that China's traditional science and technology has been in the leading position in the world until the Ming Dynasty.
To sum up, the glorious career of outstanding representatives of the Chinese nation shows that the Chinese nation is a hardworking nation, and generation after generation has been constantly fighting against nature and transforming the living environment; The Chinese nation is a brave nation, with the heroic spirit of fighting the foreign invaders to the end and the firm determination to fight the oppressors and exploiters to the death. The Chinese nation is an exploratory nation, constantly reforming and innovating to seek the development and progress of the motherland; The Chinese nation is loyal to the motherland and has been committed to national unity and prosperity for generations; The Chinese nation is good at scientific creation and invention, creating an ancient culture that has amazed the world for thousands of years; The Chinese nation is a dedicated nation, not only loyal to the motherland, but also selfless dedication to the world. The above points are the connotation of patriotism of the Chinese nation. Shaping the new generation of the Chinese nation with the above spiritual education will surely make them create new and greater glories.