Improving engineering quality is the goal pursued by many construction enterprises, and it is also the fundamental way to expand the market share of construction and improve the reputation of enterprises. Engineering quality is always the focus of market competition. How to improve the physical quality of engineering projects is an important topic for all construction enterprises and a hot topic. The author wrote this article to express his views.
1 Improve the quality of engineering construction and create excellent projects.
It is not only the requirement of the survival of the fittest in market competition, but also the need of the survival and development of enterprises themselves. "Quality first" is a summary of countless cases and lessons of blood and tears. With the rapid development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of people's requirements for the quality of building products, the connotation and extension of the quality of building products have been extended and expanded to varying degrees. In order to occupy a place in the fierce market competition and realize the survival and development of enterprises themselves, we must re-understand the quality of building products. For construction enterprises, the author believes that the quality of construction products includes three aspects: first, the quality of the main structure of construction products. The second is visual sensory quality. The third is the use of functional quality. Building products, like any other products with use function, can only give people sensory enjoyment in terms of physical design and decoration. The ultimate goal of people's purchase and consumption is to use, and the quality of use function is not only caused by design reasons, but also by construction quality reasons. The most basic functions of water, electricity and gas are the most basic requirements for the internal quality of building products. The water flow is blocked and the water flow is not smooth; Wire short circuit, air leakage; There are also water seepage in windowsills, roofs and external walls, which are the last quality problems people want to see.
How to improve the construction quality of building products, create more high-quality projects and provide high-quality building products for owners and users by eliminating common quality problems in the construction process is not only the requirement of market competition, but also the inherent need of enterprises' own survival and development. Therefore, building construction enterprises must put improving the construction quality of building products in the first place in the production, operation and management of enterprises.
2 must strengthen the management of the construction site
Construction site is the place where building products are finally formed, and construction site management is also a complete system. In this system, civilized construction on the construction site, management of construction safety production, organization and implementation of construction production, implementation, inspection, audit and supervision of technical quality management, management of materials entering the site, inspection, test and use, budget management, statistics, accounting, public security management on the construction site, fire control and hygiene management, and management of subcontracting teams constitute the construction site management system.
Quality management is the core in the construction site management system. Around the main line of "quality management of building products", the subsystems in the construction site management system are strung together. Through the in-depth development of civilized and standardized site standards activities, conditions and guarantees are provided for the creation of high-quality projects. This is the concept of strengthening construction site management. Creating excellence and reaching the standard seem to be two different concepts, but they are inseparable. In order to create a high-quality project, high standards and requirements are put forward for the management of the construction site. The site management is chaotic, and creating high-quality projects is empty talk. By carrying out the activities of reaching the standards in civilized and standardized construction sites and implementing ISO9002 standards, we can create a suitable working environment and provide conditions for creating high-quality projects. The ultimate goal of construction enterprises is to strengthen construction site management and provide customers with satisfactory high-quality building products and good services by carrying out activities of creating excellence and reaching standards.
3. Grasp the operation of the quality system and standardize the quality management behavior.
Carrying out ISO9002 quality system and applying ISO9002 international standard management mode, standard method and effective operation are effective ways and methods to promote and improve the quality management ability and level of construction site. Establish a documented quality management system. According to the ISO90002 standard, the quality management manual and the compilation of program documents were compiled, and the three-level supporting documents were cleaned up and revised. Establish a documented quality system and define the quality policy, objectives and management network of the enterprise; Clarify the responsibilities and authority of managers at all levels and departments; The procedures and standards of construction quality management are clarified, which provides basic conditions for the effective operation of enterprise quality system. The establishment of quality management system objectively promotes the improvement of internal technology and quality management system of enterprises, and provides standards and basis for enterprises to carry out systematic, standardized and scientific construction management and improve construction quality. First, grasp the main line of effective control and operation of enterprise quality management system. From the quality planning at the beginning of the year, the decomposition and implementation of annual quality indicators, the preparation of project quality plan and construction organization design, to the quality management of construction site and the return visit service of completed projects, the focus of work is on process control. It is proved to be effective to adhere to the monthly meeting system of ISO9002 quality system and make use of the effective operation of quality system to promote and promote the improvement of product quality. The second is to pay attention to the implementation of standards, norms and procedures. On the basis of the existing work, the management documents of engineering quality and technology were cleaned up and revised, and the Compilation of Enterprise Engineering Quality Management System was supplemented and issued. Enable enterprises to have technical quality system management norms, standards and systems. This has played an important role in strengthening the quality management of the construction site and standardizing the quality management behavior. The third is to do a good job in the revision and implementation of quality reward and punishment measures. With the economic globalization and the improvement of internal quality management standards and requirements, it is imperative to revise the enterprise quality reward and punishment measures. Gradually revise and improve the enterprise quality reward and punishment measures, from the perspective of internal legislation of enterprises, through the form of system, better introduce the work of creating excellence and reaching standards into the track of sustained and effective operation. Appropriate reward and necessary punishment are important measures to ensure the effective operation of quality management on the construction site.
4 Strictly control the quality of building materials and components.
The quality of building materials and components is closely related to the quality of construction projects. In order to achieve the goal of building engineering quality reaching the standard and creating excellence, the building materials supply department of the construction enterprise must establish working contact and material quality information feedback system with the manufacturers of building materials and components. Close business contact, constantly improve and improve material quality, avoid and solve quality disputes with suppliers. The author thinks that the key to quality control of building materials and building components is to grasp three links: procurement quality, quality acceptance and storage quality of building materials and building components. (1) Procurement quality of building materials and components. Material procurement personnel should choose qualified suppliers. At the beginning, two or more suppliers should be selected. After comparison, it is determined that a long-term supply agreement can be signed for the land that can guarantee the supply quality after many supply evaluations. At the same time, suppliers should be evaluated by considering the prices and expenses of building materials and components, delivery services and other standards. The suppliers of materials and components designated by the design department and the construction unit have quality assurance ability after examination, and can place orders according to the manufacturers designated by the design and construction department. Otherwise, the supplier shall be selected through consultation with the design and construction departments. Do not purchase, that is, do not purchase materials and components that do not meet quality standards; Do not purchase materials and components that have been explicitly eliminated by the state, do not purchase unqualified materials and components, and do not purchase materials that users have objections to quality.
(2) The quality acceptance of building materials and building components is an important link in the quality control of building materials and building components. In the process of material component supply acceptance, if there is any objection to the quality of material components, the supply department is responsible for negotiating with the supplier, and the specific implementation shall be handled in accordance with the Arbitration Measures for Quality Objections of Raw Material Components. After the quality re-inspection of materials and components, a re-inspection report shall be obtained. Unqualified building materials and components shall be treated according to the Measures for Isolation of Materials and Components and the Measures for Return of Raw Materials and Components.
(3) Quality management of building materials and components storage. In order to prevent the components and parts of the building materials in stock from deteriorating and ensure that the materials are in good condition, the warehouse management personnel of the supply department, the branch company or the project management department are responsible for the storage and distribution of the components and parts of the acceptance materials. We must strictly follow the warehouse management methods, set up accounts in time, and strictly implement the warehouse storage principle. Special materials should be tracked and managed, classified and kept. Mixing is strictly prohibited. Inspect spare parts of stock materials regularly, find possible quality changes and losses, and prevent materials from mildew, deterioration, moisture, rust, insects and rats, aging and expiration. The construction process of an engineering project consists of a series of interrelated and mutually restrictive working procedures, and the quality of working procedures is the foundation, which directly affects the overall quality of the engineering project. Process quality control is the quality control of process activity conditions and process activity effects, so as to realize the quality control of the whole construction process. The principle of process quality control is to use the method of mathematical statistics to judge whether the quality of the whole process is stable and normal by counting and analyzing some (sub-sample) data of the process. If it is unstable or abnormal, countermeasures and measures must be taken in time to improve it. In the process of process quality control, first, strictly implement the construction technology and operating procedures. The second is to effectively control the construction personnel, construction materials, construction machinery and equipment, construction methods, construction environment and other factors to make them under control. Third, check the quality of process activities in time and grasp the quality dynamics in time. The fourth is to set up process quality control points. For the key parts or weak links of the process, the process is guaranteed by setting the process quality control points to make them reach a good control state.
5. Grasp the control of common quality defects and provide customers with satisfactory high-quality building products.
There are some quality problems in construction, such as leakage, shelling and cracking. We should attach great importance to the cause analysis and preventive measures of common quality defects. Only by mastering the causes of common quality defects can we formulate preventive measures and achieve the effect of the right medicine. There are a lot of common quality defects, which are extremely harmful. Eliminating common quality problems is the key link to improve the quality of construction projects. Organizers and operators of construction projects must firmly establish the concept of "quality first, prevention first", consciously abide by construction procedures and operating rules, adhere to quality standards, and prevent wall cracks in projects prone to quality accidents such as concealed works and uneven settlement of foundations; Honeycomb, pitted surface and exposed reinforcement in cast-in-place reinforced concrete engineering; The roof leaks water; Sand, shell and crack on the ground and floor; Balcony and awning are cracked, overturned and collapsed; Wall plaster shell, cracks, pits and uneven; If the doors and windows are deformed, the gaps are too large, and the seals are not tight, it is necessary to carry out on-site QC team research, strengthen the quality and skill training of construction personnel, and improve their operation level. Strictly carry out quality inspection, conscientiously sum up the causes and prevention of common quality defects, so as to completely eliminate common quality defects.
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