According to the different objects described in comments, commonly used comments can be divided into three types:
⑴ Meeting minutes: mainly including preface and text. The preface briefly introduces the general situation of the meeting (meeting time, place, organizer, participants, main topics, etc.). , and some can also increase the background and significance of the meeting); The main part specifically introduces the contents of the meeting, the main issues discussed and various academic viewpoints.
⑵ discussion summary: it is a comprehensive description of the discussion of a topic in a certain period.
There are three main writing methods:
Let's briefly introduce the various viewpoints formed in the discussion, without involving specific content. This writing is highly generalized, but the information value is not very high.
The second is to introduce the issues discussed, and introduce various viewpoints and main arguments around the issues. In writing, it is generally to list more concerned issues first, and then introduce different viewpoints and main arguments under each issue to demonstrate.
The third is the order of discussion, indicating the focus of controversy at each stage and listing various viewpoints. This way of writing can make readers better understand the context of the whole discussion.
⑶ Research summary: It is a comprehensive description of the research situation of a certain discipline (or specialty).
Because this kind of summary is to fully reflect the research situation of a discipline (or major), it is necessary to fully occupy the materials in the text and conduct in-depth analysis and research.
Expand other similar answers (1) and hide other similar answers (1).
Green mustard 19806 12 [PhD student] 2009-2-619:18123.6438+065.222. * Report.
The main features of the review are: first, comprehensiveness. On the basis of induction and arrangement, we should comprehensively and systematically reflect the whole picture of the described object; The second one is descriptive. Summary should be an objective reflection of a certain research situation, and the author can't make comments or suggestions. Of course, in the process of summarizing and sorting out the materials, the author's viewpoints and methods will play a role, but this role should be based on the premise of not affecting the objectivity of the review.
According to the different objects described in comments, commonly used comments can be divided into three types:
⑴ Meeting minutes: mainly including preface and text. The preface briefly introduces the general situation of the meeting (meeting time, place, organizer, participants, main topics, etc.). , and some can also increase the background and significance of the meeting); The main part specifically introduces the contents of the meeting, the main issues discussed and various academic viewpoints.
⑵ discussion summary: it is a comprehensive description of the discussion of a topic in a certain period.
There are three main writing methods:
Let's briefly introduce the various viewpoints formed in the discussion, without involving specific content. This writing is highly generalized, but the information value is not very high.
The second is to introduce the issues discussed, and introduce various viewpoints and main arguments around the issues. In writing, it is generally to list more concerned issues first, and then introduce different viewpoints and main arguments under each issue to demonstrate.
The third is the order of discussion, indicating the focus of controversy at each stage and listing various viewpoints. This way of writing can make readers better understand the context of the whole discussion.
⑶ Research summary: It is a comprehensive description of the research situation of a certain discipline (or specialty).
Because this review is to comprehensively reflect the research situation of a discipline (or major), it is necessary to fully occupy the materials and conduct in-depth analysis and research in words.
[favorable] [unfavorable]
Platinum [PhD student] 2009-2-619: 09: 0471.198 438+09. * Report.
Is to evaluate the information you have collected. So far, who has done research on this issue, what is the result of the research and what are the shortcomings.
In this way, you can easily write down a part. You should improve these shortcomings, which is the value of your paper.
The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because the research papers focus on the research methods and results, while the literature review introduces the detailed information, trends, progress, prospects and comments related to the theme. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: preface, theme, summary and references. When writing a literature review, you can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.
The preface mainly explains the purpose of writing, introduces related concepts and definitions, outlines the scope, and briefly explains the current situation or focus of debate of related topics, so that readers can have a preliminary outline of the problems to be described in the full text.
The theme part is the main body of the summary, and the writing methods are diverse and there is no fixed format. It can be summarized in chronological order and compared from different angles according to different problems. No matter which format is adopted, the collected documents should be summarized, sorted, analyzed and compared, and the historical background, present situation and development direction of related topics and comments on these issues should be made clear. In the theme part, we should pay special attention to representative, scientific and creative references and comments.
The summary part, similar to the summary of the research paper, briefly summarizes the theme of the full text, puts forward my own opinions and predicts the further development direction.
Reference, because it not only reflects the respect for the author of the cited document and the basis of the cited document, but also provides a review clue for the reviewer. The arrangement of references should be clear, easy to find and accurate. Regarding the use of references, the recorded items and formats are the same as those of research papers, and they are not repeated.
[favorable] [unfavorable]
Dong Xiaoer [Ph.D. student] reported+09: 20: 03120.131.187 on February 6, 2009. *
summary
Professional ghostwriting translation and publishing
It refers to a paper written by the author aiming at a certain topic and summarizing, analyzing and refining a large number of data, materials and main viewpoints in the original research papers in a certain period. The summary is a three-phase document, with strong topic, small scope, certain depth and timeliness, which can reflect the historical background, research status and development trend of this topic and has high information science value. After reading the review, we can know the latest research trends and some original research papers on this subject in a short time. Most medical journals at home and abroad have abstract columns.
Searching and reading literature is an important prerequisite for writing a review. The quality of the review depends largely on the author's mastery of the latest literature related to this topic. If you don't do a good job in literature retrieval and reading, you will certainly write a high-level summary.
The writing format of a review generally includes four parts: preface, text, summary and references.
The preface should use concise words to explain the purpose and necessity of writing, the definition of related concepts, the scope of review, the present situation and trend of related issues, and the focus of current major issues. The preface is generally 200-300 words, not more than 500 words.
Writing is the focus of review, and writing has no fixed format. As long as the comprehensive content can be better expressed, the author can creatively adopt various forms. The text mainly includes two parts: argumentation and argumentation. By asking questions, analyzing and solving problems, we can compare different scholars' views on the same problem and their theoretical basis, and further clarify the context of the problem and the author's own views. The author can also put forward different literary views from the historical background, present situation and development direction of the problem. The body part can be divided into several subheadings according to the content.
Abstract is a brief summary of the main body of the abstract. The author should make a comprehensive evaluation of various viewpoints, put forward his own views, and point out the existing problems and the direction and prospect of future development. A simple summary can also be omitted.
References are an important part of the review. The number of general references can reflect the breadth and depth of the author's reading. Different magazines have different requirements on the number of references for review papers, generally less than 30 articles are appropriate, with the latest documents in the last 3-5 years as the main ones.
Several points for attention in writing a summary paper: (1) The topic should not be too big. Generally speaking, if the topic is too big, it is difficult to grasp the center of the paper and understand it thoroughly. ⑵ The references are too old. The review must reflect the latest research of others. If the cited documents are all old references from previous research institutes, they cannot reflect the latest research trends. (3) Don't cite too many references. Literature review writers sometimes see the phenomenon of quoting indirect literature. If the author quotes other people's references, it is better not to quote them indirectly. (4) The summary is too long. Magazine editorial departments generally have a certain number of words to review manuscripts. When the author writes a summary for the first time, he often doesn't pay attention to this point, which leads to more empty talk and rhetoric, and the focus is not prominent. The summary should not exceed 4000 words. 5] Summary is not a simple literature list, but must be synthesized and summarized by the author himself. Some reviews only list the following literature, which looks like a running account, without the author's own synthesis and analysis, which makes people feel repetitive and puzzling after reading it.
References:
www.dxf 1.cn