Reference is the whole reference or quotation of a book or a paper in the process of academic research. The cited documents have been noted in the notes and no longer appear in the following references. Literally, a reference is a document cited in the writing process, such as an article or a book. However, according to the definition of GB/T 77 14-2005, the bibliographic reference refers to "the information resources of related documents cited for writing or editing papers and works." References are continuously coded with Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the text, and the serial numbers are placed in square brackets.

⑴ The description rule of bibliographic references is GB/T 77 14—2005, which is applicable to bibliographic references cataloged by authors and editors but not used by librarians, cataloguers and index editors.

(2) The specific arrangement of sequential coding system. References are continuously coded with Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the text, and the serial numbers are placed in square brackets. If the file is referenced repeatedly, it is marked with the same serial number in the text. Generally speaking, the page number (or page number range) of a document cited once is listed in the following references. The format is "publication year" of the work or "year, volume (issue)"+":page number (or page number range) of the periodical. For documents cited many times, list the page number or page number range of each reference in the serial number tag (some publications also regard the information that can indicate the location of the cited documents as page numbers) and put them in square brackets (only numbers are listed, without words and characters such as "P" or "page"; The line in the middle of the page number range is a half-word line) and marked with superscript. If the serial number of a reference appearing as text needs to be followed by a page number or a page number range, the page number or page number range should also be superscript. Authors and editors need to carefully check the serial numbers of references under the sequential coding system, so that the serial numbers are consistent with the list of references after the marked documents are exactly the same. In addition, the page number or page number range of references should also be accurate.

(3) Reference types and document types are identified with single letters according to GB3469-83 Document Types and Document Carrier Codes:

Monograph m; Newspaper n; Journal j; Patent document p; Compilation g; Ancient books o; Technical standards;

Dissertation d; Scientific and technological report; Reference tool k; Search tool w; File b; Tape a;

Chart q; Record l; Product sample x; Video tape v; Meeting minutes; Chinese translation test;

Music score I; Movie y; Manuscript h; Microfilm u; Slide z; Miniature flat film f; Other e.