First, the structural model of argumentative writing (layout)
The first section is 1, which summarizes the materials (topics) and leads to the argument. [Introduction]
Section two,
The third section of the text, problem analysis and demonstration [this theory]
Section 4, (Use three arguments as the first sentence of the paragraph)
The last five sections summarize the full text and reiterate (deepen) the argument [conclusion]
(Three floors and five sections. Five short articles)
How to list three sub-arguments (the first sentence of a paragraph) in the "body" section?
1. "Why" method (ask questions, analyze problems and solve problems; Mother law)
(What, why and how)
Composition on "Talking about Mother Tongue" [Vertical Structure]
What is mother tongue (Chinese)?
Why should we attach importance to mother tongue learning?
Chinese is the carrier of national culture.
Chinese is a symbol of China culture.
Chinese is the business card of China people)
How to learn Chinese mother tongue well?
2 "what" method (parallel decomposition of "what") [horizontal structure]
On the Cultural Spirit of Shanghai (Shanghai's Business Card)
Shanghai spirit is the spirit of the ocean.
Shanghai spirit is a dragon and horse spirit that dares to be the first.
Shanghai spirit is a harmonious spirit of win-win with the world.
3 "Why" method (cause analysis method; Decompose "why" side by side; Horizontal structure)
Writing on the topic of "miscellaneous taste";
Why does "miscellaneous" bring beauty to the world?
Literature is colorful because of "miscellaneous" [The genre is mixed and beautiful, and the characters are mixed and beautiful]
Art is colorful because of "miscellaneous". "Music, dance, art, film and television comprehensive art"
Science develops because of "miscellaneous". [Physiology, Bionics, Hybrid Rice]
Life is delicious because of "miscellaneous". [Hot pot, clothing]
Composition on "Stabilizing the Roots of National Spirit": (Break down "Why" side by side)
Why should we stabilize the roots of the national spirit?
Because the national spirit is the criterion of our life.
(Confucius and Mencius' Way of Self-cultivation)
Because the national spirit is the foundation of our country.
(self-improvement, harmony is precious)
Because the more national it is, the more cosmopolitan it is.
(Overseas Confucius Institute, Sun Tzu's Art of War)
Writing on the topic "How to treat pop culture";
Popular martial arts culture inherits the national spirit of "sacrificing life for righteousness".
Pop music culture touched the hearts of boys and girls.
Popular film and television culture keeps us in step with the world culture.
4 "how to do" method (problem solving method; Decompose "what to do" side by side; Horizontal style)
A composition entitled "My humble opinion on' Busy'";
How to be "busy" effectively?
First of all, busy should have the right direction. ,
Secondly, there must be a scientific method to get busy.
Finally, I am busy "doing something".
5 domain juxtaposition method (both "why" method and "cause analysis method")
Composition on the topic of "Also Talking about Repetition";
Complex but not heavy, so that art is shocked.
Complexity without weight makes science change with each passing day.
Complex but not heavy, make life rich and colorful.
Writing on the topic of "understanding life";
Life is a river of spring water. Go ahead bravely.
Life is a fruit tree with fragrant flowers and fruits.
Life is a music with bass and treble.
6 from small to large (with "why"; Vertical structure)
Writing on the topic of "Interpreting what is being done and what is not being done";
Adhere to the principle of "doing something and not doing something",
This is the smooth road to the glory of life.
Adhere to the principle of "doing something and not doing something",
It is the key for an enterprise to be invincible.
Adhere to the principle of "doing something and not doing something",
It is the guarantee of national scientific development. (sustainable development)
7 ancient and modern future laws (all "why laws"; Vertical structure)
Writing on the topic of "listening";
Listen to the echo of history and never forget the national humiliation.
Listen to the strong voice of the times and keep pace with the times.
Listen to the call of the future and think ahead.
Writing on the topic of "Chinese studies";
Sinology is the cultural treasure of China history (Confucian classics).
Sinology is a humanistic product of modern China.
Sinology is the foundation of China's future power.
Second, the narrative (narrative discussion) structural model
8 sense point derivative method (coordinate decomposition "why"; Horizontal structure)
Write a composition on the topic "I want to hold your hand";
I want to hold your hand, because you brought me into the physical world. (Continue to write stories)
I want to hold your hand, because you taught me to be a real person. (Continue to write stories)
I want to hold your hand, because you have brought me into the "Three Realms". (Continue to write stories)
9-shot method (parallel horizontal structure)
Writing on the topic of "harvest";
Lens 1: In the laboratory (harvesting in sweat)
Lens 2: Suzhou Riverside (Harvest in Practice)
Scene 3: On the podium (the harvest in creation)
Third, the structural mode of lyrics writing
10 integration method (empathy binding method)
Write on the topic "I love green";
Calling for a green heart, she is calm and pure.
Calling for a green mind, she is tenacious and energetic.
Calling for a green heart, she is cold and humble.
(See the monthly exam composition question: Which color touches your heart)
Writing with the theme of "Taste' Growth'";
Growth is a tree, only with deep roots can it flourish.
Growth is a group of Song Ci, and the true meaning is realized only after entering the realm three times.
Growth is an X, and suspense is fascinating.
Composition of Putuo District Senior High School Graduation Examination:
Read the following modern poem and write according to it.
It's time to start.
Let's leave now.
There is no need to regret or say goodbye.
Even if this song fades away.
Our hearts will never stop beating.
(Excerpted from Xin Lei's "We Are Young")
Writing on the topic of "Youth Praise";
Youth has mushroomed and is full of vitality.
Youth is like a torrent, never looking back.
Youth is like the rising sun, emitting incomparable light.
Show the excellent writing outline of students' emotional points in their compositions in the examination room
Title of composition: Youth is about to move forward (Zhang Yiwei)
Youth is about to move forward, because the past time is gone forever.
No need to miss it.
Youth is about to move forward, because the times are developing,
We must keep pace with the times.
Youth is about to move forward, because we have a bright future.
Have a future world.
Title: Young Us (Xu Shili)
Young people should be full of vigor and vitality.
Young people should be aggressive.
Young people should be brave and optimistic.
Composition Title: Grasping Youth (Li Weiqing)
Dare to grasp the youth of life, I walked out of adversity.
Dare to grasp the youth of life, I entered the "three realms".
Dare to grasp the youth of life, let me move from immature to mature.
Title: Eulogize Youth (Gong)
I eulogize youth, because she is the starting point of dreams.
I sing the praises of youth because it was the golden age.
I eulogize youth because she is the spring of life.
(Focus on 3, 5, 8, 10, parallel divergence method)
Attachment 1: exercise questions
Write the first sentence of paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of the main body according to the following propositions, topics and semi-propositions.
1, choose 13 science and liberal arts.
2, the bottom line 14 science and technology and humanities
3. Visual 15 Chinese and foreign languages
My world, me and my parents.
5, the enlightenment of the screen window 17 on "empathy"
6, youth troubles 18 "Don't teach others to swim"
7. The art of living and "You must learn from the axe"
8. Life tells me that 19 walks into-
9. Understand my growth path (Lu Xun, classics, national culture).
10, a letter to myself 20 awe-(nature, law, discipline)
1 1, writing about "homeland" 2 1 if-(severe high school period,
When you are admitted to a university, your memory can be transplanted)
12, composition 22 on the topic of "sunshine" is called-(independent, green,
Poetry, classics, national spirit)
Attachment 2: Search Method for On-site Composition Materials (Jingle)
Science, education, literature, sociologists and schools at all times and in all countries and themselves. (Total)
Curie Newton Hua, a student of mathematics, astronomy, physical chemistry (science)
Jin Liuxiang Jing Purba Rgyal, Rodin A Bing Beethoven. (Body Art)
Confucius, Mencius, Chang Qu Liu Han, Helen Su Xin, Zhou Shuren. (literature)
Appendix III: Introduction of Coach Ding Yinsheng (left)
Ding Yinsheng was born in 1950. The main literary works are: the long historical novel Duan Yucai (the protagonist is the author of Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu, the seventh ancestor of Duan), the 30-episode TV literary script China Ci Xian, the radio drama Youth China and the essay Jiuzhaigou Fu. The vocal works created by lyrics include: Footprints of Flowers and Songs of Maoshan (also known as Chen Yi). The supplementary books are "College Entrance Examination for Film and Television Directors". The article "On Aesthetic Synaesthesia in Chinese Teaching in Middle Schools" won the paper prize in the annual meeting of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai.
Appendix IV: Model essay with 56 points or above
When faith turns to rock
When the bud becomes a flower, it decorates the world with its own beauty; When ice and snow become flowing water, it moistens the earth with its clarity; When faith becomes a rock, in my heart, it has made a colorful life with its firmness. Why is the stone of faith so important?
When faith becomes a rock, personal difficulties are vulnerable and become dust under faith. Any difficulty is not difficult in front of people with firm beliefs. Zola was poor all his life. He insisted on writing with firm belief and made his name in the world. Hawking wrote a brief history of time with his hands by faith; Although Helen Keller is deaf and dumb, she has made great contributions to the cause of the disabled with firm belief and wrote an immortal masterpiece "If you give me three days of light". Many people have achieved success with rock-solid beliefs. Newton, Madame Curie ... Their names shocked the world. It is with a rock-like belief, just like a car full of gasoline, a computer connected to the power supply, constantly moving forward, facing difficulties and overcoming them. Faith in the heart becomes the source of strength, and rock-like faith leads individuals to success.
When faith becomes a rock, the nation's righteousness is extended at this moment, and the banner of freedom is flying in the air. It is a rock-like belief that adds solid wings to freedom. Mahatma Gandhi led the Indian people to contribute to India's independence with firm belief; Washington led the American people to overthrow British colonial rule with faith; China's * * * production party has made the Chinese nation rise again with firm belief. Yes, it is the firm belief that makes this world, which was once full of war and aggression, sing the song of freedom, and makes the nation, which was once humiliated and oppressed, gain equality and independence. It is the rock-like faith that has overwhelmed the root of all evil, and it is the faith that has given those nations a steady stream of motivation to win the beautiful sky in the future.
When faith turns to rock, even if it is a natural disaster, people can overcome it and make the world a better place. Rock-like faith is like a solid barrier to stop natural disasters and transform a beautiful environment. The Three-North Shelterbelt is a desert barrier built by China people with faith. The people of the world have demonstrated their firm belief in overcoming global warming by adopting the Kyoto Protocol. It is people's firm belief that stops the upwelling tide, that firm belief becomes a sharp weapon for human beings to overcome nature, and that rock-like belief makes the future full of hope.
There is nothing to be afraid of in this world. The terrible thing is that there is no firm heart and no firm belief. When faith becomes a rock and there is solid support in the heart, then individuals, nations and the world can benefit from it and succeed under the guidance of faith.
Faith-the rock in my heart!
[Why Buddhism, since childhood]:
individual
nation
nature
key key
The key can open the back door with a small force of the wrist, because it fits the lock perfectly. The greatness of the key is that it is deeply rooted in the form of a lock. Every door has a unique key suitable for it, but isn't it true for individuals, cities and countries?
Where is the key to the door of life? Hamilton gave us the answer. Hamilton, a former Olympic figure skating champion with a height of 159cm, has repeatedly hit a wall in his life because of his short stature and infirmity. Until he discovered skating, he conquered everyone on the rink with perfect jumping skills and finally realized his dream of winning the championship, keys, keys. Without it, Hamilton's life is doomed to wander outside the door of fate, and his weak body will never break through this fate. Fortunately, Hamilton finally found the most suitable road to success and explored the key to success. And people in life, why not stop the useless collisions again and again and look for the key that matches them?
Where is the key to the city gate? Is it the roaring bulldozers and reinforced concrete that keep building? Don't! The key to urbanization should be deeply rooted in the cultural connotation of urban history. Tengwangge, a famous building in the south of the Yangtze River, has been robbed of the limelight by the surrounding high-rise buildings in the current urban agglomeration, and it is very lonely. The smooth slate bridge has been replaced by the rigid cement road in Chengdu with a long history, and the leisure natural and cultural features of the city have become pale and powerless in the face of the economic atmosphere ... These practices are not conducive to casting the key suitable for urban development, but the iron for making the key has been put into the same melting pot in the future and has long since disappeared. Key, key, in England, he is a beautiful English town; In Paris, he is a quiet and elegant street garden; In Switzerland, he is a romantic and leisurely outdoor coffee. But in the city of China, where is he?
What is the key to a country's modernization? Should we study the modern economic system in an all-round way, or should we completely copy the management experience of others? No, the key to national modernization is innovation rooted in national conditions! Britain's political innovation makes it at the forefront of social development; The liberation of French thought made him dominate modern history for hundreds of years. Open the door of modernization, not with old wood, but to grind out a key that belongs to you. Key, key, on the way to find him, we also experienced setbacks and detours, but in the end, we found the one that belongs to us among thousands of people, and along his route, we opened the door to modernization bit by bit.
Keys, keys, private, only belong to themselves, others can not replace them. The key, the key, the key in the city that only belongs to her culture and spirit, and the key with the same texture is just a cover-up to hinder progress! The key, the key, the country belongs to the essence she created with innovation, and has not been copied! Keys, keys, how to find the fit of keys in the form of doors? [62 points]
Adopt the method of "from small to large":
life
city
country
Writing on the topic of "seeking": seeking the great realm (model essay)
1, born in the world, nature endows appearance, and heaven and earth endows spirit. Tracing back to the source and exploring the supreme way of life, we must find the great realm of life.
In the past, Mr. Feng Youlan once said: the realm is human consciousness, and if it is not solved, it will be muddy; When you realize it, it's clear. So where to find the realm? It is illusory and full of the world. What is the great realm? If you find it, you should bow your head and listen to the teachings of the sages.
2. Zhong Ni advocates the social realm of "harmony but difference". Harmony, the world is one; Different people, and different. Zhong Ni has been called a gentleman for many times, and the great realm of a gentleman must be harmony but difference. In a complex society, we should learn to listen to other people's voices, live in harmony with others, learn from their strengths and live happily. But harmony does not converge. We should cultivate our own spirit and integrity in our hearts, not be followers of others, be unique in our hearts and stick to our inner self. Harmonious but different society gave birth to the splendor of Jixia Academy, and the Cultural Revolution of "Great Harmony in the World" actually put an end to the fire of culture. Lady in the world, there should be a great social realm.
What the founder of Huineng advocates is that everything comes from the inner natural realm. "Bodhi has no trees, and the mirror does not stand. There is nothing, where is the dust? " The inner source is the master of all things. Only when you are clean can you not be disturbed by external things, and both benefits and righteousness come from yourself. Only when you don't ask for anything can you feel at ease. It is based on the Zen cloud: "Extraordinary movement is not movement, but movement of the mind." Madam, besides nature, we should also have a natural realm.
4. Zhuang Zhou advocated the life realm of "externalization without internalization". Externalization means that our life can keep pace with the times, whether it is an urn or a happy forever, there is no difference between the two. Internalization means that our life must be kept in our hearts, the road comes from our hearts, and great beauty comes from the beginning. Our life, like a boat moored in the sea, can be windy and windy, and can indulge in anything; And our life is a deep and quiet river and sea, no matter how hard life is, our hearts are proud and motionless. A lady, for the meaning of life, should have a great life realm.
5. Seek Confucianism and gain social realm; Those who seek Zen will get the natural realm; Those who seek Tao have the realm of life. Realm is a vast thing. Only by finding it and hiding it in our hearts can we happily stay in society, indulge in nature and have a leisurely journey of life.
(This article was rated as Grade 1: 68 points)
The above is a semi-propositional composition. Divide the "great realm" you are looking for into "social realm", "natural realm" and "life realm" side by side. Break down "what is it" side by side.
Zhong Ni advocated the social realm of "harmony but difference".
Huineng advocates the natural realm of "everything is born from the heart".
Zhuangzi advocates the life realm of "externalization without internalization".
Writing on the topic of "subtle depth" (propositional composition)
Subtle depth (about "details")
When the plum blossom in winter shows the character of "cold ling blooms alone", when the lotus flower in summer blooms with the charm of "clear water and round willows, and the wind blows with one stroke", when the dust of "buttonwood leaves fall into the deep courtyard to lock autumn" blows away, I see the beauty of life in these subtle depths. Why is the beauty of life in the subtle depths? Because:
In the subtle depths, the beauty of nature can be seen. Will drink with the bright moon, three people to the shadow; Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan; At midnight, frogs croak and the breeze chirps. This kind of natural scenery may be ignored when passing by in a hurry, or covered up by prosperity. In the hustle and bustle of the city, these subtle depths of beauty, hidden in the subtle depths of small touches, may be ignored by people busy with work. However, it is in such small details that people who are good at discovering discover beauty, the fallen leaves on the streets in autumn and the new buds on the treetops in spring, which makes me see beauty in the subtle depths.
The beauty of literature can be seen in the subtle depths. I love Mr. Shen Congwen's works, not because the scenes are grand or profound, but because they are so fresh, natural and simple. In those bits and pieces of literature, it seems that we can get a glimpse of the beauty of fenghuang town and the simple people living in it. It seems that we can see the white pagoda collapsed on the mountain in Border Town, listen to Cui Cui's innocent laughter and experience such innocent love. It is in this subtle depth that I appreciate Mr. Wang's words, Mr. Wang's world and let me see the beauty of literature.
The beauty of human nature can be seen in the subtle depths. The beauty of human nature is reflected in subtleties, not in quarrels and boasting. Just like Chaplin in his later years, it gave me a peaceful and real touch. He is tired of the noisy life in America. In his later years, he quietly shared his interests in a small town called Weiwei in Switzerland, where he ended his life. His old age was quiet and peaceful. Just like the statue standing by the lake for him, there was no exaggerated smile on his face, but he just stared at Shan Lan in the distance peacefully and comfortably. Such a comfortable expression deeply touched me. From that gaze, I saw the true nature of human nature and the beauty of being free and easy, true, natural and peaceful without pursuing fame and fortune. In such a subtle depth, it reflects the simplicity, expresses tranquility and ambition, and makes me see the beauty of human nature.
In the subtle depths, we see the beauty of nature, literature, humanity and life. The beauty of life is reflected in the touch of bits and pieces, in the sincerity and simplicity in the subtle depths, and in the return of human nature to the truth and the elimination of the false and the preservation of the true. In the subtle depths, let me see the colorful life and let me see the beauty of life. (62 points)
The above is a good composition for the 2008 Shanghai Spring Examination. Candidates answer the question "Why is the beauty of life in the subtleties" and divide the "beauty in the subtleties" into "three beauties" side by side. Use "parallel decomposition method" and "why" method. Its horizontal parallel decomposition structure layout is as follows:
In the subtle depths, the beauty of nature can be seen.
The beauty of literature can be seen in the subtle depths.
The beauty of human nature can be seen in the subtle depths.
[continued]
Jiuzhaigou, a fairy tale world all the way; In the colorful pool, the double-eyed Yaochi is a person.
The lake in Jiuzhaigou is blue, sparkling and rippling. There are trees in the sea, inlaid with mirrors; Marsh lakes and bonsai clusters were discovered. On the reed beach, pale mandarin ducks; There seems to be a "national treasure" to drink on the shore of the panda. Jiuzhaigou water is clear and the color changes from shallow to deep; A thousand-year-old tree is heavy and lying in deep water. Calcified into an elf, like a white scorpion diving into the deep sea. The trees on the other side are covered with moss; When does it shine, sometimes kingfishers live. Singing in a low voice, as if to keep a low profile. Long sea blue, lying in the arms of mountains; Jinghu Lake is full of clouds. Lake in the ditch, size110; The water in the village is two or three kilometers above sea level. The former sages tasted the cloud: Huangshan returns without looking at the mountains, and it will always be amber. Today, I foolishly thought: five flowers belong to the sea, so I won't look at the sea, and Jiuzhaigou will go home without looking at the water. The lake is blue and unfathomable; Brocade scales are naturally empty.
The waterfalls in Jiuzhaigou are like white flowers hanging on the cliff; Roaring between heaven and earth like a thunderbolt. Waterfalls, avalanches, a diarrhea in Wan Ren, magnificent; Vast water, falling from the sky, tearing the cliff, unstoppable. No wonder, in the ending scene of TV series The Journey to the West, four Tang apprentices waded in Nuorilang Waterfall to welcome the sunrise and send the sunset red, and dared to ask where the road was! Zhuang zai, the vast pearl beach; Awesome, the waterfall is Nojirang!
The trees in Jiuzhaigou are old and vigorous, tall and straight. The virgin forest is as vast and lush as the boundless sea; Clusters of ancient trees are as faint as the dark sky, and the sky is covered by the sun. Moss wraps trees, and the old and new layers change; Silk floss and clean forest, long time disorderly return.
The rocks in Jiuzhaigou meander for 3,000 miles. Huanglong winding, ancient and modern momentum; Calcified karst, natural geological park. Jinsha floor, pearl flow; The yellow cymbals are sparkling and bright. Milk stone is long and natural, and it is Huanglong scale; Colorful pools are bright, as if sleeping beautifully. Green, blue and purple with milky white, colorful and unique. Looking from a distance, it is gorgeous; If you look at it, it will burn like a wave. Multicolored rock pools, with a size of more than 3,000 pots, are like blocks of inkstones, like petals of lotus flowers, like terraced fields, like patches of rosy clouds, like triumphant, like fairy flowers scattered.
The soul of Jiuzhaigou is hidden in the Tibetan Qiang in northern Sichuan. I asked Huang Longyan: The world natural heritage should be rewarded by the world, but why did Hu Weiwei hide? Rock God responded: Jasper controls water and turns things into Huanglong; Dormant Songpan, mercilessly revealing sorrow and joy. I asked the water of Jiuzhai: Your beauty is amazing all over the world, and fleas are everywhere. Loneliness is seeking? Xi is hiding his face from the contempt of Gansu and Sichuan? Hu Weiwei drooped his eyebrows at the foot of Minshan Mountain? Narcissus echo: I don't understand slavery, I was born without makeup; I didn't know Yan Yan, Hu Weimei and I spilled over the ocean? Nine villages in the world, lonely for thousands of years; Seeing you today makes me feel ashamed; Don't worry, don't forget; Hidden things are good for the body, and obvious things are good for singing together; Born after China's entry into WTO, never hesitate to think; If you use it, you will do it, and slaves will hide it; Clear water lingers, meandering into a river and sinking into the Yangtze River.
[This lyric article uses lens method: lakes, waterfalls, trees and rocks] Born in sorrow, died in happiness.
There is such an interesting and thought-provoking experiment. When a frog is suddenly thrown into the boiling oil pan, the frog can unexpectedly jump out and escape from the trap. Then, he put the same frog into a gradually heated pitcher. This time, he felt too comfortable and realized that danger was coming, but he was very weak and finally died at the bottom of the pot. It can be seen from this experiment that frogs are very sensitive to the immediate danger and slow to respond to the danger that has not yet arrived. From this, I thought of people. In fact, people are also like this in this respect. As Mencius said, "Born in sorrow, died in happiness."
In the journey of life, adversity reminds people and inspires them to forge ahead, while comfortable and superior environment kills people's will, makes people indulge in happiness and enjoy ease, and often achieves nothing. Some people even indulge in debauchery and self-destruction when they are at ease. This is similar to the frog jumping up in the face of disaster and lying in warm water waiting for death.
"Born in sorrow" is an eternal famous saying, and the story of Gou Jian, the king of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period is the best registration. At that time, Gou Jian succumbed to peace, served Wu servingly and tasted courage. After "ten years of reunion and ten years of training", he finally turned from weak to strong, rose up and destroyed the State of Wu, becoming the overlord of a generation. How can Gou Jian restore the country? This is the result of the humiliation of national subjugation, which makes him angry and urges him to rise. This shows that people often show extraordinary perseverance, exert their unexpected potential, fight to the death and open up a chance to live in no way back.
However, people often don't grasp it well and "die comfortably" by letting go of an open hand and being comfortable. An example of this is the broken king. /kloc-in the spring of 0/644, King Chuang broke into Beijing, thinking that the world was settled and you were finished. The peasant-born new bureaucrat lost all-powerful spirit in the uprising, and just wanted to enjoy the Chinese New Year every day in Beijing. Li Zicheng wanted to be the emperor as soon as possible, Niu Jinxing wanted to be the Taiping Prime Minister, and the generals wanted to build a government. When the Qing soldiers entered the pass, the Ming army made a comeback and the rebels were defeated. This reminds me of an old saying of Ouyang Xiu, "Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, and leisure can die". People can keep their eyes open when they are in danger, so they can save the day; However, in the enjoyment of ease, the will fades and the spirit disappears, resulting in complete failure.