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Why should we assume that the force transmission angle of the foundation in the foundation is 45 degrees?
Structural designer

What you said has some truth.

However, it is obviously impossible for norms to do academic research in the nature of papers. That's just an application manual.

If we want to discuss this problem in depth. I suggest you complete the following preparations:

1 Bearing capacity of soil, consolidation principle of soil, compression principle of soil, failure and yield principle of soil.

For example:

1. Influence of confined and unconfined soil compression on different soils; The final settlement calculation method adopted in Code for Design of Building Foundation is a layered summation method. What's the difference between it and other hierarchical summation methods?

2. What are the assumptions and differences of integration models such as Karl Terzaghi, Karl Terzaghi-rendulic and Biot?

3. The yield failure instability form of soil, the relationship between principal stress and secondary stress, whether shielding is considered in shear friction, the stress path of soil, and several failure modes.

in addition

The assumptions about foundation in the code are all based on uniform soil and various cracked site environments, which require the experience of engineers and foundation treatment experts. This experience is often difficult to sum up and write in books. The development of cracks has great influence on the bearing capacity and stability of soil.

I suggest you look at some engineering treatment cases about karst topography, loess topography and silt geology. Much better than reading those theoretical things. However, rock foundations are usually easier to handle.