Query on Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factors Scale

Measurement of Ability, Personality and Mental Health

Chen, Institute of Education Science, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province

I. Capacity measurement

Ability measurement refers to the ability test scale compiled according to a certain ability structure theory, which measures a student's actual ability and possible potential ability and evaluates it with quantitative methods. Ability measurement generally includes intelligence test, aptitude test, special ability test and creativity test. The purpose of intelligence test is to measure the intelligence level and distinguish the development level of intelligence; The purpose of aptitude test is to discover a person's potential talents and predict the degree of success that an individual may achieve in his future study or work. The purpose of special ability test is to understand the current level of an individual in a certain professional field and predict the possibility of his future success in this professional field. The purpose of creativity test is to evaluate the level and development level of individual creativity.

(1) intelligence test

Intelligence test is a method to measure people's intelligence level. The tool to measure intelligence is called intelligence scale. Because a person's intelligence is usually expressed by IQ, intelligence test is also called IQ test. The theoretical study of intelligence provides a theoretical basis for various types of intelligence tests. For example, the theory of intelligence factors provides a basis for the conceptual validity of various intelligence tests, and the theory of intelligence stability provides a basis for the predictive validity of intelligence tests. From the perspective of school education, intelligence test has two main functions: one is to identify students' intelligence differences for reference in education and teaching, so as to teach students in accordance with their aptitude; The second is to predict the future development of students and provide basis for school education.

Brief introduction of general intelligence scale

The first intelligence scale in the world was compiled by Binet.Alfred. French psychologist Alfred and his colleague T. Simon are in 1905. It's called Binet.Alfred. Alfred-Simon Scale was compiled at the request of French Ministry of Education to distinguish normal children from mentally retarded children. Since then, there have been more than 200 intelligence scales and similar intelligence scales, among which Stanford-Binet.Alfred. Alfred scale and Wexler intelligence scale are the most influential and authoritative. China has also revised the Binet.Alfred Scale and Wexler Scale one after another, so as to expand its application scope to the whole country. This paper introduces several commonly used intelligence scales.

(1) Stanford Binet.Alfred. Alfred scale

Binet.Alfred. After Alfred-Simon Scale was introduced into the United States, it was first revised by Professor L.M.Terman of Stanford University in the United States in 19 16, and it was called Stanford-Binet.Alfred Scale. Alfred Caird. After two revisions of 1937 and 1960, 1972 published a new norm, and 1985 was further revised, adding more representative subjects and test questions, making it an influential intelligence test today and a test standard for many intelligence tests. The outstanding contribution of the scale lies in measuring individual intelligence level with ratio IQ and deviation IQ.

There are 90 items in the 19 16 scale, of which 54 items are original and 36 items are new, which can be used to test 12 age group (3 years to 14 years old), ordinary adult group and excellent adult group. Among them, there are 8 test items in 12 age group and 6 test items in other age groups. One of the biggest advantages of this scale is that IQ is used to represent intelligence level, not intelligence age. The revised version 1937 consists of two equivalent scales L and M with the same difficulty, reliability and validity, and each scale has 129 test items that can be used alternately. This scale is suitable for subjects aged 2 to adults, and it was the best intelligence scale at that time. In 1960, Timon combined the L and M scales of 1937 into a single scale (LM), which can be applied to individual tests of 20 age groups from 2 years old to adults. The test content includes definition, Chinese analogy, adaptation, arithmetic, memory, common sense, finding fallacies, incomplete pictures, spatial problems and understanding. One of the benefits of this test is to use biased IQ instead of ratio IQ to measure IQ. The norm published in 1972 is based on the test results of 200,000 children with different geographical environments, different economic levels and different nationalities, so it is highly scientific.

The materials of the scale include a box of standard toys (used to measure young children), two picture cards, a test instruction manual and a response book. Subjects ranged from 2 years old to adults. When implementing the scale, each subject only accepts items suitable for this age group, and not all items are tried. The test tolerance time of young children should not exceed 40 minutes, and that of older children should not exceed 1 half an hour.

(2) Wexler intelligence scale

D wexler, a medical psychologist and director of Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital, USA, has been engaged in the compilation and research of psychological tests for a long time and made outstanding contributions to intelligence tests. He compiled Wexler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wexler Child Intelligence Scale (WISC) for children aged 6- 16 and wexler Infant Intelligence Scale (WPPSI) for children aged 4-6.5. Wechsler's three scales are independent and interrelated, suitable for subjects aged 4 to 74, and are the authoritative intelligence test scales widely used in the world. These three scales were introduced and revised by psychologists in China in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and published in Chinese, establishing the China norm.

Wexler compiled the scale according to the viewpoint that human intelligence is composed of several different abilities. Therefore, Wexler intelligence scale can not only understand the level of individual intelligence development, but also understand the characteristics of various factors that constitute individual intelligence development. Webster's scale includes two subscales, speech subscale and operation subscale. The speech subscale includes six test items: common sense, comprehension, arithmetic, similarity, vocabulary and memorization (also called number width). The operation sub-table includes six sub-tests: mapping, picture arrangement, building block pattern, puzzle, decoding and maze. Wechsler scale can provide total IQ score, verbal IQ score, operational IQ score and ten sub-test scores at the same time, which can better reflect the whole and all aspects of intelligence.

This score table provides us with rich information about the child's intelligence. Not only do we know that the total IQ score of this child is 1 16, but he is above average intelligence and can be described as smart. Generally speaking, his intelligence is higher than that of 84% children of the same age. Moreover, we can know that the child's operational intelligence is much better than his verbal intelligence, and the two are very unbalanced. His verbal intelligence is at the average level of children of the same age, while his operational intelligence is excellent, which is better than 97% of children of the same age. Moreover, we can further analyze and find that four of the five sub-tests tested in operation are 4-7 scales higher than the average of children of the same age (the scale score is 10, which is the average of children of the same age), which is very prominent. However, the "arrangement" of pictures is basically at the average level (1 1). The reason may be that the "arrangement" of 1 requires children to arrange several disordered pictures into a specious story in the correct order, which mainly involves not the operational ability, but the ability to understand life common sense, social knowledge and story plot. The child's ability in this respect is not strong, which is consistent with his average score in the two sub-tests of "common sense" and "understanding", and so on. Through a comprehensive understanding of different aspects of children's intelligence, we can suggest that parents or teachers should pay attention to their children's specialties in operational ability in future education and training, and make up for their relative deficiencies in language, especially in common sense of social life and understanding of social problems, thus contributing to the all-round development of children's intelligence.

The IQ values of Wechsler scale are all deviation IQs with 100 as the average and 15 as the standard deviation. Webster's test needs a separate test, and the test time limit is 1-2 hours. Because the test content is rich, the results are fine, and the implementation of the test is particularly complicated, the main test must undergo professional training.

(3) Binet.Alfred, China. Alfred test.

The BIE test was introduced to China on 1922, and China psychologist Lu Zhiwei published his revised version in Binet.Alfred, China. Alfred Simon Intelligence Test Nanjing 1924. 1936 He and Wu jointly published the second revised edition. Wu presided over the third revision on 1978, and finished China Binet.Alfred. Alfred test in 1982. Test * * * has 5 1 questions, which are arranged from easy to difficult. Each question represents the intellectual age of four months, and there are three questions every year, which can test subjects aged 2- 18. Evaluate IQ with biased IQ. Binet.Alfred, China. Alfred test must be tested separately, and the main test must be specially trained, familiar with the scale and have some experience, and can be tested in strict accordance with the instructions in the test manual. In order to save examination time, Wu compiled A Compendium of China and Binet.Alfred. Alfred Test is based on China Binet.Alfred. Alfred test, including 8 items, can be completed in 20 minutes.

(4) Raven test

Raven test is a non-verbal intelligence test compiled by British psychologist J.C. Raven in 1938. The original name of the test is "Progressive Matrix Diagram". The whole test 1 * * consists of 60 patterns, which are divided into five groups: A, B, C, D and E in the order of increasing difficulty. Subjects are required to reason about the graphic relations in the scale, and their abstract reasoning abilities such as graphic comparison, combination, sequence relationship and exchange can be measured. Raven test is suitable for people with normal mental development over 5 and a half years old. Since then, psychologists have compiled Raven's Color Reasoning Test, which is suitable for children aged 5- 1 1 and adults with mental disorders. There is also Raven's advanced reasoning ability test, which is suitable for people with average intelligence or above. In this way, the original raven test has now been called raven's standard reasoning ability test to show the difference.

Since 1985, Chinese psychologists have done a lot of research work on the revision of raven's test, such as Zhang Houji's revision of raven's standard reasoning test and Li Dan's revision and publication of raven's test-combination (CRT).

The advantage of Raven test is that the test object is not limited by culture, race and language, and its application range is wide. The test can be carried out independently or in groups, which is convenient to use and saves time and labor. It is suitable for cross-cultural research and comparative study of normal people, deaf-mute people and mentally retarded people, and can also be used as an ideal tool for large-scale screening or preliminary intelligence grading.

(5) group intelligence screening test for primary and secondary school students.

The group intelligence screening test for primary and middle school students was revised by East China Normal University in Li Dan today, which is suitable for school-age children aged 9 ~ 17. The test consists of 60 items, all in the form of multiple-choice questions, generally one of five questions. The types of questions are roughly three forms: seeking difference, analogy judgment and reasoning calculation. The test has good reliability, validity and discrimination, and the deviation IQ is calculated according to the standard deviation of each age group. This test has the characteristics of stimulating subjects' interest, saving time and being quick. We can get a general understanding of children's intelligence level and provide some information for teachers to carry out educational experiments.

2. Interpretation of intelligence test results

1908 Bi-Yi -Xi scale uses the concept of intelligence age (IA) for the first time, divides the test items into corresponding age groups according to the degree of difficulty, compiles an age scale, and uses intelligence age to express intelligence level. The so-called intellectual age refers to the age reached on the scale of intellectual age, also known as mental age (MA). For example, if a child whose actual age is 7 years old can pass the scale of 7 years old, then his intellectual age is also 7 years old, that is to say, he has reached the intellectual level of 7 years old; If he can pass the 8-year-old scale, then his intellectual age is 8 years old, which means that he has reached the 8-year-old intellectual level. However, in the actual test, the subjects often fail in a topic at a lower age level and pass in a topic at a higher age level. Therefore, to find the intellectual age, we must first determine the basic age. Generally, the highest age to answer all questions correctly is regarded as the basic age, and the sum of the basic age and the age represented by the senior group to complete the questions is the intellectual age of the subjects. For example, in Wu's Revised Binet.Alfred. Alfred scale, there are six test questions in each age group, and each question is answered correctly for two months. The intellectual age of a subject = 5 years +4×2 months +3×2 months +2×2 months = 5 years+18 months = 6 years and 6 months. The intellectual age thus obtained only indicates the level of individual intellectual development at that time, and cannot be used as a standard to directly indicate the quality of individual intellectual development.

W. Stern, a German psychologist, first put forward a method to express the ratio or quotient of intelligence level. He believes that the intelligence age used in the Bi-Yi -Xi scale can only represent the absolute intelligence level, but not the comparative or relative intelligence level. For example, a 6-year-old child is 8 years old, 10-year-old child 12 years old. Both of them are two years earlier, as if their intelligence level is equal, but because of their different ages, their meanings are different. This difference cannot be expressed by intellectual age. Therefore, Stern put forward the intentional IQ to measure the intelligence level, and its formula is: mental quotient = intellectual age/actual age. According to this formula, the intelligence quotient of 6-year-old children is 8/6 = 1.33, while that of 10-0/.2. This shows the difference in intelligence between the two children.

19 16 years, Timon used IQ to express intelligence level for the first time in his revised Si-Bi scale. He believes that the mental quotient is often a decimal, which is very complicated and difficult to understand, so he advocates multiplying the mental quotient by 100, which is called IQ, or IQ for short. The formula is: IQ =

Wisdom age/maturity age × 100. According to this formula, the IQ of these two children are 133 and 120 respectively. When calculating IQ in Si-Bi scale, there are some special rules about actual age. The scale of 19 16 stipulates that anyone under 16 shall be classified according to their age; Anyone over 16 years old should be divided by 16. According to the revised Scobie scale 1937, those below 13 are divided by actual age, those above 16 are divided by 15, and those between 13 and 16 are divided by 13. For example, a child aged 15 is divided by 13 and 16 months (13+24×2/3). This rule is based on the theory that intellectual development slows down with age.

Although specific IQ can describe a person's intelligence level, and it can also distinguish two people's intelligence levels according to their IQ values, there are two main obstacles in the theory and application of traditional specific IQ: First, the speed of intelligence development is first fast and then slow, which is not linear with the growth of age, and when the intelligence development reaches its peak is still controversial, so there is no uniform standard for calculating the divisor age of adult IQ, and the IQ obtained by different divisors is different. Second, IQ distribution has different standard deviations in different age groups, so the same IQ has different meanings for different age groups. In other words, the IQ value of IQ does not indicate whether a person's intelligence level in the group is high or low. For example, if a person's IQ is 100 and the IQ distribution of the group is 70- 100, then this person has the highest intelligence level in the group; If the IQ distribution of a group is 100- 140, then this person has the lowest intelligence level in the group. And with the increase of age, the standard deviation of intelligence distribution will become larger. Even if their IQ values are the same, their status in the group or their relative intelligence level will be different as long as they are different in age. Therefore, it is suggested that standard score and IQD be used to represent the relative level of intelligence.

The so-called stray IQ refers to the standard score obtained by comparing a person's intelligence test score with the average score of the same age group, which is the relative number of individual scores deviating from the group average in the standard deviation. This IQ is calculated according to deviation, so it is called deviation IQ. The calculation formula is: deviation IQ (IQD) = k× (x-x)/s+ 100. In the formula, X is someone's actual intelligence test score, Wang is the average score of someone's age group, S is the standard deviation of the score of that age group, 100 is the average of the specified normalized standard score, and K is its standard deviation (Wechsler scale K = 15, Spitz scale K = 16).

aptitude test

Ability tendency refers to the potential ability tendency that is born or inherited and does not directly depend on special teaching or training. It reflects an individual's ability to benefit from future training. Aptitude test is mainly used to measure the potential achievements of subjects or predict the future performance level, that is, to predict the degree of success that individuals may achieve in their future study or work. For example, if someone's test results show that he has obvious advantages in logical reasoning ability, then we can predict that this person may get better grades in the study of science courses in the future, which can help him make a correct decision on his future major or career choice. Aptitude test can be used for academic and career counseling, career placement, etc. The score of this test can help decision-makers and subjects choose suitable training programs or occupations themselves.

Traditional intelligence tests can't explain individual ability differences more accurately. Because in the implementation and interpretation of traditional intelligence tests, people find that even if some people get the same IQ score, their performance on different topic types is inconsistent. Maybe A is better at Chinese reasoning, B is better at spatial operation, C is better at graphic cognition, and so on. With the gradual refinement of social division of labor, the development of professional and vocational counseling in schools and the gradual popularization of scientific management of personnel work, higher requirements are put forward for the accuracy of ability testing. If people want to achieve the best match between personnel and school majors or jobs, they must be clear about the main ability factors needed by each major or job, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each person in these ability factors. Because of this, aptitude test came into being. 194 1 year, Thurstone compiled the first aptitude test. Since then, aptitude test has developed rapidly and become an effective auxiliary tool for school education and personnel work. Aptitude test includes general aptitude test and special aptitude tests.

1. Introduction to General Aptitude Test

Universal orientation test is to measure a person's potential in many aspects. It emphasizes the measurement of different abilities, and the result of the measurement is not a single IQ score, but a group of different ability tendency scores, thus providing an outline of abilities representing individual unique strengths and weaknesses. The results of general aptitude test are usually the most effective information in career counseling, classification and placement decision. The following are some commonly used comprehensive aptitude tests.

(1) General aptitude test (GATB)

The General Aptitude Test was issued by the Employment Insurance Bureau of the US Department of Labor in 1950s and revised in 1970s. This is the most effective test in career counseling and placement. GATB is compiled on the basis of factor analysis after dozens of tests by many professional groups, and it has been adopted by employment offices in various States in the United States and referenced by other countries when formulating aptitude tests. This set of tests includes 12 subtests, such as name comparison, arithmetic, three-dimensional space, vocabulary, tool matching, arithmetic reasoning, shape matching, marking, placement, rotation, assembly and disassembly. The first eight subtests are written tests, and the last three subtests are instrument tests. * * * Measure 9 abilities, such as general intelligence, speech ability, number ability, spatial ability, shape perception, writing perception, action coordination, dexterity of hands and flexibility of fingers. GATB is suitable for middle school students and adults in Grade Three or above. It is a group test, and the test time is120-130 minutes. Mainly used for career guidance and employment counseling.

(2)BEC professional aptitude test

Psychologists in China have established the relationship between sexual orientation and various occupations through experimental research and investigation, so that their potential in various occupations can be evaluated according to their scores on various subtests of vocational ability test. Therefore, there are many kinds of occupational aptitude tests in China, one of which is the general occupational aptitude test, which is used for career orientation and usually includes a set of subtests involving various professional activities. BEC vocational aptitude test (Type I) was developed by Beijing Talent Assessment Center (BEC) on 1988 with reference to CAPS compiled by American Education and Industrial Testing Service Center, and it is the earliest complete set of vocational aptitude test in China. The test includes eight sub-tests: mechanical reasoning, spatial relationship, linguistic reasoning, mathematical ability, language application, word knowledge, perception speed and accuracy, finger speed and flexibility.

2. Commonly used special aptitude test introduction

The so-called special ability refers to the ability to engage in certain professional activities, such as sports ability, mechanical ability, music and art ability, flying ability and so on. Special ability test is the measurement of these abilities, and it can also be said that it is a test to determine special factors of intelligence. It has the function of diagnosis and prediction, that is, it can judge what kind of ability a person has and the possibility of his adaptation and success in activities. At present, the commonly used special ability test generally measures various factors contained in a special ability, and its content is consistent with the focus of the corresponding professional or vocational training. The purpose of measurement is not only to understand a person's current level in this professional field, but also to predict his future success in this professional field. In the field of education, special ability test can be used as the basis for formulating and implementing relevant education plans, and P can measure students' development potential, thus understanding students' situation and better implementing the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude; It can provide services for the continuing education and employment consultation of middle school graduates and the enrollment of professional schools. Here are some commonly used special ability tests.

(1) Music Ability Test

Generally speaking, musical ability includes four aspects: the basic feeling of music, the ability to understand the relationship between music, the ability to appreciate music and the ability to play or exercise music. Most music proficiency tests are based on this. The commonly used scale is Sishore musical talent test. The West Coast Musical Talent Test measures and distinguishes children with musical talent from five aspects and 25 special abilities. These five aspects are the feeling and perception of music, the movement of music, the memory and imagination of music, the intelligence of music and the emotion of music. The items tested are recorded on the record, and each ability is measured by a set of difficult questions from the simple to the deep, so as to distinguish the musical ability of the subjects more accurately.

(2) Writing aptitude test.

This special ability test focuses on perceptual speed. For example, the Minnesota document test consists of two parts: number comparison and name comparison. Digital comparison is to present 200 pairs of numbers to the subjects, each number includes 3- 12 different numbers, and ask the subjects to find two numbers with the same number as soon as possible and mark them; Name comparison is to change numbers into names. Generally speaking, the writing aptitude test requires high concentration, keen observation and fast review.

(3) creativity test

Creativity is the comprehensive embodiment of intelligence, guided by creative thinking and imagination, and restricted by intelligence level, so we discuss creativity test as a kind of ability measurement. The purpose of creativity test is to evaluate the level of individual creativity, which is of positive significance to the cultivation of teenagers' creativity and the development and prediction of their potential. Because the definition of creativity, especially its operational definition, has always been a controversial topic in the field of psychological research, many psychologists have designed corresponding creativity tests according to their own definitions and theoretical ideas. Generally speaking, everyone basically agrees that the quality characteristics of divergent thinking, such as novelty, uniqueness, fluency and flexibility, are the basis of creative activities. Therefore, most creativity tests focus on measuring divergent thinking ability. For example, the torrance Creative Thinking Test, the University of Chicago Creative Thinking Test, which are commonly used at present, are all designed around the fluency, flexibility and uniqueness of measuring thinking, although the number and specific content of questions are different. This paper introduces the commonly used torrance creative thinking test.

Torrance's creative thinking test was compiled by torrance, an educational psychologist at the University of Minnesota. It is the most influential and widely used creative test at present, which is suitable for kindergarten to graduate school. Torrance's creative thinking test consists of three sets: graphic creative thinking test, Chinese creative thinking test and phonetic creative thinking test. There are two copies of each set to meet the needs of the initial and second examination of creativity. The whole test consists of 12 subtests. The graphic creative thinking test (type A) includes three subtests: constructing graphics and completing graphics and lines. The test is graded according to fluency, flexibility, uniqueness and exquisiteness. "China People's Creative Thinking Test (Type B)" includes seven sub-tests, such as asking questions, guessing reasons, guessing results, product improvement, unusual use, unusual questions and hypothesis. The test scores from three aspects: fluency, flexibility and uniqueness. The creative thinking test of sound and words includes two sub-tests: acoustic imagination and onomatopoeia imagination, and only the uniqueness score is recorded in the test. Torrance's creative thinking test is based on schools. In order to eliminate the nervousness of the subjects, he called the test "activity" and organized it in the form of games to make the test process relaxed and happy.

Second, personality measurement.

Personality measurement is a psychological measurement used to determine a person's personality characteristics or personality types. The first person who advocated the scientific method to measure personality was Gao Erdun in England. Personality measurement has the function of description and recognition, which is convenient for teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and career guidance.

(A) the method of personality measurement

Different personality theories lead to different personality measurement methods, including self-rating scale, projection test, rating scale and situational test.

1. self-reported scale method

Self-rating scale, also known as self-reporting questionnaire, is the most commonly used method to measure personality. The method of self-rating scale is to compile many test questions for the personality characteristics to be measured, so that the subjects can answer them and judge this characteristic from the answers. It can not only measure explicit behavior, but also measure self's feelings about the environment. The basic assumption is that only the subjects know themselves best.

Because it is difficult for self-assessment to control related variables and score objectively, the self-assessment scale method mostly adopts the form of objective test. In addition, the bias or habits of the subjects will affect the authenticity of the results, so a validity scale should be added to the scale to check the validity of the answers of the subjects.

2. Projection test method

Projection testing is an unorganized and random testing method. It is to provide some ambiguous stimulus situations for the subjects, so that the subjects can freely respond to all kinds of ambiguous stimuli without restriction and control, thus unconsciously revealing their personality traits. The basic assumption is that people's response to external stimuli is predictable and has its own reasons, not accidental. According to the response style of the subjects, projection tests can be divided into the following five categories: association method, construction method, completion method, selection method and disclosure method.

3. Evaluation scale method

The so-called evaluation means that the evaluator determines a score for a certain behavior or trait of the evaluated person through observation. The procedure of expressing evaluation results is called evaluation scale. The rating scale generally includes a group of words or sentences used to describe individual characteristics, which requires the evaluator to evaluate and judge the behavior and characteristics of the assessed on a multi-category continuum. Evaluation scale method is a combination of observation method and test method. Due to different evaluation methods, there are usually different types of evaluation scales, such as digital evaluation scale, chart evaluation scale, standard evaluation scale, mandatory evaluation scale and checklist. Common personality rating scales mainly include Xiao Xiaodie's quality rating scale, Van Lanen's social maturity scale, Canovschi's children's social behavior scale, Gough's adjective checklist and so on.

(2) Determination of temperament type

The determination methods of temperament types mainly include observation, conditioned reflex, method of psychological experiment and psychological scale. Among them, the self-rating scale method is a relatively simple method to determine the type of temperament, mainly by the Polish psychologist Jane? Streyrau's temperament questionnaire (STI), Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) compiled by British psychologists, thurston temperament scale compiled by American psychologist, and temperament type questionnaire compiled by Zhang Tuoji and Huichang Chen of Shaanxi Institute of Education in China.

Temperament type questionnaire ***60 items, each basic temperament type 15 questions, randomly arranged. Using the self-report method, the subjects were asked to answer questions according to the requirements of the guidance.

Temperament type questionnaire

There are 60 questions in this test. As long as you can answer truthfully according to your actual behavior, you can help you determine your temperament type, but you must do the following:

When answering, please don't guess the content requirements of the topic, that is, don't think about what you should do, just answer what you usually do, because the topic itself is not right or wrong.

Answer quickly and don't spend too much time on a topic.

(3) Every question must be answered, and you can't have time to ask.

④

When answering the following questions, score 2 points for those who think they are very suitable for their own situation, 1 point for those who are more suitable for their own situation, and 0 point for those who are between conformity and non-conformity. If it is not suitable for your own situation, score-1; If it doesn't suit your situation at all, score -2.

1. Try to be safe and don't do anything uncertain.

2. When you encounter something irritating, you will fly into a rage and want to say anything.

I would rather work alone than be with many people.

You can adapt to the new environment quickly.

5. I don't like those strong stimuli, such as screaming, noise, dangerous shots, etc.

6. When arguing with others, always take the initiative and like to provoke.

7. like a quiet environment.

8. Be good at interacting with people.

9. envy those who are good at restraining their feelings.

10. Life is regular and rarely violates the work and rest system.

1 1. In most cases, the mood is optimistic.

12. You will feel very constrained when you meet strangers.