Abstract: Education without criticism and punishment is incomplete education. Criticism can make children fully aware of their own shortcomings; Punishment can make children form a sense of responsibility for all their actions. This paper holds that timely, moderate and environmentally appropriate criticism and punishment are necessary for children's growth, which can not only create educational opportunities, cultivate children's ability to resist setbacks, but also help children establish self-confidence, thus ensuring their healthy growth.
Keywords: criticism and punishment; Timely; Moderate; appropriate
The cultivation of children's cognition of right and wrong, psychological quality and behavior habits depends largely on the guidance and encouragement of educators. However, in educational practice, we find that children are not responsible enough to accept criticism, and even some children will have extreme behavior after hearing criticism. Therefore, how to properly criticize and punish children has become a problem worthy of study and discussion.
First, the definition of the appropriateness of criticism and punishment education
(1) Criticism and punishment. Criticism is to point out shortcomings and mistakes; Comment on shortcomings and misunderstandings. The so-called punishment is punishment; Psychologist Lei Deer believes that punishment is a planned intention, which affects people's behavior or development by making them experience unpleasant experiences. Bi Shumin, a famous contemporary female writer, once explained punishment like this: Son, I hit you to make you realize that you must pay for your mistakes. ? Of course, I am firmly opposed to using force to conquer and punish young children, whether at home or in kindergarten.
(B) the appropriateness of the connotation of criticism and punishment education
1. Criticism, punishment, praise and encouragement are all equal and mutually restrictive. Based on deep-rooted love, it is a scientific method to give appropriate praise, encouragement, criticism and punishment clearly from the facts, so that the two can adjust and promote each other.
2. Criticism and punishment should vary from person to person. Children have similar sexual characteristics, but they also have different personality characteristics. When using criticism and punishment, we should not only pay attention to certain sexual characteristics, but also ignore personality characteristics. Because people and things are different, we should make different criticisms and punishments. When using them, we should consider them carefully to achieve our goal? A key to a lock? .
3. Choose a suitable environment for criticism and punishment. If some should be carried out in front of groups, some should be reflected in individual conversations, and some can be infiltrated into games, labor, visits and other activities, so as to consciously inspire and let educators' criticism and punishment be implied, so as to achieve? Get twice the result with half the effort.
Second, timely use criticism and punishment to create educational opportunities.
The so-called timeliness is to seize the ideal educational opportunity, criticize and punish in time, and strive to achieve good results. Did the ancients pay attention to things? Time? We should also seize the opportunity to criticize and punish young children, or you will study again after a long time, but it's hard, hard? Timing is an important condition for the success of critical education.
(1) Be good at discovering and grasping opportunities. For children who are usually hyperactive and naughty, we should find his bright spot in daily behavior, criticize and punish first and then restrain, so that children will accept it gladly.
(2) Be good at creating educational opportunities. Carry out colorful group activities, inspire children to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, intentionally create opportunities for action experience for some children with faster development level, and give appropriate criticism and punishment while providing successful experience to achieve the real purpose of education.
Third, properly use criticism and punishment to cultivate children's ability to resist setbacks.
? There is a limit to everything? . However, in the practice of preschool education, there is a great randomness and lack? Degree? Realize. Some parents and teachers give them to their children if they don't behave well? Storm? Types of criticism and punishment. Such criticism and punishment are counterproductive. So we should strengthen criticism and punish this? Degree? Realize.
(A) everything from the objective reality of children. Criticism and punishment are also well-meaning. Exaggerated criticism and punishment will make children form unrealistic self-awareness and inferiority complex. Once this understanding conflicts with the correct evaluation of others in real life, children's psychology will be out of balance.
(2) Criticism and punishment should be just right. The frequency of criticism and punishment is too low, or the degree is too light, which may not achieve the due effect; But if it is too frequent or too intense, it may also have side effects.
(3) Love-filled criticism and punishment. The language of criticism should be thoughtful, inspiring and inspiring, so that children can understand why they can do this and not do that. Punishment is by no means corporal punishment, but should be aimed at correcting children's bad behavior.
Fourth, criticism and punishment should protect children's self-esteem.
When criticizing and punishing children, we should emphasize that methods should be properly and effectively used in specific situations, and ultimately enhance children's self-confidence.
(a) Protect children's self-esteem when criticizing and punishing. Criticism and punishment are for children's better and healthier development, but if children's self-esteem is not protected in the process of criticism and punishment, then children will become shameless after losing their self-esteem, which is harmful to children. Therefore, we should do the following:
1. Point out the child's wrong behavior positively. Parents should actively point out the wrong behavior of young children.
2. Pay attention to the occasion when criticizing and punishing children. Especially in the absence of a third party, we should make severe criticism.
3. Criticize children according to their merits. Criticizing children should seek truth from facts, not generalize.
Adults should keep a calm and rational attitude when criticizing and punishing children.
Help children understand criticism and punishment. There is a saying in China's educational circles that punishment is not an end, but a means, and the purpose is to educate people.
1. Let children understand the connection between mistakes and consequences. The purpose of doing this is to let the child know clearly what consequences his actions will bring, so as to learn to be responsible for his actions.
2. Teachers should pay attention to the accuracy of language expression and avoid ambiguity. General and vague expressions often lead to inconsistencies in understanding. Because what you are really dissatisfied with is his behavior, not him.
3. Avoid destructive criticism and teach children the right methods. Punishment is only an educational means, not an educational purpose. When punishing young children, we must teach them the right way to do things. It's best to give children some hints, let them think for themselves and make their own judgments.
Smart teachers will avoid destructive criticism and be good at smart punishment, so they must pay attention to art, timeliness and appropriate intensity in punishment, preferably combining rewards and punishments, and point out ways to avoid punishment.
At the same time, kindergarten teachers should strive for the cooperation of parents when criticizing and punishing children. We must try our best to improve the level of parents' tutoring through the usual channels such as family contact. Only by making family education cooperate with each other can we have an ideal educational effect.
References:
[1] Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th Edition). The Commercial Press, 2007.
[2] Bi Shumin. Son, why did I hit you? China Youth Publishing House. 2007。