There are two kinds of prefaces: book prefaces and gift prefaces. The preface of the book is relatively early, mostly describing the author's interest and writing origin, such as Yi Xu and Tai Shi Gong Xu. The preface of the book and the preface of the book are different in nature. It began in the Tang Dynasty. Generally, it is a kind of thoughts and feelings expressed in words between literati. Arguments are often put forward to clarify some viewpoints, which is equivalent to a style of argumentative writing. Most of the contents are words of encouragement, praise and emphasis, such as preface to Meng Dongye by Han Yu and preface to Xue Cunyi by Liu Zongyuan.
Song Lian was an official in Beijing Jiankang (now Nanjing), and Ma Jun, a fellow countryman and a young man from Dongyang County, Zhejiang Province, was also in Beijing and studying in imperial academy. Ma Sheng returned to his hometown to visit relatives. Song Lian wrote this article, and combined with his own practice realized that "Tao is difficult to learn", and set an example to encourage hard study.
2. 39 classical Chinese translations 1. Jubo Xun repelled the enemy with kindness, while Jubo Xun went to visit his sick friend in the distance, just when he met the siege of the conference semifinals.
A friend said to Giant Bo, "I am a dying man. Please go! " Jubo Xun said: "I came all the way to visit you, but you want me to leave;" "This kind of behavior that destroys morality because of fear of death is what I Jubo Xun can do?" When the thieves came, he asked Jubo Xun, "When the army arrived, the whole city fled. Who are you to stay here alone? " Jubo Xun replied, "My friend is ill, and I can't bear to leave him. I would rather trade my body for my friend's life! " After listening to this, the thieves and soldiers said to each other, "We irrational people have invaded this moral country!" " So all the army went out of the city and the city was saved. 2. Cai Hong went to Luo Caihong and came to Luo Yang. The local people in Luoyang said to him, "The official office has just been established, and all officials are recruiting subordinates, seeking talents from humble origins and heroes from Shan Ye hermits.
You are a scholar in the land of Wu Chu and a national subjugator. What special talents do you have to participate in the recruitment? Cai Hong replied: "The night pearl is not necessarily produced in Jinmeng River; You don't have to pick the wall jade from Kunlun Mountain. Dayu was born in Dongyi and Wang Wen was born in Xiqiang.
The birthplace of sages is not necessarily a fixed place. Once upon a time, King Wu crusaded against Zhou Wang and moved the fools of Shang Dynasty to Luoyang. Are you descendants of those people? "3. Shi Chong and Wang Kai compete for luxury goods. Shi Chong and Wang Kai competed for wealth, and both of them decorated their chariots, horses and clothes with the most colorful things.
Emperor Wu of Jin was Wang Kai's nephew and often helped him. He once gave Wang Kai a two-foot coral tree. This coral tree is flourishing, and few other trees in the world can match it.
Wang Kai showed it to Shi Chong. When Shi Chong saw it, he knocked on it with a latte and broke it. Wang Kai felt sorry and thought that Shi Chong was jealous of his treasure. His voice and expression are harsh when he speaks.
Shi Chong said, "It's not worth regretting. I'll pay you now. " So I asked my men to take out all the coral trees at home. There are six or seven trees three or four feet high, and their trunks and branches are incomparable and dazzling. There are more Rainbow Kay.
When Wang Kai saw it, he got lost. 4. Wang Xizhi's wit When Wang Xizhi was ten years old, the general liked him very much.
Often let him sleep in a tent. Wang Dun once got up to pay the bill first, but Wang Xizhi had not got up yet.
After a while, Qian Feng came in to discuss something important, forgot that Wang Xizhi was still under the account, and talked about the plan to betray the imperial court. When Wang Xizhi woke up, he heard what they were talking about. Frightened, he knew he was dead, so he spat on his face and bedding and pretended to be asleep.
Wang Dun and others were just in their plot when they remembered that Wang Xizhi had not got up yet. They were very frightened and afraid that the child would leak out. They all said, "We must get rid of him!" " When I opened the curtain, I saw that Wang Xizhi vomited all over his face, believing that he was really asleep, so he was saved. Praise him for being clever at that time.
5. Ban Chao, a native of Ping Ling, is the son of Ban Biao, the county magistrate of Xu Xian. Ban Chao is ambitious and doesn't care about trifles.
But filial piety and diligence at home often lead a hard life, and labor is not shameful. He is eloquent and has read a lot of historical classics.
In 62 AD (the fifth year of Yongping), my brother Ban Gu was recruited as a school bookboy, and Ban Chao and his mother also took their classmates to Luoyang. Because his family was poor, Ban Chaochang copied books for the government to earn money to support his family.
He copied for a long time and worked hard. On one occasion, he stopped his work, threw a pen and sighed: "If a gentleman has no better ambition, he should make great achievements in a foreign land like Fu Jiezi in Zhao Di's time and Zhang Qian in Liang Wudi's time, so as to get a seal. How can he be busy between pens and inkstones for a long time? " People around him laughed at him. Ban Chao said: "How can a teenager understand the ambition of a strong man!" 6. Lu Ji Huai Ju Lu Ji was a person of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. His father's name is Lu Kang. He was a magistrate of Lujiang and had a good relationship with Yuan Shu.
Lu Ji met Yuan Shu in Jiujiang when he was six years old. Yuan Shu was given oranges. Lu Ji stole three and left Yuan Shu. Oranges fell to the ground.
Yuan Shu said with a smile, "Lu Lang is a guest with oranges. Why? " Lu Ji knelt down and replied, "Oranges are sweet. I want to take them back to my mother! " "Yuan Shu said:" Lu Lang knew filial piety at such a young age, and he will definitely become a great talent when he grows up! "Yuan Shu was surprised and often praised later. Now some people hide fruit in their arms when eating, thinking of children in Doby.
Still hiding in your arms, why not turn love for children into love for parents? The wizard Lu Lang can serve as a model.
7. Wei Law, a shepherd of Su Wu, knew that Su Wu could not intimidate and surrender after all, so he reported Khan. Khan wanted him to surrender more and more, so he locked Su Wu up in a big cellar and didn't give him anything to drink or eat.
When it snowed, Su Wu lay chewing the snow and swallowed it with felt wool to satisfy his hunger. He would not die for several days. Huns thought it was amazing, so they moved Su Wu to a deserted place near Beihai, and let him graze the ram, saying that he would give it back to Han after the ram gave birth to a lamb.
At the same time, his subordinates and his entourage Chang Hui were placed in other places. After Su Wu moved to Beihai, the grain could not be sent out, so he had to dig out the wild fruits stored by the wild rats to eat.
He leans on Jeff in the cold pavilion to graze the sheep, and holds them when he sleeps and gets up, so that the yak tail hair tied to his joints can be taken off. 8. King Xiang of Chu asked Yu Song Yu. King Xiang of Chu asked Song Yu, "Perhaps Mr. Chu behaved badly? Why not all scholars and people praise you so much? " Song Yu replied: "Yes, it is. There is such a situation.
I hope your majesty will forgive my sin and let me finish. ""There is a guest singing in Beijing. At first, he sang "Li Xia" and "Ba people", and thousands of people followed him in the capital. Later, he sang Yang A and Autumn Dew, and hundreds of people in the whole city followed him. When he sang Yangchun and Snow White, only dozens of people in the city sang with him. Finally, he quoted Shang Sheng, portrayed Yu Yin, and used the voice of flowing water. Only a few people in the city followed him.
The more elegant the song is, the fewer people will sing along. 9. Fan Zhongyan is interested in the world. Fan Zhongyan died at the age of two.
Mother is poor and has no one to rely on. She remarried to Zhujiajian Island's home in Changshan.
When he grew up, he knew his life with tears in his eyes.
3. Classical Chinese translation to send the boy singing preface to send the boy singing preface to Ming Gui Youguang original text. Many Vietnamese travel to and from Wuzhong. They make books for a living.
Tong Ziming traveled to Kunshan in different times from his ancestors, which is still rare. A few years ago, the ship was in Loujiang, and the rest was finished.
It is proved by his poems that Yu can become a real person. When I came back this year, my friend Zhou saw Yu, thinking that his ancestors were the same age as him, saying that he was lonely and hated those who had no compassion.
When you sing a poem, it is easy to recite it. But I don't want to talk to Yu. He deliberately asked about his studies, which I especially miss.
Seeing that Yuan people inscribed their own carved book clouds, Yu Gai deeply sighed at his own words since the imperial examination was abolished and ancient books were slightly published and engraved. My husband's career as a scholar is booming in this life, and scholars no longer know that there are books.
Learning without reading is the wrong way, but Confucius hates it. No wonder they don't know how to cultivate themselves internally and get close to others externally, but they compete with Li Rong every day, which has become a trend, and there is often a shortage of materials in the world.
When a son sings in a book, he can recite the calendar. I am a good boy.
Husband's classics are the best things in the world. People live with them every day, and their souls must be able to develop themselves.
"Jade is moist in the mountains, deep pearls are born and the cliffs are not withered." The gathering of books should be like a golden treasure, like a Qingyun wheel. Cover it, and those who are nourished by it will not wither.
Mr. Zhuang Qu tasted the postscript: Guangdong Chen Yuancheng, at least illiterate, thanked him one day, brought four books, worshipped all day, and suddenly he was able to read. Know the god of books.
It's not a book. Although the ancients died, their gods did not exist. Although people are far away from ancient times, their gods still met them.
This book is very valuable. Although, today's scholars believe that soil stalks have ears.
Zi Ming praised ancient books, but it was hardly self-excited. Now I want the meaning of ancient books, and I'm afraid I'll get poorer. I'm going to stay in Xishan at the end of the year. I'll give it back to Qiu, and I'll give him a book.
Many people in wuyue travel to and from Wuzhong to sell books. Once upon a time, Tong traveled to Kunshan with his ancestors, when he was still very young.
A few years ago, (he) went to Loujiang by boat, and I went to visit him. Tong Ziming showed me his poems. He can surpass others.
This year, my friend came to see me this week because he missed the old friendship between his ancestors and (Tong's ancestors) and said that Tong was helpless and only hated (himself) and could not help him. Soon, Tong came to see me with his poems, which were more fresh and meaningful to read.
However, children still yearn for me and (as if) intend to learn from me. I remember this. I once saw people in the Yuan Dynasty write inscriptions on their own books, saying that since the abolition of the imperial examination, ancient books have gradually come out, and I deeply admire what he said.
The industry of promoting scholars in this world is very prosperous, and scholars no longer know that there are books. Reading without reading is Lutz's hobby, but Confucius doesn't like it.
No wonder most people in today's society don't know how to cultivate themselves or how to select talents from outside. They compete for fame and fortune every day, and gradually form popular habits in society, so they often have concerns about the shortage of talents in the world. When a boy is right, he may recite the book.
So, I feel that boys sing differently. The so-called classics are the gods and weird things in the world.
People are with them every day, and people's wisdom must have the opportunity to develop themselves. "Jade is moist in the mountains, deep pearls are born and the cliffs are not withered."
Books should be like the halo of gold and jewels, just like the winding of auspicious clouds. If you protect it, what gets wet by it will (no longer) dry. My uncle Mr. Zhuang Qu (Xiao Wei) once said to me: Chen Yuancheng, a native of Guangdong, never studied when he was young. One day, inspired by himself, he brought four books to worship all day, and suddenly he was able to study.
That's why I know the magic of books. It is not a book that can become a god. Although the ancients died, their spirit remained.
Although modern people are far away from ancient times, our spirit can always meet the spirit of the ancients. This is why books are valuable.
Even so, people who study today only think that books are idols of clay sculpture. The boy sells ancient books, but he can hardly support himself. Now, if he wants to explore the meaning of ancient books, I'm afraid his life will be even more embarrassing.
At the end of the year, (I) will go to Xishan apartment, return to Taimo and write this gift sequence to him. Note 1, the time is different: here is "the past time; Once upon a time. "
(1) at different times. Mozi Shang Jing: "If you are different for a long time, you will be different."
Biography of Zhong Ni's Disciples in Historical Records: "Father Yan Hui, the traveler and his son tasted Confucius." Jin's "Zhi Dun Aromatic Sub-period": "Zhi Dun, Xiang Liya is an old man; The wind is so mysterious when the two sons are different. "
Wang Qi, Master of Peace by Tang Shiguan: "A crimson account is as expensive as the same day, but Chunlan Qiuju is different." (2) the past; the past
History records: "The calculation of cars is different from the money collected by Jia people in different periods." Sima Zhen Suoyin: "When you are different, you are still in the past."
"Biography of Yu Qian's New Tang Dynasty": "There is a lake in the Ministry, which irrigates 3,000 hectares of land in time, and it will be wasted for a long time." The Book Collection and Classic Collection written by Hu Yinglin in the Ming Dynasty: "In the previous generation, I bought a suicide note, but it was salty: there were books missing in Sui Dynasty, books visited in Tang Dynasty and books searched in Song Dynasty.
Different people pay attention to this. Zhang and Confucius ordered books: "Mo Lao, a master of different times, did not aspire to delete the six arts, but Confucius was good at it."
(3) Later; When he ... Biography of Historical Records and Su Qin: "However, there are differences in Su Qin in the world, and those who are different in current affairs are all attached to Su Qin."
Song Lu You's Postscript: "Remember it as a different time to laugh." Essays by Yao Ying and Lv Cishan in Qing Dynasty: "There is no need to integrate and engrave in different times, or even list this book first."
2. Rowing: Stop the boat and dock. 3, people: beyond everyone.
Shang Jun Schwartz: "An ordinary man is not a man, knowing that he is not a man, but he is brave." Liu Yiqing in the Southern Song Dynasty, Shi Shuo Xin Yu Appreciation, said: "As the saying goes,' Yangzhou was a unique person, and later became a guest.
Song Sima Guang's "Epitaph of Jinyun County Magistrate Zhang Jun": "You are eager to learn, at the age of fifteen, Zhijie has become a great man." Yang Mingshen's "Dan Yin General Records Historical Records People are not far away": "How can you surpass others if you eat all day without reading? People, such as Gu Yan: adding heads, etc. Later generations said: be a man. "
4. phase: get along; Communicate with each other: "As the saying goes, an old woman's wife lives with her."
"Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou": "This.
4. Preface of Selected Works of Classical Chinese Translation by Mr. Xia Qing Hey, it can be translated at school! ~ ~ Royal Guards
As a royal guard, Shen Jun Xia Qing wrote a letter attacking the Prime Minister, so the Prime Minister hated him very much. Luo Zhi tried to thank the emperor for his kindness, especially to reduce his guilt and exile him to the frontier fortress. During that period, Shen Jun's reputation for being outspoken spread all over the world. Soon, Shen Jun left home with his wife and children and came to the fortress. It happened that Fu Xuan Town and Datong Town frequently heard the emergency alarm of enemy invasion, but the generals at all levels below Shuaifu were helpless, closed the fortress and let the enemy invade, and even failed to hit the enemy with an arrow. Even when the enemy retreated, he cut off the left ear of the dead people in his own team and the people walking in the country for credit. So fathers cry for their sons, wives cry for their husbands, and brothers cry for their younger brothers everywhere, and the people have no place to complain and appeal. On the one hand, Shen Jun was indignant at the increasingly lax frontier defense, on the other hand, he hated all soldiers for killing people at will, deceiving the imperial court, and repeatedly crying and sighing, so he expressed his melancholy in his poems and became these chapters in Selected Works. Shen Jun was respected by his contemporaries because he dared to speak frankly. His poems and articles satirized current politics and gradually spread, shocking and panicking the whole court. So they began to try their best to spread rumors, plant and frame up, and the catastrophe in Shen Jun happened. After Shen Jun was killed, although North Korean officials dared not rehabilitate him, those who held important positions and framed Shen Jun together were quickly dismissed for their crimes. Soon after, the prime minister who hated Shen Jun was also dismissed. Yu Jun, an old friend of Shen Jun, collected and edited several volumes of his life's works and published them. Shen Jun's son Shen Xiang asked me to write a preface and put it in front of the anthology.
Reaction to a book or an article
After reading the anthology, I wrote: Isn't a person like Shen Jun the kind of person with high moral integrity in ancient times? Confucius deleted the Book of Songs, from the resentment of relatives in Little Brother to the ridicule of people in Xiang Bo, in which the works of loyal ministers, widows, hermits and cynics were all classified as "national style" and "lesser". Are they all in line with the rhythm of ancient poetry? But Confucius did not delete it easily, just because he pitied the experiences of these people and valued their ambitions. He also said, "These poems are all heartfelt feelings and are based on propriety and righteousness." "The speaker is innocent, and the listener should take a warning." I have studied the works since the Spring and Autumn Period in sequence, and Qu Yuan's Li Sao seems to be suspected of venting his anger. Wu Zixu's exhortation seems to be intimidation; Jia Yi's Chen Zheng Poetry seems to be too extreme; Ji Kang's poems seem too angry; Liu Chan's countermeasures seem paranoid. However, it may not be excluded to collect and sort out the Book of Songs with the purpose of Confucius deleting it. Although Mr. Shen has passed away, no scholar-bureaucrat in China mentioned that he didn't cry. Ah! If future generations read articles such as Ming Jian and Bian Bian included in Selected Works, it will make treacherous court officials frightened, let the border guards gallop to kill the enemy and arouse the indignation of the public enemy, that's for sure! In the future, imperial envoys will travel around the world. Will they miss these poems when they see them? I respectfully write it here. As for whether the diction and sentence-making of literary talent are exquisite and conform to the writing purpose of ancient writers, I won't write it unless it is a comment on Shen Junjie. [ 1]
5. Wang Bo translated 25 pieces of classical Chinese (translation) of Preface to Wang Tengting.
Wang Bo was only fourteen years old when he wrote Preface to Wang Tengting. Qi Huangong doesn't believe in his talents. Although present, he asked his son-in-law Meng to write this article, which he had thought of in advance. When (Gong Yan) shuttled back and forth between the guests with a pen and paper, Wang Bo did not refuse to be modest. Gong Yan was very angry. He brushed his clothes (shook his sleeves to show his anger) and got up (left). He sent someone to see how Wang Bo wrote it. The first child reported that "Nanchang is an old county and Hongdu is a new house", and Gong Yan said, "This is also a cliche (just)." The second time, I was told that "the stars are divided into wings and the ground is connected with Lu Heng". Gong Yan hesitated after hearing this sentence. Once again, someone told me that "the sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters and sky are the same color". Gong Yan stood up in panic and said, "This man is really a genius and should be immortal!" (Gong Yan) So he hurriedly invited Wang Bo to the banquet place, and he tried his best to stop it.
6. Seeking literature: Reading the Preface to Liao Anthology in Classical Chinese Ouyang Xiu translated the Preface to Liao Anthology, which began to decline from Confucius to the Warring States Period. After Qin burned books, the Six Classics were lost. Han Xing, covered for a long time, scattered, indelible and lost. Then Confucianism is caught in the middle, such as "River Map" and "Luo Shu", which is particularly strange. It's embarrassing to be repeatedly said. While scholars have been indulging in biography for a long time, the horror of doing the opposite is more than one person's opinion. In order to win everyone's trust, I want to control myself, and the world is disobedient. As I said, since the death of Confucius, between two thousand years, there was an Ouyang Xiu who said. Two thousand years old, I don't know anyone, with Xiu Tong. At the age of 2000, there will be another person. However, if the same person is three, there will be people who don't need chitose. If many people say the same thing, those who drown by them can win away. The book "Fu Liu Jing", which has no end with heaven and earth, will last for thousands of years, in the meantime, for a long time. But the rest is far from the latter, and I don't need to learn from it in this life. Hengshan Liao leans on it. It is believed that there is no such thing as a turtle coming out of the cage in the Sage of Nine Domains. I know I don't want to live to be a thousand years old, but I have people in this world with me. I hope I can stay with you because of my words in the future. If I don't know what I mean, I will cover it up. However, in this world, I don't want to be with you, nor do I want to be with you for thousands of years! Liao Jia, a native of Hengshan, is famous for his poems about empowerment. But he is particularly good at writing and writing. His virtue is famous in the countryside, and all the wise men swam with him for a while. He died young, because he failed to achieve it, so he didn't show it to the world. Alas! People who know what they are waiting for sometimes get it; He who knows his livestock knows it from time to time. If he is ambitious, he doesn't have to ask for it. Yu He didn't ask for it, but they got what they wanted, so they wrote a book. On April 16th, Academician Jia You, the official department of Shangshu, knew the imperial edict, and Ouyang Xiu preface.