1, a good article comes from life, write what you see and hear; Write your own personal experience; Write your true feelings, so that the article will be vivid and touching.

2. Writing is not accomplished overnight. But in the face of today's exam-oriented education, we might as well learn some skills. For example, recite more paragraphs at ordinary times, with a good beginning and a good ending. To prepare for the exam.

3. Read more, study hard and learn from it. Good articles, good words and sentences, learn to accumulate.

4. Create a novel and unique article title. Sometimes you can get twice the result with half the effort.

5. Keeping a diary can not only practice writing, but also accumulate materials.

6. Learn to quote famous sayings. Many Nantong teachers have said that quoting ancestors' poems and songs makes your articles more convincing.

7. Usage of good words and sentences. Good words and sentences used in the article can add color to your article and sublimate it. But it should be just right, not too much, too much will appear flashy.

8. apply what you have learned, that is, the ability to change, and change with the same.

9. Pay more attention to the composition of the college entrance examination for Chinese simulation papers in various places, and be prepared. [2]?

effective constituent

In college entrance examination composition writing, examining the questions or making effective decisions according to the questions is the most important part of writing a good college entrance examination composition. When the examination questions are determined, it is very important to carefully examine the questions with good intentions. Improper examination of the questions will lead to total loss. Students often lament that their compositions are like turbulent waves, fluctuating. A composition with a score of 60 can be as high as 50 or as low as 40. Because of this, they often get lost in the unpredictability of peaks and are afraid of the unexpected arrival of valleys. The reason is not only the objective error of marking, but also our lack of rational grasp of the composition in the examination room, especially the effective meaning. The so-called destiny is to give accurate intentions to writing behavior, which is the starting point, goal and basic bottom line of writing in the examination room. It can be said that how to accurately define and grasp the correct intention of the proposer and the meaning of the topic itself, and how to present it accurately in the article will generally determine the success or failure of the full text.

Appreciation of American literature

We are so close, we are so far away.

Lengxia

Sunshine, like a dream, quietly falls in the depths of my ordinary and trivial life, in this spring afternoon.

I sat on the balcony with a copy of Thoreau's Walden in my hand. For many years, every time I read it, I can smell the green air in that forest, and the water in that lake is cool, moist and fresh. I feel a distant pleasure. I can run freely and breathe freely in a book.

Many things, the past is the past, and it is impossible to reproduce. Only music and literature are suitable for waiting, looking forward and contemplating.

I always thought Thoreau was alive. The place where he lives is far from my residence and close to my feelings. My love for his words, like my yearning for life, will never disappear.

The sun shines through the glass window and makes me feel warm. Hands can't help reaching out and holding something. How important is this? Behind my superficial life, I realize that I have rich feelings, and these feelings have always lived in my heart.

Thoreau's words are clean and quiet snow, which can cool the thirsty soul. You can hear a natural song from the depths of pure life-"There was once a shepherd who lived in this world. His thoughts were as lofty as mountains, and his sheep nourished him all the time."

The time I miss and the old dreams are full of trance-like cherish.

Think of Charlotte Brontexq, alcott and Austin. From the castle to the manor, the wheels of the carriage turn slowly. Those overgrown paths are bathed in comfortable sunshine. In summer, they are full of wild roses. In autumn, they are famous for hawthorn and blackberry. In winter, the most pleasant thing is complete silence and leafless tranquility.

You can walk slowly. You can spend the morning writing a short message and the afternoon looking at the velvet lawn on the pasture and the holly on both sides of the fence. Sitting by the fire with a heavy heart at night, avoiding grandma's inquiring eyes, reading or knitting a sweater. However, I tried to wait for the sudden footsteps of the coachman, and hastily pulled open the ribbon on a cold night to echo the warm and restrained love.

I closed Walden and tried to look into the distance from the balcony. This spring afternoon is no different from the past, and the wide streets are still crowded and busy. Many times I tried to stand on a high place, beyond my limited vision, and try my best to cross the bustling city. * * What is the core of prosperity?

The urgency and anxiety of survival bring a number of hurried and numb faces. I wonder if there is still a little time to recover the precious things that are occasionally lost, and whether there is still a little room to resist or dilute anything in such a face body except the crazy pursuit of fame and fortune.

The world is noisy and changeable. People have extensive interpersonal relationships, but lack deep emotional communication. People look for confidants on the virtual Internet and suffer from love that may not exist at all, no matter what the result is. People's hearts are getting more and more tired, sleepy, cold and flexible.

I have always maintained a peaceful skepticism about the over-enthusiastic friendship in real life and the reliability of passion in the virtual world.

At night, when everything is quiet, I say to myself: Write, no matter what you write. Words are the classical music of the mind and the clear spring on the asphalt road. In order not to lose, wait and miss in your own way. People who like reading can also see a person's thoughts from my words, that's all.

It doesn't matter what you write down or get. What's important is that the silent language brings huge thinking space, like the fresh and jumping wind blowing from Walden Lake, which makes me leave the correct sitting position in front of the computer and fly freely in another world. I saw that man, Thoreau, walking through the lush nature regardless of wind, rain and lightning. He faced the lake and the mountain forest very calmly. Just one person. It's simple.

Fingers touch the familiar keyboard again and again, and my heart is full of fresher and deeper feelings and pains. Suddenly, I remembered a poem by Haizi:

From tomorrow on, I want to be a happy person;

Comb hair, chop wood and travel around the world.

From tomorrow on, I will care about food and vegetables.

Living in a house facing the sea, spring is blooming.

Not everyone is destined to meet each other, and it is not easy to be soul mates. Sometimes when I think about writing, I will write with tears in my eyes.

We are isolated in reality and face each other in spirit. Forever.

The successful trend of self-cognition

The power of time has penetrated the towering stone tablet next to Master Hongyi's bone tower, which is shaded by trees. The four dazzling red characters of "Sorrow and Sorrow" stand still in the bleak pine sound. What does it tell people year after year? I have no ability to reveal any light feather of this mysterious inner track, and maybe neither can you-but I remember that year, the master meditated in the study and a woman came with her friends-this was known before the master debuted, and maybe we haven't met for more than ten years. When all the disciples at Manshanmen were expecting a family performance, Master insisted on ordering her to be driven away. This move once attracted the sigh of the world, and only the master himself.

The realm of life is made up of one's own consciousness, and the flashy world seems to be more and more blurred. Too many outsiders expect, too many people expect, which enriches our life and causes the emptiness of our ideal world. This blank is too wide and too big, like a bird flying over Wang Yang, which makes people hesitate to speak. In the dead of night, imagine clearly what your childhood dreams and dreams are and where they are in your present life.

There is still room for one person, and we can't help but find that the self-consciousness of the ancients is quite clear. Too many scholars and poets seem to care little about other things besides writing and painting. Li He said: "I was born at the age of twenty, and my heart was full of sorrow." Only 20 years old, his brain is broken. At his age, it is the age when others are eager for promotion, and it is the age when others expect to be an official, but he doesn't care about his leisure time. Later generations opened the product of his spiritual world and found it beautiful and magical-such a magical spiritual fruit was not covered.

Following the expectations of others can make you famous and strive for the prosperity of the material world. In fact, this has become a trend. Like the ancients, self-entertainment has long since disappeared in this society where the spiritual world is disappearing. But only when there is no utility, quiet inside, and no obstacles, Sima Qian is completely useless in others' eyes. Socrates drags his fat body around every day, and Beethoven is deaf in others' eyes, but they all exceed others' expectations and become great men. We can't help but reflect on their self-awareness of life. All people with great spirit have a self-awareness heart, and a strong spiritual consciousness can help them get rid of external interference. In their minds, the direction they choose is a shortcut to the spiritual hall. No matter what the world is like, they will never give up the path they have chosen. "No matter how hard it is, it will be good to succeed." They shine in the paradox that others expect.

Some people spend their whole lives looking for a successful life that others expect. Businessmen work hard and politicians do their best. Only those who have the heart will trace back to the source and salvage the fish of success from their spiritual home. In the end, he will pull his successful life longer and longer like a fisherman pulling kelp, and finally pull down the whole sea [3].

Strategy analysis

In the vast history, many sages have lost their faces, but their names have been deposited in the deep river bed. And many immortal feelings have turned into flashing words, and the candle shines on us after a thousand years. It is reading that brings us closer to those authors who have disappeared. In reading, real readers can travel through time and space and talk to authors who have been buried for thousands of years. Therefore, when reading Thoreau's Walden, the author Leng Xia said to Thoreau from the bottom of his heart, "We are so far away", but "We are so close" and "We are isolated in reality and look at each other in the soul. Forever. " This distance is the spiritual connection between the reader and the author, the greatest pleasure of reading, and the central theme of the article. In fact, any text, paragraph or article should express the author's value judgment on an object. This judgment is the intention of the article, which is expressed as a certain emotion or an idea. The former tends to narrate, while the latter tends to explain. Take the classic articles in the textbook as an example:

1, "The collapse of six countries does not destroy soldiers, and war destroys Qin." (Straight to the point) —— On Six Kingdoms

2. "People are the most important man-made things, and they live in a large area. They don't want to be prepared for danger in times of peace, and they don't want to be extravagant and frugal. They also cut off their roots for wood, and they have to flow for a long time. " (Compared with Xing) —— Ten thoughts on admonishing Taizong

3. "I feel very uneasy these days." (Cut to the chase)-Moonlight in the lotus pond

4. "Autumn in the north is especially sunny, quiet and sad." (Briefly describe it, and then draw it out)-Autumn in the old capital.

5. "The beauty of nature is infinite, but the beauty people feel is limited." "Beauty is the income of avoiding meeting, and it is the income of being close. This requires repeated training. " (Excerpted from the text)-Sleepless Flower

The articles listed above have different styles from ancient times to the present, but they all have a common feature, that is, they express a certain judgment, a certain emotion or a certain idea in a concentrated way. It can be said that "judgment" is the essence of the article, and it is also the focus or destination of other words. Without this, the article is bound to be rambling or erratic. So when we write a composition, we must first ensure that we have the will to meet the requirements. If we don't make a good judgment on the will, we can't start writing, or you will "stumble".

In the 2009 college entrance examination composition, the first and second volumes of the whole country, the "New Curriculum Standard Volume" (Hainan and Ningxia volumes) and the Liaoning volume all changed the original "asking to choose an angle to conceive the composition, independently determine the thinking, determine the style and determine the topic" to "asking to choose the right angle, clarify the thinking, select the style and formulate the topic". Although it is only the difference between the words "choose an angle to conceive a composition, determine the intention independently" and "choose a suitable angle, clarify the intention", it obviously strengthens the requirements for the examination of topics and intentions. "Choose the right angle and make clear the intention" implies that candidates should think comprehensively on the basis of reading the materials and grasping the connotation, so as to extract an opinion with * * *, and never make a purposeful choice just by a few sentences in a certain material. For example, the title of the second essay in the national volume: "Dalton buys socks for his mother", which talks about family and filial piety; Seeing the words "Ando went bankrupt", we discussed the hot topic of "unemployment and employment" today; From "Jolly's dirty clothes are a year's compensation" to unfair social treatment, reward and punishment system and other issues. These ideas are irrelevant. In short, we should consider comprehensively and choose the best way of thinking, and we should not make the mistake of generalizing.

Be proficient in two skills

Grasp the "three main"

"Three main" includes the main object, the main relationship and the main intention. Subject and object are the core objects (morphemes) of a material or proposition, and the subject relationship is the mutual relationship between objects, and the idea direction is the main content of the material or proposition and its emotional tendency. How to grasp the "three main" and then form a judgment can be divided into the following two categories:

(1) composition with clear direction-topic composition and proposition composition

The key to this kind of composition lies in grasping the core morphemes in the topic or proposition, and the specific operations are as follows:

1) operation principle: abstract propositions are concretely restored and concrete concepts are abstractly promoted; Start with a big topic from a small place and extend a small topic from a big place.

"Spring" is the key word in the title of Shandong Volume in 2008, and it is a metaphor reduction. Generally speaking, it can be the spring of prosperous motherland, harmonious society, quality education and so on. In short, it can be all kinds of conditions needed for personal growth, such as parents' love, teachers' love, classmates' friendship or family warmth, school care, class unity and so on.

The "Invisible Wings" in the Beijing Volume in 2009 has a figurative meaning, with a wide range of meanings, such as dreams, beliefs, specialties, abilities and so on. Wings help people fly, help people succeed and help people realize their ideals, so positive will qualities such as self-confidence, firmness and optimism can be used as the object of writing.

In 2009, the most flexible word of "tiptoe" in Hubei volume was "tiptoe". Tiptoe is a pull-up action. In short, you can only see far if you stand high, so stand on tiptoe; Generally speaking, only by standing on tiptoe and raising your eyes can you see the "road" ahead clearly.

The title of Shandong Volume in 2009 is "Witness", "See" means to see or experience, and "Prove" means to prove. You can write about real life and trace back to historical figures or events. If writing a narrative, candidates should choose people or things in real life, and the starting point should be small; There must be a detailed description of "seeing" and a thought-provoking "proof". Writing argumentative essays should focus on the overall situation, select people or things with positive significance, and highlight specific feelings and inspirations.

2) Operation direction: that is, in which direction to concretize and abstract, and in which direction to start from a small place or extend to a big place. For example, we can think and explore from the aspects of nature, life, spirit, life, society and history.

3) Operation method: Choose words and make sentences around the core morphemes. That is, taking the core morphemes in words or titles as the central words, combining them into phrases or sentences, the meaning is clear, and the phrases and sentences themselves may constitute the meaning judgment of this paper.

For example, the topic of "Wang" can be directly judged by the method of group sentences. For example, hope is a kind of pursuit, a kind of yearning and the driving force of life; Look, wait and see, calmly wait and see, is the calmness before the big or big, is the wisdom before the big storm; Hope, extravagant hope, that is an unrealistic pursuit, in the end, everything may become nothing in front of us; Looking at home and the moon is an emotion, another ethereal emotion between heaven and earth.

What needs special reminder here is the theme, that is, the emotional tendency, which is the root of the article. At first glance, the college entrance examination composition seems to have no emotional tendency. In fact, it has long been buried by the proponent, just to wash away the gravel. For example, the 2009 Zhejiang volume "Love of Green Leaves to Roots" is aimed at the fact that students in 2009 are too impetuous and keen on the excitement of foreign countries, making the feelings of the old countryside that have been precipitated in the minds of Chinese people more and more embarrassing. There is a warm reminder: love your hometown, love your life, and love the hot land under your feet. If you realize the special feeling contained in the topic when you are examining it, then you will write a passionate and fluent text when you are writing, and the article will be excellent.

(2) composition without clear direction-material composition

For compositions that do not provide topics (mainly material compositions, including pictures), we should grasp the "three main" in the materials to ensure that they do not deviate. For example, the following materials:

There is a story in The Son of Yuling: There is a snail in Zhongzhou. He wants to cheer up and do something, but he always blames himself for being weak. If you want to climb Mount Tai to the east, it will take more than 3000 years to calculate. I want to go south to the Yangtze River and Hanshui River, and it will take more than 3,000 years to figure it out. Think about your life again, but die between dusk and dusk. So he died of anger on the stem of chrysanthemum morifolium, and was laughed at by ants.

The main object of this material is snails (it is not suitable to catch ants), and the main relationship is snails and their dreams. The main tendency is to question or deny the behavior of snails. On this basis, there will be no deviation in fate.

2. Do "three questions":

"Three Questions" are three philosophical questions: what, why and how.

For example, the topic of "self-cultivation" can be decomposed from three angles: what, why and how.

What is it? Talk about the connotation of self-cultivation, such as cultivating personality, character, meditation, will and spirit.

② Why: Talk about the value of self-cultivation, such as self-cultivation and life, self-cultivation and society.

How about: Talk about the methods of self-cultivation, such as reading, art, getting close to nature and going into historical sites.

With the above decomposition, accurate judgment is easy to get. For example, "Nourishing qi is important for self-cultivation", "Self-cultivation is a compulsory course in life" and "reading and self-cultivation".

For another example, in the 2009 Hubei volume Standing at the Door, candidates need to consider "Whose door are you standing at", "Where does this door lead", "What are you doing at the door", "Who is standing at this door" and "Why are you standing at this door". In this way, they can choose a wider angle and explore a broader space.

Let's take a look at the material just now. Before and after the analysis, we can ask "What is the nature of snail's behavior", "Why did the snail get depressed at last", "Why didn't the snail realize his dream" or "How could the snail not do it", and finally we can make the right decision, such as "acting according to one's ability" (knowing oneself clearly and finding one's position accurately), "proceeding from reality", "keeping one's heart in the moment" and "realizing one's dream depends on actions". Take an angle from above. [4]?

Ending technique

edit

Natural ending

After the content is expressed, there is no need to design profound philosophical sentences, and the full text is naturally wrapped up. This ending is called "natural ending method". It completely avoids the problems of gilding the lily and moaning without illness, and looks simple, bright and unpretentious. However, attaching importance to "nature" does not mean arbitrariness and rashness, but ends the full text according to the natural trend of literary thought development.

Put the dragon in the painting into the pupil of its eyes to make it lifelike ―― adding vitality to the works of art.

This way of ending is to express the theme clearly at the end of the article, relying on the content of the full text, using concise language, or to explain the writing intention clearly at the end of the full text, so this way of ending is also called "writing chapters and expressing records". Sometimes famous sayings, epigrams or poems can be used to summarize the whole text, so that the ending is concise and clear, which plays the role of making the finishing point.

a heated discussion

Ending an article with lyrical comments can express the feelings in the author's heart, arouse the emotional waves of readers, and arouse the hearts of readers, which has a strong artistic appeal. There are various forms of the ending of lyric discussion, so the ending is more free. A good lyric discussion ending will inevitably bring true feelings and give readers a sense of reality and sufficiency.

Echo from beginning to end

The ending echoes the beginning, and writing a sentence that echoes the beginning rather than simply repeating it is a very common ending method for all kinds of articles. This method can arouse readers' psychological aesthetic feeling and produce a sense of echo and integration from beginning to end.

Huadian theme

At the end of some narratives, readers should be reminded to understand the theme of the article at the same time, but the author does not express it directly in the way of logical thinking, but implies it in the way of metaphor, symbol, etc., leaving readers room for imagination, allowing readers to think and experience, resulting in endless effects.

Describe the ending

At the end of the description of characters or scenery, it is often simple to render a dull, sad, bright or hazy artistic conception, showing a poetic feeling.