Uses Tobacco leaves are the basic raw materials for making tobacco products. There are many kinds of cigarettes with different tastes: ① cigarettes. There are three types of cigarettes. The raw materials of flue-cured tobacco are almost all flue-cured tobacco leaves, and the cut tobacco is light in color, with flue-cured tobacco aroma and moderate in intensity; Mixed cigarettes are mainly flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco and oriental tobacco, and are mixed with other sun-cured tobacco. Cut tobacco is dark in color, with mixed aroma of various types of tobacco leaves, and rich. All or most of the raw materials of sun-cured tobacco are sun-cured tobacco, which has the aroma of sun-cured tobacco and is rich. Two cigars. Cigar core leaves, bundled leaves and wrapped leaves are used as raw materials and made by machine or hand. There are two kinds of sharp leaves and round heads, and the aroma is rich and rich. ③ Pisi cigarettes (hookah). Sun-dried tobacco leaves are used as the main raw materials, and smoked with hookah, bamboo hookah or dry hookah, with rich fragrance and strong vigor (Figure 3: Bamboo hookah and China hookah). 4 dou cigarettes. Taking sun-cured tobacco and air-cured tobacco as the main raw materials, it is made into particles, small pieces or filaments, which are smoked with a pipe, with rich aroma and full of vigor. 5 snuff. Take sun-cured tobacco as the main raw material, grind it into powder, and apply it directly to the nostrils to smell. 6. Chew cigarettes. Taking air-dried tobacco leaves as the main raw material, it is made into cakes, cakes, strips or pills, which are chewed in the mouth, and the fragrance is slightly sweet, and some are salty. Medicinal cigarettes developed in recent years are made by mixing Chinese herbal medicines into cigarettes. It has certain curative effect on some diseases such as chronic bronchitis in the elderly. Nicotine extracted from tobacco stems and tobacco stems can be used as pesticides. Tobacco stem fiber can be used as raw material for papermaking and pressed fiberboard. Seed oil can be used as coating and oil cake can be used as feed or fertilizer. Tobacco leaves contain edible soluble protein, which becomes colorless and tasteless crystals after purification, and its extraction amount can reach more than 6% of tobacco leaf output, which may become a potential food with rich nutrition. The residue after protein extraction can be pulped into cigarette flakes and used as filler for low tar cigarettes.
Tobacco is harmful to human health, and smoking has been opposed and restricted for a long time. As early as 1535, General History of India considered smoking a "bad habit". Smoking was first banned in Britain. Japan banned smoking in 16 15, burned tobacco leaves and pulled out tobacco plants in the field. Smoking was also banned in Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty in China, and offenders were punished by flogging. 1954 and 1964, the Royal British Medical Association and the US Department of Health successively published reports on the health hazards of smoking, which triggered a lasting anti-smoking climax. At that time, cigarette sales declined. In recent 20 years, 4500 ~ 5000 components have been identified from flue gas. About 0.6% of smoke particles are related to cancer, of which 0.2% are cancer inducers, mostly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lipid compounds. Another 0.4% is the precursor of cancer, mostly tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pentacyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, substituted phenols, nitrosamines and nornicotine. Reducing the harmful components of tobacco and tobacco products to human health is an important task of tobacco research. Because most of the harmful components in smoke are contained in smoke tar. Therefore, reducing the tar content in cigarettes has attracted people's attention.
Tobacco, panicum miliaceum, Solanaceae. Plant glandular hairs, about 1 m high. Petiole inconspicuous or winged stalk. When you touch leaves with your hands, they are sticky. Panicle terminal. Calyx tube, corolla funnel-shaped, trumpet-shaped, pink at the end. Capsule with yellow-brown seeds. Native to South America, it is cultivated all over the world. Tobacco leaf is the raw material of tobacco industry.
Tobacco leaves are leaves! ~
Master the following techniques for making tobacco leaves
The first is to pick wool samples, with a wide range. The selection and preparation of wool samples is the basis of making tobacco standard samples. Without sufficient, diversified and representative standard sample materials, it is difficult to make a set of tobacco standard samples that meet the requirements of "national standard". When selecting wool samples, the key is to select a wide range, sufficient tobacco leaves and sufficient representativeness, and tobacco leaves with different parts, colors, lengths and maturity should be selected into wool samples. This is convenient for making more complete tobacco standard samples.
The second is to choose again and be cautious. Because the appearance quality of tobacco leaves is continuous, the color characteristics and other appearance characteristics of tobacco leaves with different cultivation and modulation levels sometimes show different regularity, so some appearance characteristics of tobacco leaves are specious and difficult to judge. If these tobacco leaves are selected into the sample, it is easy to confuse the position, color boundary and grade boundary, and finally make a set of unqualified samples. Therefore, after selecting wool samples, secondary sorting is needed. In the secondary sorting process, special tobacco leaves should be removed to lay the foundation for the next grouping.
The third is to set the position and compare the color. After secondary sorting, wool samples should be selected in groups first. According to the position and color of tobacco leaves and the main characteristics of tobacco leaves. The focus of grouping is parts and colors, among which grouping parts is the key, and parts are wrong, which are all mistakes. The parts are mainly divided into vein phase and leaf shape, and the lower, middle and upper leaves are distinguished according to color, thickness and leaf surface characteristics. Then according to the depth of color, it is easier to distinguish the color of the same part, and according to the characteristics of the part and color, the lower lemon yellow and orange groups are divided. Central lemon yellow and orange group; The upper layer is lemon yellow, orange yellow and the upper layer is red and brown. In the case of high production level, it is necessary to separate mature leaf groups; According to the requirements of "national standard" and the characteristics of tobacco leaves in subgroups, they are divided into five subgroups: upper mottled, middle mottled, lower mottled, smooth leaves, slightly turquoise and bluish yellow.
Fourth, there are many factors and many grades. There are six quality factors of tobacco leaves, namely maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content, chromaticity and length. How to correctly grasp and use these six quality factors in the scoring process, the author's experience is: maturity is divided into major categories. All mature leaves were placed in the positive group (except X4F and X4L), and vice versa. Leaf structure is closely related to maturity and can be ignored. Oil content and chroma are the most critical. Oil content and chromaticity are the most significant factors to distinguish the internal quality and external quality of tobacco leaves. Oil is divided into four grades: more, more, less and less, and chromaticity is divided into five grades: strong, strong, medium, weak and light. If different grades are separated, the general grades are separated. The leaf length is different, and it should be shortened from high to low. It should be noted that the leaf length of the minimum and maximum limited tobacco leaves of a grade should not be lower than the minimum standard requirements of that grade. Parts can also be graded. Part is the primary factor of grouping and sometimes the key factor of scoring, and some parts have a certain corresponding relationship with scoring.
Fifth, the border is clear and the number is sufficient. Among the graded tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves with medium quality are selected first, and then the tobacco leaves with good quality (upper limit) and poor quality (lower limit) are selected. When synthesizing tobacco standard samples, the middle leaves of each grade should be the main ones, and the better and worse leaves of the same grade should be reasonably matched. There should be some differences in the quality of adjacent grades of tobacco leaves, and the boundaries should be clear. We often see that some grade standard samples formulated by individual units have only 4-7 leaves or even less, which is not representative. The national standard stipulates that the number of flue-cured tobacco leaves per stalk is 20-25. The number of blades of standard samples of each grade must meet this requirement, otherwise it is not representative.