Huang Deyong, Middle School Affiliated to Zhanjiang Normal University

Keywords: basic requirements of psychological counseling

As an important part of mental health education, psychological counseling has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life.

Psychological counseling refers to the process of providing help, inspiration and guidance to counselors' psychological and spiritual problems by means of a special interpersonal relationship, using psychological theoretical knowledge and methods, and by means of information transmission such as words and characters. The Guiding Outline of Mental Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools formulated by the Ministry of Education points out: "Psychological consultation is a highly scientific and professional work, and it is also an important channel of mental health education". For psychological counseling, we should: "strictly follow the principle of confidentiality, use psychological test scale or other test methods carefully, and do not force students to take psychological tests, and prohibit the use of instruments that affect students' mental health ..." Obviously, psychological counseling has strict requirements.

Specifically, what are the basic requirements of psychological counseling? The author believes that there are mainly the following aspects:

1. Consultants must be professionals with strict professional training.

Psychological counseling is an activity that provides psychological help to counselors by using psychological knowledge, theories and methods. It is not directed at anyone. A consultant must be a professional who has undergone strict professional training and understands the knowledge, theories and methods of psychology. Because psychological counseling has its specific purposes and tasks, specific operational processes and means, it is necessary to apply professional theories and methods to solve problems. It is a purposeful and conscious professional behavior, not a general social interaction between people, nor a profession that everyone can engage in. It requires counselors to have certain special qualities, such as sensitive psychological reaction, listening carefully, caring, cooperative and friendly, believing that people have the possibility of growth, correct outlook on life, values and stable emotions. At present, most of the psychological clinics and hotlines that people often come into contact with are engaged by people who have not received professional training, which makes people mistakenly think that psychological counseling is just a kind of neighbor aunt or dogmatic empty preaching, which affects the credibility of psychological counseling.

2. Psychological counseling should have certain goals.

The fundamental purpose of psychological counseling is to change the behavior of visitors. Consultants should make visitors reflect on themselves from setbacks, sum up experiences and lessons, enhance their wisdom in life, improve their coping ability, improve their decision-making level, improve their interpersonal relationships and develop their potential, so as to better cope with all kinds of unpleasant experiences that may occur in their future lives. Therefore, consultation should have certain goals. The goals of psychological counseling include long-term overall goals and short-term specific goals based on the psychological problems of visitors. The overall goal of psychological counseling for middle school students is to promote the healthy growth of the younger generation, and to improve the psychological quality and physical and mental health of teenagers through counseling or counseling on specific issues. The specific goal of psychological counseling should be based on the specific problems and situations of visitors. For example, if the counselor's psychological pressure comes from learning problems, the goal of counseling should be to adjust the learning purpose, motivation and methods.

3. A consulting relationship of mutual trust and understanding must be established between consultants and visitors.

Psychological counseling is that psychological counselors help visitors solve problems and exert their greatest potential through their professional relationship with them. Therefore, psychological counseling emphasizes a special interpersonal relationship. The quality of the consultation relationship is directly related to whether the consultation can be carried out smoothly and achieve results. As Lars, an American psychological counseling expert, said, "In the process of counseling, it is most important to establish a frank and trusting relationship between counselors and visitors ... which is the premise of effective counseling." There must be a certain degree of mutual trust and understanding between consultants and visitors, so that visitors will be willing to talk openly about their problems and accept the help of consultants. Therefore, in the process of consultation, consultants should strive to create a good interpersonal atmosphere, inspire and help visitors to eliminate the influence of bad psychological factors and produce changes in cognition, emotion and attitude, so as to find out the root causes of psychological problems, clarify the nature of psychological problems, and find out countermeasures and methods to get rid of psychological confusion, so as to restore psychological balance, enhance psychological quality and improve adaptability.

In order to gain the trust and understanding of the inquirer, the consultant must treat the inquirer equally and not regard himself as a superior expert. It is necessary to show the identity of the inquirer in time, eliminate the anxiety and uneasiness of the inquirer, and make it feel trust, so that the consultation can proceed smoothly and achieve results.

Four. Consultation should pay attention to certain principles and methods.

There are many basic principles that counselors should adhere to in the process of psychological counseling, such as guiding principle, educational principle, confidentiality principle, time limit principle, voluntary principle of "those who come don't refuse, those who go don't pursue", and the principle of postponing major decisions. Among them, the principle of confidentiality is the most basic principle that consultants should follow. Because visitors' psychological problems generally involve personal privacy or at least secrets that they don't want others to know. If it is leaked, it will hurt the caller's body and mind. Only by keeping secrets for visitors can they open their hearts and eliminate their worries. Therefore, adhering to the principle of confidentiality in consultation is the greatest respect for the privacy of visitors, the basis for visitors to speak freely, and the key to successful consultation. Any information obtained by the consultant in the consultation relationship must be kept confidential for the caller unconditionally. When meeting for the first time, the consultant should explain the confidential matters to the visitors, keep the information and privacy of the visitors confidential and make a positive commitment to eliminate the vigilance of the visitors. However, when the state or behavior of the visitor causes harm to the consultant or others, the confidentiality principle can be broken and the relevant institutions or personnel can be notified.

There are many specific methods of psychological counseling. According to its main theoretical model, it can be roughly divided into psychoanalysis therapy, behaviorism therapy, cognitive therapy, interactive analysis therapy, humanistic therapy and Morita therapy. Among them, psychoanalysis therapy, behaviorism therapy and humanism therapy are the most commonly used classical psychological counseling methods. As a consultant, one should master at least one or two specific consulting methods, so as to face different psychological problems, prescribe the right medicine, effectively solve various psychological problems for visitors and get rid of their confusion.

Five, the consultant should hold a correct attitude in the consultation.

The attitude of counselors is very important to the psychological counseling of middle school students. Due to the age gap and the habitual awe and prevention of teachers and other adults, students may hide their true thoughts more or less during the consultation process, which forms a great obstacle for teachers or consultants to make accurate diagnosis and treatment. Only when the consultant insists on understanding, sincerity and respect in the consultation process can visitors dispel their concerns and speak freely. Therefore, counselors should show warm concern for visitors, treat them with sincerity, understanding and respect, make them feel warm and comfortable, and arouse their emotional recognition. Counselors should think from the visitor's point of view, see with the visitor's eyes, listen with the visitor's ears, feel and understand the expressed and unexpressed contents and emotions of the visitor from the visitor's inner point of view, so that the visitor can feel that the consultant sincerely cares about and respects him, so as to happily accept the help and guidance of the consultant.

References:

1. Qualification training for teachers of mental health education in primary and secondary schools in Guangdong Province (certificate C)

2. Zhang Xiaoming Editor-in-Chief: "Mental Health Education in Middle Schools"

3. Fang Xiaoyi: "How to carry out psychological counseling for students" ("Ideological and Political Teaching", No.6, 2000)

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