1, different implementation methods: the difference between the topic and the paper lies in the different implementation methods. The way to finish the topic can be papers, monographs, patents, reports, etc. Papers are a form of academic achievements, which are often sent directly to periodicals and magazines, and the publication of magazines is the result of completion.

2. Different research objects: the research objects of the subject and the paper are different. The thesis is based on arguments and can have a very wide range of contents. The subject is a project, and all the problems to be solved are to be solved, ahead of schedule.

3. Different ways of completion: the topic and the paper are completed in different ways. Papers are usually written by one person or two or three people. Projects often need a research team to complete. The project needs to be applied first, and the project can only be started after it is approved. But the paper does not need approval, and it can start with good ideas, which is very flexible.

4. Different periods: the periods of topics and papers are different. Papers can be published as long as they have ideas, and the cycle is flexible, which can be long or short. It takes 1-2 years to complete the project declaration. The project needs a series of long and complete research processes, such as project establishment, declaration, project establishment and actual operation.

5. Different evaluation methods of professional titles: the evaluation methods of professional titles of topics and papers are different. Subjects are usually evaluated according to grades, while papers are often evaluated by papers or academic achievements.