Analysis of China's Environmental Protection Situation and Countermeasures Although China's environmental protection work has made positive progress, the environmental situation is still very grim, and environmental management is seriously lagging behind, which does not meet the requirements of environmental protection tasks. In order to fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, environmental protection must be placed in a more important strategic position. At present, environmental protection should effectively solve outstanding problems such as water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, nuclear pollution and radiation pollution, and promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. To strengthen environmental protection, effective countermeasures must be taken: perfecting environmental protection laws and regulations and strengthening law enforcement; Improve the environmental management system and improve the environmental supervision system; Establish a diversified investment and financing mechanism for environmental protection and increase investment in environmental protection funds; Implement economic policies conducive to environmental protection and accelerate the marketization process of pollution control; Promote the progress of environmental science and strengthen the construction of environmental protection team; Implement the responsibility system for environmental protection and enhance the effect of environmental protection achievements. Key words: strategic position of environmental protection Environmental pollution, ecological destruction and pollution control The ecological protection of environment, resources and health is considered by the international community to be the most noteworthy issue in sustainable development, and environmental protection is closely related to everyone. The 11th Five-Year Plan adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee puts forward that "environmental protection should be strengthened" and "natural ecology should be effectively protected". This is the fundamental requirement and guiding principle of strengthening ecological environment protection in China during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. We must conscientiously implement it and make contributions to China's pollution prevention, ecological protection and fundamental improvement of the environment. It is imperative to do a good job in environmental protection (1). The environmental situation is still grim. The goal of the tenth five-year plan for environmental protection has not been fully realized. The emission of sulfur dioxide increased by 27.8% compared with 2000, and the chemical oxygen demand only decreased by 2. 1%, which failed to meet the control target of reducing 10%. Key river basins and regions such as Huaihe River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Dianchi Lake (hereinafter referred to as "Three Rivers and Three Lakes") have only achieved about 60% of the planned objectives. The discharge of major pollutants far exceeds the environmental capacity, and the environmental pollution is serious. 26% of the national surface water control (national key monitoring) sections are worse than the class V standard of water environment, and 62% of the sections do not meet the class III standard; 90% of the rivers flowing through the city are polluted to varying degrees, and 75% of the lakes are eutrophic; The water quality of drinking water sources in 30% key cities can't reach Class III standard; The environmental quality of coastal waters is not optimistic; 46% of the cities with districts can't meet the second-class standard, and the number of haze days in some large and medium-sized cities has increased, and the degree of acid rain pollution has not been alleviated. The national hydraulic erosion area is 1.6 1.000 square kilometers, and the desertified land is 1.74 million square kilometers. More than 90% of the natural grasslands have been degraded. The water ecological function of many rivers is seriously unbalanced; The biodiversity is reduced, and the economic losses caused by the invasion of alien species are serious; The ecological function of some important ecological function areas has deteriorated. Rural environmental problems are prominent, and soil pollution is becoming more and more serious. Pollution such as hazardous waste, automobile exhaust and persistent organic pollutants continues to increase. The climate change situation is grim and the task is arduous. Environmental problems that have appeared in stages in the process of industrialization in developed countries for hundreds of years have concentrated in China. China has entered a period of frequent pollution accidents and prominent contradictions. (2) At present, China's environmental management is seriously lagging behind and the environmental situation is grim. It is urgent and important to protect the environment, but at present, China's environmental protection laws, regulations, work and tasks do not meet the requirements. In some places, the understanding of environmental protection is not in place, emphasizing GDP growth and ignoring environmental protection; The legal system of environmental protection is not perfect, environmental legislation can not fully meet the needs of the situation, and the phenomenon of non-compliance with laws and lax enforcement is more prominent; The environmental protection mechanism is imperfect, the investment is insufficient, there are many historical debts, the pollution control process is slow, and the degree of marketization is low; The environmental management system has not been completely straightened out and the efficiency of environmental management needs to be improved; The supervision ability is weak, the national environmental monitoring, information, science and technology, education and comprehensive evaluation ability are insufficient, and the environmental awareness and public participation level of some leading cadres need to be strengthened. (3) Strengthening environmental protection is of great significance. The environmental problems that have appeared in stages in the process of industrialization in developed countries for hundreds of years have concentrated in China in recent 20 years, showing the characteristics of structural, compound and compression. Environmental pollution and ecological destruction have caused huge economic losses, endangered people's health, and affected social stability and environmental security. In the next 15 years, China's population will continue to increase, the total economic output will quadruple, the consumption of resources and energy will continue to increase, and the pressure on environmental protection will become greater and greater. Therefore, environmental protection must be placed in a more important strategic position. Strengthening environmental protection is an important measure to implement Scientific Outlook on Development, an inherent requirement for building a well-off society in an all-round way, a practical action to persist in governing for the people and improve the ability to govern, and a powerful guarantee for building a harmonious socialist society. Strengthening environmental protection is conducive to promoting economic restructuring and the transformation of growth mode, and achieving faster and better development; It is conducive to promoting the development of environmental protection and related industries, cultivating new economic growth points and increasing employment; It is conducive to improving the environmental awareness and moral quality of the whole society and promoting the construction of socialist spiritual civilization; Conducive to ensuring people's health, improving the quality of life and prolonging life; It is conducive to safeguarding the long-term interests of the Chinese nation and leaving a good space for survival and development for future generations. Therefore, we must use Scientific Outlook on Development to guide environmental protection and make up our minds to solve environmental problems. Second, we should effectively solve the current outstanding environmental problems (1), focus on drinking water safety and key watershed management, and strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution. First, we should scientifically delimit and adjust drinking water source protection areas, effectively strengthen the protection of drinking water sources, build urban backup water sources, and solve the problem of drinking water safety in rural areas. Second, we must resolutely ban direct sewage outlets in water source protection areas, prevent aquaculture from polluting water sources, prohibit toxic and harmful substances from entering drinking water source protection areas, strengthen water pollution accident prevention and emergency treatment, and ensure people's drinking water safety. The third is to improve the environmental quality of key river basins and key regions as soon as possible, and increase the prevention and control of water pollution in "three rivers and three lakes" (Huaihe River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, Taihu Lake, Dianchi Lake and Chaohu Lake), the Three Gorges reservoir area, the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the water source of South-to-North Water Transfer Project and along the route. Fourth, focus on key sea areas and estuaries such as the Bohai Sea to strengthen marine environmental protection. Fifth, it is strictly forbidden to directly discharge excessive industrial sewage into rivers, lakes and seas. (two) to reduce the total amount of sulfur dioxide emissions as the focus, and promote the prevention and control of air pollution. First, accelerate the pace of raw coal washing and reduce the sulfur content of commercial coal. The second is to strengthen the control of sulfur dioxide in coal-fired power plants. In addition to Kengkou Power Plant burning ultra-low sulfur coal, new (expanded) coal-fired power plants must simultaneously build desulfurization facilities or take other measures to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. Third, large and medium-sized cities and their suburbs should strictly control the new (expanded) construction of coal-fired power plants other than cogeneration, and prohibit the new (expanded) construction of energy-consuming enterprises such as steel and smelting. Fourth, according to the environmental conditions, determine the desulfurization targets in different regions, and formulate and implement plans for the prevention and control of acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution. Fifth, it is necessary to formulate the control plan of nitrogen oxides in coal-fired power plants, increase the control of smoke and dust, and take energy-saving measures to improve energy utilization efficiency. Sixth, we must vigorously develop wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy and other energy sources, actively develop nuclear power, develop hydropower in an orderly manner, increase the proportion of clean energy, and reduce air pollutant emissions. (3) Focus on pollution prevention and control, and strengthen environmental protection in urban and rural areas. First, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of environmental protection infrastructure and improve the sewage treatment rate and the garbage harmless treatment rate. Second, we should pay attention to the protection of natural and ecological conditions in the construction, try our best to preserve natural heritages such as natural forests, rivers and lakes, beaches and wetlands, natural landforms and wildlife, and strive to maintain the ecological balance of the region. The third is to carry out a national soil pollution survey and comprehensive management of over-standard cultivated land. The cultivated land that is seriously polluted and difficult to repair should be adjusted according to law. Fourth, it is necessary to use pesticides and fertilizers reasonably to prevent the pollution of agricultural film to cultivated land. Fifth, actively develop water-saving agriculture and ecological agriculture, and intensify the pollution control of large-scale aquaculture. Sixth, promote the work of improving water and toilets in rural areas, make good use of resources such as crop straws, actively develop rural biogas, properly handle domestic garbage and sewage, and create towns and civilized ecological villages with beautiful environment. (4) Efforts should be made to promote harmony between man and nature and strengthen ecological protection. First, pay equal attention to ecological protection and governance, and focus on controlling unreasonable resource development activities. Second, give priority to the protection of natural vegetation, adhere to local conditions, attach importance to natural restoration, continue to implement natural forest protection, natural grassland vegetation restoration, returning farmland to forests, returning grazing to grasslands, returning farmland to lakes, preventing desertification, soil and water conservation and rocky desertification, and strictly control land degradation and grassland desertification. Third, adapt economic and social development to water resources conditions, make overall plans for living, production and ecological water use, and build a conservation-oriented society. Fourth, strengthen the construction and management of ecological function protection zones and nature reserves, and strengthen the environmental supervision of mineral resources and tourism development. Fifth, do a good job in the protection of typical marine and coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, coastal wetlands, coral reefs and islands. (5) Focus on supervision of nuclear facilities and radioactive sources to ensure the safety of nuclear radiation environment. First, comprehensively strengthen nuclear safety and radiation environment management, and the state implements unified supervision over environmental protection of nuclear facilities. Second, it is necessary to formulate a scientific nuclear power development plan, and nuclear power construction should fully consider nuclear safety, environmental safety and waste treatment and disposal. Third, it is necessary to strengthen the safety supervision of nuclear facilities under construction and in service, and accelerate the pace of decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste. Fourth, it is necessary to strengthen the environmental supervision and management of electromagnetic radiation and associated radioactive mineral resources development, and improve the radioactive source safety supervision system. Remaining content reference