Use the formula: citation rate = (the number of times cited by other journals)/(the total number of times cited by journals).

The other citation rate of a paper is the proportion of the part cited by others to the full text, and the self-citation rate is the proportion of the published part cited by oneself to the full text. Both of them need to correctly mark the citation marks and references listed at the back of the paper. Only when the examination papers of the school are completed and the defense is successfully passed can the university life be considered as a successful end. General colleges and universities will not check all undergraduate papers, after all, it is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, universities are likely to use sampling methods to test.