Learning methods, the necessity of artistic appreciation, aesthetic significance
introduce
Where there is life, there is love, and where there is love, there is art. Therefore, art is not specialized, but human instinct; There are no experts in art, as everyone knows. In the later period of modern times, personnel were complicated, and they forgot their roots at the end and the source downstream. Everyone tried their best in a certain corner of life, thus losing their natural feelings in life. So the world created the major of "art", and people who specialize in this major are called "artists". Establish "art" and "artist", and art begins to decline! Leaving the palace of "art", quitting the position of "artist", teaching children skills, leading passers-by to discuss beauty with them and chatting with them, is enough to stimulate their instinctive knowledge and return to their natural life. If so, everything can be art, and everyone should be an artist. { 1}
This passage by the famous artist Feng Zikai is very profound. Art should belong to the whole people. But today's artistic creation focuses on artists, which is not conducive to the improvement of college students' artistic quality and aesthetics. The main purpose of strengthening aesthetic education in colleges and universities is to "educate people" and educate students to gradually establish Marxist aesthetics. Aesthetics is the basic viewpoint about beauty, aesthetics and creation of beauty, and it is an important part of world outlook and outlook on life. The significance of college students' learning art appreciation lies in attracting goodness with beauty and improving students' ideological and moral character; Enlighten the truth with beauty and enhance students' intelligence; Improving students' physical and mental health with beauty. So as to promote the all-round and harmonious development of college students.
Therefore, it is very important for college students to learn art appreciation courses, and it is even more important to realize the popularization of art appreciation courses in colleges and universities. The popularization here is not just the popularization of books and words, but the spiritual popularization of college students. To truly understand the significance of learning art appreciation courses, we college students need to really see through some problems. Then the following questions can help us better understand the necessity of learning art appreciation.
Art is a kind of culture, and we college students have the obligation to carry forward this culture.
Most people think that "art" is "painting", which is a misunderstanding. Around the May 4th Movement, Cai Yuanpei put forward the idea of "replacing religion with aesthetic education". What he called "aesthetic education" is a big concept, and all technologies that can arouse people's aesthetic activities belong to the category of "aesthetic education". The "art" in "aesthetic education" also includes literature, music and dance. Later, the concept of art began to be concrete and subtle. Generally speaking, researchers understand "art" as a generalization of plastic arts, including painting, sculpture, architecture and arts and crafts. In modern industrial society, "arts and crafts" and "design art" are divided into two different social categories. In China, there is a trend of calligraphy seal cutting, and photography is classified as "art". It can be seen that with the continuous development of social culture, the connotation of the concept of "art" is gradually expanding.
Cai Yuanpei put forward the requirement of "replacing religion with aesthetic education" at that time, firstly because "religion" itself is one of the cultural expressions of human beings, but this form is out of date in Cai Yuanpei's view. Moreover, the form that can arouse people's reverence and fear is actually the creation of "art", so the cultural nature of "religion" is largely created by "art" Thus, "art" itself is a kind of "culture". {2}
More importantly, art education is an important symbol to measure the degree of civilization of a country and region. It inherits and develops the achievements of human civilization, spreads, preserves, integrates and develops national culture, and is the life mechanism of national formation, survival and development. As a kind of spiritual production, art education has a vital influence on people's social psychology, customs, moral norms and cultural traditions, and has become the foundation of the whole cultural construction.
What comprehensive and profound influence does the art appreciation course have on college students?
First of all, it is manifested in attracting good with beauty.
Mr. Cai Yuanpei strongly advocates "replacing religion with aesthetic education" because art, as one of the important carriers of "aesthetic education", has the educational function of assisting moral progress. The ideological and moral character of college students is not innate, nor is it formed spontaneously, but is formed and developed in society, family, especially school education. Art appreciation course is one of the educational courses in the school.
People's moral ideal, moral understanding, moral emotion and moral behavior are all based on aesthetics, and beauty is the pursuit of value orientation. In the process of cultivating ideological and moral quality, art appreciation class directly presents Chinese and foreign art to the students, so that they have an "intuitive" aesthetic feeling. "Aesthetics is liberating", which can improve people's subjectivity in beauty. Homelinski, an educator in the former Soviet Union, said: "Beauty is the source of people's moral wealth." Art appreciation course in colleges and universities is a continuation of art education in ordinary colleges and universities, and it is an aesthetic education with strong artistic appeal. This aesthetic education is accomplished by appreciating the artistic conception, lines, colors, composition, texture, space and the author's creative background. It can transform the highly developed social rationality into an intuitive and vivid perceptual form, and the political ideological content and ethical connotation contained in it can enable the educated to purify their minds and sublimate their moral sentiments while improving their aesthetic feeling and expression ability, so as to reach a lofty spiritual realm. Vivid artistic images and intuitive ideas inspire and touch young students, feel beauty from works of art, and get spiritual pleasure and satisfaction. At the same time, they also gained a lot of humanistic knowledge and received ideological and moral education in a subtle way, which enabled people's body and mind to develop in an all-round and harmonious way.
Secondly, it is manifested in revealing the truth with beauty.
Quality education should focus on cultivating students' innovative spirit. Art appreciation class can enable students to expand their imagination with pleasant psychological experience. Modern psychology reveals that interest and happy mood can provide the best emotional background for complex and heavy intellectual activities. Good works of art can give full play to students' rich imagination. Einstein once said that imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world, promotes progress and is the source of knowledge evolution. Art appreciation can develop students' thinking abilities such as perception, attention, memory, association, fantasy and creation. Through the appreciation of works, students' visual perception ability can be improved, and their understanding of symbolic and extended meanings of various colors will be more acute and coordinated. It can be considered that art appreciation has the function of enlightening wisdom.
The process of art appreciation is a process of visual thinking, and it is also a process of aesthetic creation by the appreciator. It is a series of visual thinking activities in which the appreciator feels, imagines, experiences, understands and discriminates the artistic works created by the artist, so as to broaden his horizons, expand his cognitive field and improve his artistic accomplishment and aesthetic ability. In the process of art appreciation, because the viewer is faced with a typical inspiring visual image, it will naturally cause various related associations and imaginations. Under the influence of association and imagination, richer content can be perceived and understood through concrete artistic images. There is a saying in China's ancient poetics that "the image outside the image is the scenery outside the scene", and Mei, a poet in the Song Dynasty, demanded that "the author has his heart and the viewer understands". The blank treatment of Chinese painting is the space left to the imagination of the appreciator, and it is the process of recreating the artistic works by the appreciator. No matter how complete and concrete a work of art is, it has a broad imagination space, which needs to be enriched and developed by the appreciator through association and imagination, so that the appreciator's thinking ability in images can be further cultivated and improved. Artistic appreciation, like artistic creation, is a creative process. Therefore, the process of appreciation is also the process of cultivating the creativity of the appreciator.
The cultivation of creativity is the core of quality education, and art appreciation is suitable for the cultivation of this kind of creative psychology, especially the training of visual thinking such as color, proportion, space and rhythm in the process of art appreciation, which can help students broaden their horizons in a subtle way, cultivate their rich spatial imagination and open up the depth and breadth of thinking.
Once again, it is beautiful and affectionate.
Art appreciation is of great benefit to the improvement of students' physical quality. For example, the ancient Greek sculpture "The discus thrower" is the harmonious unity of strength and bodybuilding, which shows that the development process of physical quality is to shape beauty and pursue beauty according to the principles and laws of beauty. In-depth analysis, appreciation and further understanding of the context of discus throwers can also arouse students' strong physique consciousness with healthy aesthetic feeling. For example, when appreciating Venus, an ancient Greek sculpture of Milos, we should guide students to discuss the standards of human beauty, help students understand the times, class and multi-level nature of beauty through art appreciation classes, and then appreciate the classical, harmonious, healthy and natural beauty of Venus.
Art appreciation is also very important for students to improve their psychological quality. In the process of psychological quality education for students in art appreciation class, we should first cultivate students' love for beauty, make them have a correct understanding and concept of beauty, and learn to appreciate beauty, appreciate beauty and express beauty. Excellent works of art are the author's understanding of nature, life and society, and the expression of the creator's mind. Therefore, in art appreciation, students can have a spiritual dialogue with the author through the medium of works of art, so that their hearts can be cultivated, infected, purified and promoted, and their cognitive psychology, emotional psychology and social psychology can develop harmoniously. In addition, art appreciation can also cultivate students' tolerance and creativity through various forms and methods.
In short, all aspects and links of art appreciation are related to quality education and the free and harmonious development of college students. Therefore, we should put more emphasis on the necessity for college students to learn art appreciation courses. Mainly to gradually establish a Marxist aesthetic view. Aesthetics is the basic viewpoint about beauty, aesthetics and creation of beauty, and it is an important part of world outlook and outlook on life. The significance of college students' learning art appreciation lies in attracting goodness with beauty and improving students' ideological and moral character; Enlighten the truth with beauty and enhance students' intelligence; Improving students' physical and mental health with beauty. So as to promote the all-round and harmonious development of college students.
References:
[1] For the preface to "Random Talk on Art", see Feng Zikai's On Art, Fudan University Press, 1985, p. 26.
[2] Zhang, editor-in-chief of Art Appreciation, Higher Education Press, 1998 agrees 1| comments.