Internet of Things Technology Paper 1: Brief Discussion on Internet of Things Technology Abstract Internet of Things is a network of Internet of Things, and people, people and things, things and things are interconnected into a network. Internet of things technology is the cutting-edge technology today, a new strategic industry in China, and also the future development trend. Internet of things technology is in its infancy, but all countries attach great importance to it and study and develop it as a strategic industry. This paper discusses the origin, characteristics, types and composition of Internet of Things technology.
Keywords internet of things; Characteristics; Composition; key technology
First, the origin of the Internet of Things
The concept of Internet of Things first appeared in 1995 Bill Gates' The Road to the Future. In this book, Bill Gates has mentioned the concept of the Internet of Things, but it did not attract people's attention at that time. 1998, MIT creatively proposed the so-called EPC system at that time? Internet of things? The idea; 1999, MIT explicitly put forward for the first time? Internet of things? The concept of "Internet of Things" is put forward. The Internet of Things is a network that connects all items with the Internet through information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and can realize intelligent identification and management. In June 2005, at the Information Society Summit held in Tunisia, ITU released the Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things, which formally put forward the concept of Internet of Things.
On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2009, Wen Jiabao delivered an important speech entitled "Let Science and Technology Lead the Sustainable Development of China". China should make great efforts to break through the key technologies of sensor network and Internet of Things, and deploy related technology research and development as early as possible in the post-IP era, so that the information network industry can promote industrial upgrading and move towards the information society? Engine, so the Internet of Things as a new strategic industry in China.
The internet of things is based on the computer internet, and uses technologies such as radio frequency identification, sensing equipment and wireless communication to build a network covering everything in the world? Internet of things? ; What is the English name? Internet of things? , referred to as IOT. In this network, objects can interact? Communication? No manual intervention is needed. Its essence is to use RFID and other technologies to realize the automatic identification of articles and the interconnection and sharing of information through the computer Internet.
Second, the characteristics of the Internet of Things
(1) Networking: Networking is the foundation of the Internet of Things. Whether it is wired, wireless or private network to transmit information, it must rely on the network and be connected with the Internet, so as to form a complete Internet of Things. (2) Interconnection: The Internet of Things is a great integration of various networks, access and application technologies, and it is also a communication platform for people, people and things, and things and things; Compared with the Internet, the Internet of Things is more open and should be able to accept new equipment and provide new services and applications at any time, that is, the Internet of Things has the ability of self-organization and self-adaptation. (3) Internet of Things: Computers are connected with each other to form the Internet, which enables people to communicate with each other. The Internet of Things is to connect people and things. By installing sensors or miniature sensing chips on objects, people and objects can do it with the help of computer networks? Dialogue? And then what? Communication? . (4) Perception: The Internet of Things can't be separated from sensing devices. Information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification, infrared sensors and laser scanners are as important to people as visual, auditory and olfactory organs, and are essential key devices for the Internet of Things. (5) Automation: the Internet of Things automatically collects data through sensor devices; According to the preset processing rules, the software automatically processes the collected data; Automatic data exchange and communication; Realize the automatic monitoring and management of objects. Generally speaking, there is no need for manual intervention. (6) Intelligentization: The Internet of Things integrates computer network technology, wireless communication technology, micro-processing technology and sensor technology. Automation? 、? Perception? And other characteristics, has been able to show that it can represent people, can replace people? Reasonable analysis, judgment and purposeful action of objective things and effective handling of surrounding environmental problems? Intelligence is the expression of its comprehensive ability.
Third, the composition of the Internet of Things.
The Internet of Things mainly includes the following subsystems, and some Internet of Things may only include some of these subsystems.
(1) Telecom Network: Compared with the daily transmission of words, voices, pictures and images, the information transmission in the Internet of Things has its own uniqueness. Most of the information transmission in the Internet of Things is the transmission of small data and super-large data. As small as a few bits per month, such as power meter reading; It is as big as sending big pictures continuously, such as traffic monitoring, but the information transmission with medium data volume is very few. This puts forward new requirements for communication networks, and it is necessary to introduce new communication standards and new access technologies to meet the needs of various communications in the Internet of Things and realize efficient communication in the Internet of Things. The existing communication networks mainly include cable, optical fiber, radio, microwave, satellite, Bluetooth, infrared, WiFi and mobile communication. (2) Sensors: Sensors can change some physical quantities into electrical signals, collect information and react. For example, a microphone and a speaker are a pair of sound sensors. Sensors can be sound, light, electricity, weight, density, hardness, humidity, temperature, pressure, vibration, speed, image, sound and so on. (3) Electronic tags: Electronic tags are used to identify objects in the Internet of Things. The existing electronic tags mainly include RFID, barcode, two-dimensional code, ic card, magnetic card and so on. (4) Data processing: The data collected by the Internet of Things through sensing devices must be processed by computer software to meet the different needs of users and achieve various purposes. These data processing often include summary and summation, statistical analysis, threshold judgment, data mining and various professional calculations. (5) Alarm system: After the data information collected by the sensor equipment is processed by computer software, it may be necessary to give an alarm directly or give an alarm. The alarm forms are mainly audio, light and electricity (telephone and short message). (6) Display system: The data information collected by sensor equipment may need to be displayed directly or after being processed by computer software. Common display forms are text, numbers, graphics and tables.
Fourth, the key technologies of the Internet of Things.
(1) Perception and Recognition Technology
Perceptual identification technology, which is responsible for collecting real events and data and realizing the perception and identification of external information, is the foundation of the Internet of Things, such as sensors, wireless positioning, radio frequency identification (high frequency, ultra-high frequency), two-dimensional code and so on.
(2) Network and communication technology
Network is the most important data transmission and service support infrastructure of the Internet of Things. Through the interconnection of people and things, the transmission of perceptual information with high reliability, high speed and high security is realized. The realization of the Internet of Things involves short-range communication technology and long-range communication technology. Short-range communication technology mainly involves RFID, Bluetooth and so on. Remote communication technology mainly involves Internet networking, gateway and other technologies. Including short-range wireless communication (zigbee, Bluetooth, WiFi, etc. ), low-power wireless network technology, long-distance network, multi-network integration, etc.
(3) Computing and service technology
The calculation and processing of massive perceptual information is the most important support of the Internet of Things, and services and applications are the ultimate value embodiment of the Internet of Things.
The computing and processing technology of massive perceptual information is one of the main problems faced by the Internet of Things after its large-scale development. Need to overcome key technologies such as data mining, data fusion, efficient storage, parallel processing and knowledge discovery, and study the Internet of Things? Cloud computing? Technologies such as virtualization, intelligence, distributed computing and grid computing. Its core is to realize the distributed processing and sharing of information storage and computing power by using cloud computing technology, which provides technical support and guarantee for the efficient use of massive information.
Service computing. The development of the Internet of Things must be application-oriented. Internet of things? The connotation of service has been revolutionized, and the emergence of a large number of new applications will bring great challenges and opportunities for the service model and application development of the Internet of Things. If we still take the traditional technical route, it will inevitably restrict the innovation of Internet of Things applications. In order to adapt to the changes of application environment and service mode in the future, it is necessary to study standardized and open application support environment and service architecture and service-oriented computing technology according to different application requirements.
(4) management and support technology
With the application of the Internet of Things, the expansion of network scale, the diversification and complexity of supporting services and the high requirements for service quality, there are more and more factors affecting the normal, stable and efficient operation of the Internet of Things. Management and support technology is the guarantee of the Internet of Things. Safe, efficient and controllable? Emphasis includes measurement and analysis, network management, Internet of Things standards and security. It is necessary to study the new and efficient management mode and key technologies of the Internet of Things to ensure the normal, efficient and stable operation of the network system.
References:
[1] Introduction to the Internet of Things (2nd Edition), edited by Liu Yunhao, 2013 August, Science Press.
[2] Internet of Things Foundation and Application, edited by Wang Rulin, 20 1 1 10, Tsinghua University Publishing House.
[3] Introduction to Internet of Things Technology, edited by Zhang Feizhou, June 20 10, Electronic Industry Press.
[4] The origin and development trend of the Internet of Things, Lv Tingjie, April 438+00, 2065, Information and Communication Technology.
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